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The new dwarf highly succulent Euphorbia aenigmatica of Euphorbia sect. Euphorbia is described from Somaliland. It is closely allied to E. phillipsioides S.Carter and E. phillipsiae N.E.Br., which are also endemic to Somaliland.
An in-depth study of Beschorneria in central Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca revealed significant morphological differences among various populations of purported Beschorneria calcicola. Analysis of morphology, ecology, and distribution demonstrated that the populations restricted to low-lying semi-isolated limestone hills of central Veracruz and adjacent Puebla are significantly distinct from Beschorneria calcicola and are described as a new species.
Un estudio exhaustivo de Beschorneria en el centro de Veracruz, Puebla y Oaxaca mostró diferencias morfológicas significativas entre varias poblaciones de lo que hasta ahora ha sido considerada como Beschorneria calcicola. El análisis de la morfología, ecología y distribución demostró que las poblaciónes restringidas a los cerros calizos semiaislados del centro de Veracruz y la adyacente Puebla son significativamente distintas de Beschorneria calcicola y se describen como una nueva especie.
The taxonomic status of Astroloba pentagona (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) and the author attribution of this name are revisited. The name is applied to an accepted species, the type of which is the type of the genus name Astroloba, which is a small genus endemic to southwestern and southeastern South Africa. In the past the authorship of the name Astroloba pentagona was sometimes in error given as “(Haw.) Uitewaal”. It is shown that when, for nomenclatural accuracy, the name A. pentagona is cited with its author attribution, it is correctly A. pentagona (Aiton) Uitewaal. Taxonomically, A. pentagona previously had been regarded as a synonym of A. spiralis, a classification that is no longer followed.
Euphorbia derksenii, a new ascending candelabra-form tree species of Euphorbia (subgenus Euphorbia), is described from north and west facing rocky quarzitic sandstone outcrops in the northwestern Waterberg. The shrubby single stemmed plants grow to 5 m tall. It resembles the widespread E. cooperi.
During several visits to Zinnshoek farm situated in the northwestern Waterberg in the Limpopo Province, a Euphorbia was observed and documented from the dystrophic quarzitic sandstone outcrops. Plants were studied in habitat and cultivation. Living and herbarium specimens (PRE) were collected and grown at Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden as well as Babylonstoren Farm and in the Oudtshoorn district. Plants illustrated herein by Gerhard Marx (G.M.).
Geographical locations are cited according to the grid reference method of Edwards & Leistner (1971).
Five new species of the genus Echeveria (Crassulaceae) which have been discovered in the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico, are described in this publication: Echeveria altamirae of series Gibbiflorae, E. apoala, E. mazateca, and E. yoloxensis of series Nudae, and E. porfiriana of series Racemosae. Morphological diagnostic characteristics as well as habitat, distribution, and phenological data for each of these species are presented to differentiate them from other already described species. Each of these five new species are endemic to the state of Oaxaca and, along with many more taxa, have been included in molecular studies on an ongoing study for a better phylogenetic and evolutionary understanding of the genus Echeveria as well as other genera of the Crassulaceae family.
En esta contribución se describen cinco nuevas especies del género Echeveria (Crassulaceae), las cuales han sido descubiertas en las montañas del estado de Oaxaca, México. Echeveria altamirae de la serie Gibbiflorae, E. apoala, E. mazateca, E. yoloxensis de la serie Nudae y E. porfiriana de la serie Racemosae. Para cada una se proporcionan características morfológicas diagnósticas para diferenciarlas de otras especies ya descritas, así como datos sobre sus hábitat, distribución y fenología. Todas las especies aquí descritas son hasta el momento endémicas al estado de Oaxaca y se encuentran bajo estudios moleculares junto con muchos más taxones para la mejor compresión filogenética y evolutiva del género Echeveria y otros géneros de la familia Crassulaceae.
KEYWORDS: Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, Andean cloud forest, Catamayo-Chira River, Crisnejas River, Fenestratae, Huancabamba-Chamaya River, Marañón River, Mayo-Chinchipe River, Bosque nuboso andino, Fenestratae, Río Catamayo-Chira, Río Crisnejas, Río Huancabamba-Chamaya, Río Mayo-Chinchipe, Río Marañón, Zona Amotape-Huancabamba
Running head: The Peperomia dolabriformis species complex.
One of the most striking subgenera of the giant genus Peperomia (Piperaceae) is Fenestratae, of which most species have succulent, vertically compressed leaves, with transparent tissues (fenestrae). The representatives of this clade occur in Peru and southern Ecuador, with Peperomia dolabriformis as the type and most abundant species. This taxon is also among the most widely cultivated, genuinely succulent Peperomia. Due to the morphological variation, eight varieties are currently recognized. However, recent fieldwork and collection analyses suggest that additional taxa exist. A taxonomic review of this species resulted in 15 varieties, forms, and nothotaxa of P. dolabriformis, plus a new species, including eight newly described taxa. Peperomia dolabriformis var. dolabriformis is poorly known and absent from living collections. We found no significant differences between the type variety and P. dolabriformis var. glaucescens, thus we reduce the latter to a form. We provide refined descriptions of known varieties: P. dolabriformis var. brachyphylla, P. dolabriformis var. confertifolia, P. dolabriformis var. grandis, P. dolabriformis var. lombardii, P. dolabriformis var. multicaulis, as well as the most abundant P. dolabriformis var. velutina. We describe as new P. dolabriformis var. artatifolia from the eastern slopes of La Libertad, P. dolabriformis var. chinchipensis from San Ignacio, Cajamarca in Peru and Zamora Chinchipe in Ecuador, P. dolabriformis var. perglauca from Pomahuaca, Jaén, P. dolabriformis var. pseudobrachyphylla from the Calla Calla range, Amazonas, and Peperomia dolabriformis var. semicircularis from Ancash and the upper Marañón valley. Additionally, Peperomia catamayoensis is proposed as a new species closely related to P. dolabriformis, endemic to Loja, Ecuador. Two new nothovarieties are also proposed: P. dolabriformis nothovar. × intermedia (a hybrid of P. dolabriformis var. pseudobrachyphylla and P. dolabriformis var. grandis), and P. dolabriformis nothovar. × mixticia (a hybrid of P. dolabriformis var. lombardii and P. dolabriformis var. perglauca). Plants are illustrated and an identification key is included. The IUCN Red List conservation status is proposed for all taxa.
Uno de los subgéneros más llamativos del género gigante Peperomia (Piperaceae) es Fenestratae, con casi todas sus especies con hojas suculentas, comprimidas verticalmente y con tejidos transparentes (fenestras). Los re-presentantes de este clado ocurren en Perú y el sur de Ecuador. siendo su especie tipo y la más abundante Peperomia dolabriformis. También es quizás una de las Peperomia genuinamente suculentas más cultivadas. Debido a la variación morfológica de esta especie, se reconocen actualmente ocho variedades, pero según el análisis de las últimas salidas al campo y colectas, puede haber más taxones. Se realizó una revisión de esta especie resultando un total de 15 variedades, formas y nototaxones de P. dolabriformis, y una nueva especie, totalizando ocho taxones nuevos: P. dolabriformis var. dolabriformis es poco conocida y no está presente en las colecciones vivas. No encontramos suficientes diferencias entre la variedad tipo y P. dolabriformis var. glaucescens, por lo que la redujimos a una forma. Describimos con mayor precisión las variedades conocidas: P. dolabriformis var. brachyphylla, P. dolabriformis var. confertifolia, P. dolabriformis var. grandis, P. dolabriformis var. lombardii, P. dolabriformis var. multicaulis, así como la variedad más abundante P. dolabriformis var. velutina. Describimos como nueva P. dolabriformis var. artatifolia de las vertientes orientales de La Libertad, P. dolabriformis var. chinchipensis de San Ignacio, Cajamarca en Perú y Zamora Chinchipe en Ecuador, P. dolabriformis var. perglauca de Pomahuaca, Jaén, P. dolabriformis var. pseudobrachyphylla de la Cordillera de Calla Calla, Amazonas y P. dolabriformis var. semicircularis de Ancash y el alto valle del Marañón. Adicionalmente se propone a Peperomia catamayoensis como una nueva especie muy cercana a P. dolabriformis endémica de Loja en Ecuador. También se proponen dos nuevas notovariedades: P. dolabriformis nothovar. × intermedia como híbrido de P. dolabriformis var. pseudobrachyphylla y P. dolabriformis var. grandis, y P. dolabriformis nothovar. × mixticia como híbrido entre P. dolabriformis var. lombardii y P. dolabriformis var. perglauca. Se ilustran las plantas y se presenta una clave para su identificación. Se propone el estado de conservación de todos los taxones para la Lista Roja de la IUCN.
The range of Oreocereus leucotrichus (Cactoideae: Trichocereeae) extends from southern Peru to the Atacama depression in northern Chile. Based on three decades of observation of a population at its southern fringe of occurrence, we argue that there is a mis-match between pollination syndrome and the observed pollinators: the expected hummingbird visitors are absent from the study population region, and instead, the flowers are mainly visited by solitary bees Caenohalictus dolator (Halictidae) and Colletes sp. (Colletidae). Likely, the bee visitors are secondary pollinators that provide some resilience against reproductive failure as seen from the moderate fruit set. The flowers of O. leucotrichus in the study population show pronounced variability of style length, and the possible influence of the switch from hummingbird to bee pollination on this character is discussed.
El área de distribución de Oreocereus leucotrichus (Cactoideae: Trichocereeae) se extiende desde el sur de Perú hasta la depresión interandina del Salar de Atacama en el norte de Chile. Sobre la base de tres décadas de observación de una populación en el límite sur de su área de distribución, constatamos que existe un desajuste entre el síndrome de polinización y los polinizadores observados: Los picaflores esperados están ausentes en la zona de la populación estudiada, y en su lugar las flores son visitadas principalmente por abejas solitarias Caenohalictus dolator (Halictidae) y Colletes sp. (Colletidae). Es probable que las abejas sean polinizadores secundarios que proporcionan cierta resiliencia frente al fallo reproductivo, según se observa en la moderada fructificación. Las flores de O. leucotrichus en la populación estudiada muestran una notable variación de longitud del estilo, y se discute la eventual influencia del cambio de polinización por picaflores a la polinización por abejas en este aspecto.
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