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Ladona exusta (Say) is a small libelluline dragonfly restricted to the Atlantic coastal region of North America from southern Newfoundland to Virginia. Based on 20 nymphs collected in shallow ponds in Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York, we describe the final unknown nymph of the genus. The palps have 5 major setae, differing from its more widespread congeners, L. deplanata and L. julia, which normally have 6 on each side, sometimes 7 (rarely 5 or 8). Nearly all L. exusta nymphs can be separated from L. deplanata using the number of palpal setae (5 v. 6) in conjunction with the ratio of epiproct length to metafemur length (0.42–0.48 v. 0.49–0.67). Ladona exusta is smaller than L. julia in a number of characters, the most distinctive of which are prementum length (3.70–3.90 mm vs. 3.90–4.75 mm) and prementum maximum width (3.35–3.85 mm vs. 3.90–4.85 mm).
Joseph L. Lacroix proposed a total of 68 names for the superorder Neuropterida: the great majority (n = 53) are within the Chrysopidae, and the remaining (n = 15) are dispersed among five other families. Two of the names are for chrysopid genera – Chrysacanthia Lacroix 1923 and Peyerimhoffina Lacroix 1920, both of which persist as valid today. Most, if not all, of the types for Lacroix's names are believed, without confirmation, to have been deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). In this report, we list all of the species-level and subspecific names that Lacroix proposed for Neuropterida, and we summarize the published information on the name-bearing type(s) and the current taxonomic status for each. Then, we report on our efforts to locate and catalog the types in the MNHN, with an emphasis on Chrysopidae. We found types in the MNHN for 17 of the 21 chrysopid species-level names, and for 17 of the 30 subspecific names. Here, we designate nine new species-level lectotypes and twelve new subspecific lectotypes. We report the current condition and locations for all of the recovered chrysopid species and subspecific types, as well as label data and the sex for all of the species-level types. Finally, to help expidite future searches for types of the nine species and six subspecies that Lacroix proposed for neuropteridan families other than Chrysopidae, we report the results of our brief search in the MNHN. Specifically, we found types for three species; their condition and locations in the collection are reported. Search for the others will require more focused effort than our time allowed.
The Kinsey collection of gall wasps deposited in the American Museum of Natural History was studied. Some species of the genus Andricus were originally described based on cotypes: A. furnaceus, A. incomptum, A. marmoreus, A. peredurus, and A. tecturnarum. The type series of A. furnaceus and A. peredurus were previously studied and lectotypes were designated. Lectotypes are here designated for A. incomptum, A. marmoreus, and A. tecturnarum. Comments on the type series and photographs of the lectotypes and galls of these species are included. Also some generic synonymies and some other Andricus species are discussed.
Podisus distinctus (Stäl, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is a predator of defoliating caterpillars of Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). This South-American asopine can be reared in the laboratory using Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae as alternative prey and released in the field. The movement observed in T. molitor pupae can be a defensive strategy. This makes it significant to study the development and reproduction of asopine predatory stinkbugs using transected pupae of this prey. The aim was to evaluate the performance of P. distinctus with transected or non-transected T. molitor pupae in the laboratory. The ventral nerve cord of T. molitor pupae was transected utilizing surgical forceps (T1, transected pupae), while the control included non-transected pupae (T2, non-transected pupae). These pupae were offered to P. distinctus nymphs and adults. We evaluated the duration and body mass of instars III, IV and V; duration from instar V to the adult stage; body mass of the newly emerged adults; adult sex ratio; total number of egg masses, eggs per female and egg mass; total nymphs per female and egg mass; percentage of nymphs hatched; female longevity, and the pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of this predator. The body mass of P. distinctus adults was 7.29% greater with the non-transected T. molitor pupae; however, the other parameters showed similar values between treatments. Non-transected T. molitor pupae are preferred for rearing the predator P. distinctus.
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