A detailed morphology of the male and female copulatory organs of the Australian ground spider Hemicloea sundevalli Thorell, 1870 is presented. The genitalia of the female are characterized by a pair of spermathecae on both sides of vulva. On one side, each spermatheca is connected with the bursa copulatrix, and on the other side, they are connected with the uterus externus that leads to the genital opening. The female epigynum of the genus Hemicloea have a peculiar, folded scapus, which expands during copulation. The structure of the male copulatory bulb was compared with bulbs of other gnaphosid spiders. The embolar part of the male bulb has only an embolus. The embolus is attached to the tegulum by a flexible membrane. This kind of male bulb organization is also characteristic in spiders of the genus Zelanda. During copulation, the male inserts completely the right palp embolus into the right bursa copulatrix of the female. The male tibial retrolateral apophysis is used as a lock mechanism to anchor the male palp onto the epigynum and prevents its rotation. The possible homology of the male bulb structures with those in other gnaphosid spiders is discussed.

Oklahoma has some of the highest recorded diversity of velvet ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in North America, as well as having a correspondingly high diversity of ecosystems and potential velvet ant habitats. Velvet ants are relatively large, conspicuous, parasitic wasps that are potential indicators for studies of habitat quality and change over time. However, little is known about in which habitats these insects live within the state other than their sole presence in Oklahoma. Herein we provide a county checklist and maps of known distributions of Mutillidae species in Oklahoma to provide a baseline for future studies comparing habitats and distributions. Two species collected in the summer of 2013 in Cimarron Co., Dasymutilla foxi (Cockerell) and D. snoworum (Cockerell), were found to be new state records. Data were compiled using direct specimen information, confirmed observations, literature records, and specimens collected in the summer of 2013 by the author(s). Efficacy of past Oklahoma insect and Mutillidae surveys across the state before and after 1950 are investigated. Future county-wide survey work of Oklahoma Mutillidae using citizen science surveys is also discussed.

Parasitoids may have important role in the biological control of social wasps. The objective of the current study was to identify and to measure colonies of the social wasp Polistes versicolor Olivier, 1791 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) that were attacked by parasitoids in the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The nest cell diameter, maximum and minimum width and height of the colony above the ground were recorded; in addition, the number of nest cells, pupae, larvae and eggs of parasitized colonies was determined in the laboratory from ten colonies of P. versicolor collected between April and May 2011. Parasitoid emergence was monitored on a daily basis. An individual of a non-described species of Pachysomoides (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) emerged from one P. versicolor colony collected from a plant of the sweet orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae). This colony had a nest cells diameter of 0.50 mm, a maximum and minimum width of 5.50 mm and 3.40 mm, respectively, and it was 1.48 m above the ground. In total, 189 nest cells, 19 pupae, 27 larvae and 41 eggs were found in the colony. This is the first report of a parasitoid of the ichneumonid genus Pachysomoides from a colony of the wasp P. versicolor in Brazil.