Species diversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is studied in the province Mazandaran (northern Iran). In total, 27 species from 22 genera were collected and identified. The subfamily Oxytorinae Thomson, 1883 and the genus Agrypon Förster, 1860 are new records for the fauna of Iran together with eight species: Agrypon clandestinum (Gravenhorst, 1829), Lissonota (Lissonota) nitida (Gravenhorst, 1829), Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1824), Gelis agilis (Fabricius, 1775), Gelis stevenii (Gravenhorst, 1829), Lathrolestes buccinator (Holmgren, 1857), Oxytorus luridator (Gravenhorst, 1820) and Polyblastus (Polyblastus) cothurnatus (Gravenhorst, 1829). In this paper, five species are recorded for the first time as the hosts of Ichneumonidae: Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1824), Apterona helicoidella (Vallot, 1827) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) for Cryptus spiralis (Geoffroy, 1785), Fenusa ulmi Sundevall, 1847 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) for Lathrolestes buccinator (Holmgren, 1857), Hedya nubiferana Haworth, 1811 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for Exochus castaniventris Brauns, 1896 and Leucoma wiltshirei Collenette, 1938 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) for Aritranis director (Thunberg, 1824).

This study was based on Euaresta bullans (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) specimens collected from seven different provinces of Turkey (Amasya, Çorum, Kahramanmaraş, Kayseri, Samsun, Sinop and Yozgat). Euaresta bullans is monophage on Xanthium spinosum L. and were swept from over the host, which is a highly invasive plant in agricultural areas. Xanthium spinosum originated from South America and has spread throughout the world as well as in Turkey. In this study, we investigated population structure of E. bullans based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene data. We evaluated 105 adult specimens, 79 successful samples from sequence products were analysed, and 17 haplotypes were identified. Calculated nucleotide ratios of E. bullans populations (C: 16.7%; T: 38.93%; A: 29.05% and G: 15.8%), revealed that the base compounds were directed towards Adenine and Thymine (67, 98%). As a result of the study, the genetic distance between populations was found to be 0.09% - 0.046%. This showed that genetic variation among individuals of the E. bullans specimens is very low. According to the neutrality test (Tajima's D and Fu's Fs), result was p<0.05, it was determined that the populations showed a strong spread. Although E. bullans specimens have spread in different habitat characteristics and different geographic regions, they show a similar rate between populations. In particular, the high dependence of the host and the presence of the host in different habitats provide wide tolerance for this species in terms of environmental differences. Finally, it was found that gene flow continued between E. bullans populations and was not affected by any geographic and ecological barrier. Euaresta bullans have high populations on the host plant and results of this study support that it can be an effective biological control agent on X. spinosum in different regions.

The Old World ant cricket Myrmecophilus americanus Saussure, 1877 is reported for the first time from Nuevo Leon state, Mexico. The crickets were found living with their obligate host, the Old World ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802). The list of known ant hosts of native New World Myrmecophilus species is updated.

Triozocera longipalpis n. sp. is described as the first species in this genus from Oman and the Middle East. This species is readily separated from other species of Triozocera due to its unusually long and curved maxillary palp. Mengenilla arabica is reported for the first time from Oman and was previously only known from two collections, one from Saudi Arabia and one from Kuwait.

In the present study, a total of 28 braconid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in 19 genera and nine subfamilies, Agathidinae (two species, two genera), Alysiinae (three species, three genera), Brachistinae (four species, two genera), Braconinae (nine species, four genera), Cheloninae (three species, two genera), Euphorinae (one species), Macrocentrinae (one species), Microgastrinae (two species, one genus) and Opiinae (three species, three genera) were reared from 33 host species belonging to 18 families in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Seven braconid species are reported here as new for the Iranian fauna. Based on data available, eight new host records are also reported: Bacterocera sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) for Utetes truncatus; Coleophora serratella (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) for Agathis rufipalpis; Megaselia minuta (Aldrish, 1892) (Diptera: Phoridae) for Dinotrema concolor; Acanthocinus elegans Ganglbauer, 1884 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) for Vipio longicauda; Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for Phanerotoma tritoma; Psylliodes cuprea (Koch, 1803) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for Townesilitus aemulus; Agromyza ambigua Fallén, 1823 (Diptera: Agromyzidae) for Xenobius macrocerus; and Phytomyza horticola Goureau, 1851 for Chorebus flavipes.

Spider diversity is an important pillar of biological control in agriculture, which has attracted the attention of ecologists globally. Despite its economic and ecological importance in agriculture, limited work is available from Turkey regarding spider diversity. This study investigated spider fauna of some major (wheat, maize and vegetables) and minor (sunflower, groundnut, tobacco, sesame and potato) field crops in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Spider samples were collected from 16 different localities (115 fields) with sweep net and D-Vac machine. A total 212 specimens were classified as 41 species and 21 genera belonging to 18 families. The most commonly observed families were Philodromidae, Salticidae and Thomisidae. The highest spider diversity was found in cereal crops (23 species) followed by vegetable crops (22 species), while sunflower, lentil and potato (2 species each) had the lowest diversity. Thanatus sp., Evarcha sp., Phlegra sp. were the most abundant species in wheat. Cyclosa algerica Simon, 1885 was the first record in spider fauna from maize fields in Turkey. The current study improves the knowledge on spider diversity in Turkey, which can be used in future studies.

A new species of the genus Amphinemura in sinensis species group, Amphinemura xiangae Zhao & Du, sp. nov. is described from Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province of southeastern China. The new species is illustrated and compared to related taxa. New images with supplementary descriptions of Amphinemura fleurdelia (Wu, 1949) and Amphinemura curvispina (Wu, 1973) are also provided.

Six new state records are presented for the toad bug Gelastocoris oculatus oculatus (Fabricius): Delaware, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, and Wyoming. The species is now known from 28 states and three Canadian provinces.