Herein, microstructures (setae, spicules, and multi-pronged spicules) found on 1) the outer surfaces of mature larvae of stingless bees (Meliponini) and 2) the posterior surfaces of the hind legs of adult workers of these same bees are described, anatomically compared, and their functions assessed. It is concluded that those features on the hind legs of workers are true setae whereas those on mature larvae are multi-pronged spicules. However, it is proposed that under certain circumstances the multi-pronged spicules may well serve to similarly reduce friction while being actively employed.

Zadiprion falsus Smith is a defoliating insect considered of major importance due to its pest status. The lack of knowledge about its behavior and method of distribution limits our ability to control and prevent of Z. falsus. The objective here is to understand the potential distribution of Zadiprion falsus throughout Mexico, as well as to determine the ideal conditions for its establishment and propagation. To do this, ecological niche models and potential distribution of both Z. falsus and the hosts of the species were used using the MaxEnt algorithm. It was determined that the variables that have greater influence in their distribution is the isothermality and the average temperature of the coldest quarter. A total of 14 species of host pines were recorded for Z. falsus, and it was concluded that there is a close relationship between the distribution of Z. falsus and the distribution of its hosts.

The species Zadiprion falsus Smith is a defoliating insect considered of major importance, due to its pest behavior. Little knowledge about its behavior and geographic? distribution is a limitation to determine control and prevention measures against these organisms. The objective of the present work is to know the potential geographic? distribution of Z. falsus throughout Mexico, as well as to determine the ideal conditions for its establishment and propagation. In order to do this, ecological niche models and potential distribution of both Z. falsus and its host plants were used applying the MaxEnt algorithm. It was determined that the variables that have greater influence on their distribution are the isothermality and the average temperature of the coldest quarter. A total of 14 species of host pines (Pinus) were recorded for Z. falsus, and it was concluded that there is a close relationship between the distribution of Z. falsus and the distribution of its host plants.