This study determined the diversity of Cicadellidae species infesting various field crops (i.e., wheat, barley, chickpeas, lentils, corn, vegetables, sunflower, peanuts, onion, sesame, tobacco, watermelon, melon, tomato, pepper, eggplant, alfalfa, cucumber, bean, potato) grown in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. The second major aim of the study was to determine whether the species could serve as potential vectors for viruses and phytoplasma diseases. Field surveys were conducted through 2015 and 2016 in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Mardin and Şanlıurfa provinces situated in southeastern Anatolia region of the country. The survey timing was adjusted according to the phenological stages of the crops grown in the region. Samples were collected either by D-Vac or sweep net based on the phenological stage of the surveyed crop. A total of 100 net sweeps were swept at 5 different places in the field (20 nets at each sampling place) or D-Vac was run for 2 minutes at five different random places within the field. A total of 33 species belonging to 7 Cicadellidae sub-families were recorded. The most frequently observed species in the region were Asymmetrasca decedens, Empoasca decipiens, Zyginidia sohrab, Z. pullula, Circulifer haematoceps, Psammotettix striatus, P. alienus and P. provincialis. A total of 26, 16, 12 and 11 species were recorded from Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa, Mardin and Adıyaman provinces, respectively. The study suggests that P. alienus, P. provincialis, P. striatus and C. haematoceps were frequently recorded from the surveyed region and could be considered as potential vectors of viruses and pyhtoplasma in maize, wheat and other crops. Therefore, further studies should be focused on disease spread through reported species in the current study.

Vitamin E in animal feeds is important for biological development and nutritional equilibrium. Insects are important protein sources for animal feed. The most widely used insects are Musca domestica (MD), Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM). The data of vitamin E content comparison among different animal feed insects are limited. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect in vitamin E content of MD, HI and TM. The results showed that the content of vitamin E in larvae of MD, HI and TM was 616.5 ± 47.2, 614.6 ± 36.5 and 218.4 ± 12.0 µg/g, respectively. The ratio of tocopherol and tocotrienol changed in adults of MD and HI when compared to their own larvae stage. The larvae of MD and HI have a maximum value, that α- tocotrienol was nearly 200.0 µg/g. The proportion of isomer monomers in three insects was significantly different when compared with raw wheat bran. Interestingly, α- tocopherol was detected in larvae, pupae, and adults of MD, but only in larvae of HI and adults of TM. The content of vitamin E in wheat bran eaten by insects was significantly different with raw wheat bran. This indicates that insects have selective specificity in the absorption and accumulation of vitamin E isomers. Our results contributed to the development of insects derived vitamin E and the biological function of different isomers.

The nymphs and adults of champ bug, Urostylis parapunctigera Yang (Hemiptera: Urostylididae) were observed damaging Magnolia champaca trees at Umiam, Meghalaya State of northeast India. This bug species was previously described in 1938 from a male collected from Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India during 1931 and preserved in the British Museum. Apart from this, no further information is available regarding this species. Morphologically and by nature of damage, U. parapunctigera is very similar to another important destructive pest, U. punctigera Westwood, co-occurring on similar host plants in northeast India, and thus it might have been ignored because of confusion with U. punctigera. The present study is the first photographically illustrated redescription of male and female of U. parapunctigera. Also, this study provides key diagnostic characters of U. parapunctigera, which distinguish it from the more common U. punctigera,

Symbiocladius rhithrogenae (Zavřel, 1924) is redescribed based on adult males from China. Some morphological differences between the Chinese and European populations are given. The first DNA barcodes of S. rhithrogenae are presented.

The family Ptinidae (Coleoptera) contains approximately 2,800 described species and includes larvae and adults that feed on animal and vegetable organic matter. Among the 81 species recorded for Brazil is Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792). This cosmopolitan species is popularly known as the smoke beetle and it infests a large number of stored products such as tobacco, dried fruits and meat, grains, bran, flour, and industrialized dog food, being considered of extreme importance in places that store seeds and soybeans. The objective of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of L. serricorne in an artificial diet of the clerid Necrobia rufipes (DeGeer, 1775). In the Systematics and Bioecology laboratory at the State University of Paraíba (Campina Grande, Paraíba), live adults of L. serricorne were observed in rearing cages of N. rufipes. As soon as the clerid's diet items arrived at the laboratory, they were removed from the original packing and stored in sterile screw-top containers. The infestation by L. serricorne could not have occurred in the laboratory, as the N. rufipes rearing cage was covered with voile fabric tied with a rubber band. In this way, the question is whether the diet (composed of soy flour, beer yeast, dog food and bacon) had been infested by L. serricorne prior the purchase. To test this hypothesis, each food item was individualized in cap-sealed plastic containers (200 ml) that were kept in consistent environmental conditions of temperature and humidity. The containers were checked daily for the presence of L. serricorne. The first adult emergences were recorded in soy flour after 23 days (n = 80 adults) and in dog food after 25 days (n = 35 adults) of purchase. The collected specimens were kept in 70% alcohol and species identification was confirmed through comparison with literature. This is the first record of L. serricorne in soy flour and dog food for the state of Paraíba, Brazil.

In the present study, Eudocima srivijayana (Bänziger, 1985) is reported for the first time from India. A checklist of Indian species of Eudocima and images of adult of all related species from Uttar Pradesh, India are also provided.

The grasshopper genus Phaulotettix Scudder, 1897 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) contains 15 species and is known from northeastern Mexico and the southernmost United States (Barrientos-Lozano et al., 2011; Cigliano et al., 2021). Until now, only two species were known to occur in the United States: P. compressus Scudder, 1897 and P. eurycercus Hebard, 1918, with the distribution of both limited to south Texas (Barrientos-Lozano et al., 2011). Phaulotettix ablusus Barrientos-Lozano, Rocha-Sánchez and Méndez-Gómez, 2011 was hitherto known only from its type locality in the eastern Sierra Madre region of Cohuila, Mexico (Barrientos-Lozano et al., 2011). A single male was collected by one of the authors (TJH) in Starr County, Texas, in July 2019. It was found in a butterfly garden in xeric Tamaulipan scrubland of the South Texas Plains. Very few plants were in bloom at the time of collection and the garden had likely not been watered in some time, though this is typical of the region at this time of year.