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3 October 2023 Factors Driving Bumble Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) and Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Use of Sheared Shrubland and Young Forest Communities of The Western Great Lakes
Emma C. Keele, Darin J. McNeil, Joseph E. Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin
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Abstract

In the northern Great Lakes region, the creation and maintenance of early-successional woody communities as wildlife habitat have increasingly become a conservation priority.The extent to which insect pollinators use these systems remains largely anecdotal. In summer (June–August) of 2021, we surveyed 49 early-successional sites in the western Great Lakes region treated with either shrub-shearing or silviculture (young forest) for bumble bees, butterflies, and habitat components (i.e., structural vegetation and floral resources). Hierarchical distance models predicted pollinator densities (fi01_1095.gif) to be, on average, fi01_1095.gif = 84 bumble bees/ha and fi01_1095.gif = 102 butterflies/ha. Although sheared shrubland and young forest communities supported comparable densities of bumble bees and butterflies, density was not equal across all sites. At the microhabitat scale, butterfly density and morphospecies richness were negatively associated with tall shrub cover and butterfly morphospecies richness (but not density) was driven by floral richness. Similarly, bumble bee density was positively associated with metrics of floral resources, underscoring the importance of blooming plants within these woody systems. Landscape covariates explained variation in butterfly density/richness but not bumble bee density. Ultimately, our results demonstrate that blooming plant abundance is an important driver of bumble bee and butterfly densities within these managed early-successional communities. Because early-successional woody communities are dynamic and their herbaceous openings are ephemeral, routine management would ensure that a variety of successional conditions exist on the landscape to meet the needs of bumble bees, butterflies, and potentially other insect pollinators.

Emma C. Keele, Darin J. McNeil, Joseph E. Duchamp, and Jeffery L. Larkin "Factors Driving Bumble Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) and Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Use of Sheared Shrubland and Young Forest Communities of The Western Great Lakes," Environmental Entomology 52(6), 1095-1107, (3 October 2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvad101
Received: 7 April 2023; Accepted: 13 September 2023; Published: 3 October 2023
JOURNAL ARTICLE
13 PAGES

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KEYWORDS
bumble bee
butterfly
shrub-shearing
timber harvest
woody community
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