Descriptions of the adult, larva, and bionomics are based on larvae of Filatima demissae (Keifer) collected on Prunus virginiana L. and reared adults in Washington. Included are an image of the adult, illustrations of the male and female genitalia, and maps of the chaetotaxy of the last-instar, supplemented with scanning electron micrographs.

An acetylcholinesterase gene, acel, has been cloned and sequenced from both susceptible and field strains of Culex pipiens pallens. Comparison of both nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences revealed an amino acid substitution. The mutation A328S corresponding to A201S in Torpedo californica abutting the oxyanion hole of AChE1, might affect the stability of enzyme-substrate transition state and result in insecticide resistance. The mutation had been found in seven field strains of Cx. pipiens pallens collected in Beijing, China, and also had been detected in the Labagoumen strain by PCR-restriction endonuclease assay during 2003–2005. We suggested that A201S replacement in the acel gene is possibly responsible for insensitivity of AChE1 to some carbamates or organophosphates in field strains of mosquitoes.

This research studied the effect of temperature on the reproduction of Bracon vulgaris Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an ectoparasitoid of the cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in climatic chambers, using constant temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C, relative air humidity of 70 ± 10% and a photophase of 14 h. Females of the parasitoid produced a greater number of eggs when exposed to 25°C (124.65 eggs) in relation to those exposed to 20 (43.40 eggs) and 30°C (49.60 eggs). The mean number of parasitized larvae per female of B. vulgaris at 25°C (71.75) was greater than at 20°C (31.40) and 30°C (25.15). The daily intrinsic rates of increase (r_m) were -0.007 at 20°C, 0.07 at 25°C and 0.03 at 30°C, revealing that the temperature of 25°C produced increases of 1,100 and 133% in the value r_m in relation to the temperatures of 20 and 30°C, respectively. In programs of biological control of the boll weevil using innoculative releases, adult females of B. vulgaris with approximately five (at 25 or 30°C) or 20 day old (at 20°C) should be used; when using innundative releases, adult females of B. vulgaris, with ages between 11 and 31; 9 and 29 or 3 and 14 days of age, respectively, at 20, 25, or 30°C should be used.

Two new species of oribatid mites, Ramusella golbasiensis and Ramusella ermani are described. The new species belong to family Oppiidae Sellnick, 1937. The new species were found on moss under a pine tree from the pine forest of Gölbaşı, Ankara and in grassy soil from Allahuekber Mountain, Şenkaya, Erzurum Turkey respectively

Bihar has been endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis for over a century and shares approximately 90 percent cases of India. The Old World sandflies are mostly endophilic and endophagic. However, outdoor breeding sites were found in the peridomestic areas of human dwellings and cattle sheds from one to 100 meters distant. Sandflies were collected using CDC light traps from between abandoned wells covered with wild plants, bushes of bamboo (Bambusa bambos), banana (Musa sapientum) and wild herbs, old stacks of bricks covered with smaller plants making the environment cool and providing food to larvae from organic debris due to litter. The resting sandflies were also collected by aspirator and flash light from the dwellings and cattle sheds. The findings will assist in mapping of peridomestic breeding and resting sites of sandflies which will be of immense help during implementation of control programs for the disease in Bihar, India.

In this paper a new species synonymy is established, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rohwer, 1919) (= Lopheucoila truncicola Weld, 1951) and a new record of Lopheucoila mexicana Weld, 1951 is reported from Cuba.

The Peritrophic Matrix (PM) structure of two grubs, Holotrichia oblita and H. parallela (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) was observed. The effects of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) granulovirus enhancin (Ha-En) on the PMs were also measured. Compared with PMs of four lepidopteran larvae, Mythimna separata, H. armigera, Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni, the PMs of two grubs were smooth, compact and elastic but weak. Observations indicated that they might have a more elaborate structure and a greater variety of proteins. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that Ha-En did not degrade PM proteins in the two grubs and did partially degrade PMs proteins in the four lepidopteran larvae. Western blot analyses did not reveal a positive interaction between the protein of grub PMs and IIM-specific polyclonal antiserum from T. ni (TnIIM-spa); PM proteins of the four lepidopterans interacted by staining on the nitrocellulose membrane as revealed. Taken as a group, these observations suggest that the PM structure of H. oblita and H. parallela was different from those reported for the four lepidopteran larvae.

A new species of Gryonella Dodd, 1914, is described and illustrated based on specimens from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). Gryonella matogrossensis sp. nov. is similar to G. bruesi Dodd but can be distinguished mainly by its lighter color, rounded vertex, striated cheeks and large metanotal teeth. A key to the described species of Gryonella is provided. Taxonomic notes on the genus are included.

The larva of Podonomus fastigians is described for the first time, and the male and female adult and pupa are redescribed and illustrated. This is the first report of the non-biting midge P. fastigians in Argentina. Ecological remarks are included.

The wild bee fauna of six natural protected areas (NPAs) in Yucatan State, Mexico, are described and analyzed. A total of 130 bee species was recorded belonging to 50 genera and five families, of which 32 are new records for Yucatan State. The genera with the highest species richness were Megachile (20 species), Lasioglossum (12 species), Coelioxys (11 species, most of these are cleptoparasites of Megachile), Ceratina (9 species) and Augochlora (8 species). Species richness by NPA was 30 species in El Palmar; 55 in Dzibilchaltún; 58 in Kabah; 60 in Dzilam; 69 in Tabi; and 79 in Yalahau. Bee faunal composition in the NPAs, biogeographic affinities and the importance of wild bee conservation in the region are discussed.

Pseudosinella dubia Christiansen 1960 was described from specimens collected in four caves of Washington County, Arkansas (Christiansen, 1960). Christiansen and Bellinger (1998) documented another Washington County cave record, and Peck and Peck (1982) recollected the species from one of the original four localities. Gardner (1986) reported a Pseudosinella collection from a cave in Dent County, Missouri, which was subsequently identified as P. dubia by K. Christiansen (pers. comm., 2009). Although two recent biological inventories have been conducted in Arkansas caves, no additional records of P. dubia were reported (Graening et al., 2003; Graening et al, 2006). On 11 January 2003, GOG, DBF, R. Stark, and A. Harris collected various collembolans from Oklahoma's largest cave, the Duncan Field System (Adair County), in an attempt to acquire specimens needed to describe a new species endemic to this cave (Pseudosinella sp. nov. “AB”, reported in Christiansen and Bellinger, 1996). Instead, 5 specimens of Pseudosinella dubia were collected (out of 20 observed) and identified by K. Christiansen (Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa). This is the first record of P. dubia in Oklahoma and represents a western range extension of 27 km from the cluster of caves in Arkansas. Although P. dubia shows no clear troglomorphism, it has never been collected outside caves (K. Christiansen, per. comm., 2009). Specimens are retained in the personal collection of K. Christiansen.

The validity of the genus Habronychus and its subgenus Macrohabronychus is discussed. The latter is reviewed in detail and H. (M.) bicoloratus sp. nov. (CHINA, Yunnan) and H. (M.) parameratus sp. nov. (NEPAL, Thodung) are described. A key for identification of the known world fauna is provided. The habitus, male genitalia and female 8th abdominal sternites of the new species are illustrated.

The Enchenopa binotata species complex, which is restricted to eastern North America, is separated from the western and Neotropical species by the proportions of the front and middle tibiae. Three of its species are identifiable by reference to adult characters, and three existing names are applied to two of these species. A neotype specimen is designated for Enchenopa binotata (Say, 1824) and also for Enchenopa porrecta Buckton, 1901 to make these objective synonyms and to fix the former name on a common biological species that is monophagous on bittersweet, Celastrus (Sapindales: Celastraceae). Enchenopa brevis Walker is associated with a previously unreported species on leatherwood, Dirca (Myrtiflorae: Thymelaeaceae). Other species of Enchenopa from North America, recognizable from adult specimens, include one undescribed species from eastern North America on redbud, Cercis (Rosales: Fabaceae), plus two mainly Neotropical species here recorded for the first time from the southern states: Enchenopa sericea Walker from Arizona, and an undescribed species recently found in Texas.

We report new distribution records of two tarantula species from the genus Brachypelma (Simon 1891) within the Peninsula of Yucatan: B. vagans (Ausserer 1875) and B. epicureanum (Chamberlin 1925). B. vagans distribution is confirmed for the Mexican state of Yucatan. We also provide zoogeographical information from specimens deposited in the Colección Entomológica Regional at the Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias of the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.