Wang, H.; Yan, W.; Wang, J., and Duan, W., 2020. Exploring distribution rules and variation trends of precipitation in the upper Lijiang River from 1951 to 2016, Guangxi Province, China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 1–5. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the relevant modules of ArcGIS 10.5 platform, the singly independent precipitation datum of 25 hydrological and meteorological observation stations from 1960 to 2016 was converted into areal datum of different statistical units through multiscale transformation to study change rules and trends of precipitation in the upper Lijiang River. The variation coefficient and Mann-Kendall test methods were applied to analyzing the difference and significance of precipitation. According to the study, precipitation distribution within a year was highly uneven with an obvious difference between the rainy and dry seasons; the interannual changes of precipitation showed a slightly increasing trend in the high and low interlaced. The increasing trends of precipitation during the rainy season and decreasing during the dry season will further aggravate the contradiction between water resource shortages during the dry season and increasing flooding disasters during the rainy season in the Lijiang River basin.

Qiang, A.; Wang, N.; Xie, J., and Wei, J., 2020. Analysis of water vapor change and precipitation conversion efficiency based on HYSPLIT backward trajectory model over the three-river headwaters region. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 6–11. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The paper traced the moisture transport path for –240 h of the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) and calculated atmospheric water vapor content and Precipitation Conversion Efficiency (PCE) by introducing Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory backward trajectory model based on Lagrangian integral propagation diffusion model using the Global Data Assimilation System assimilation data provided by National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the ERA-Interim data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, they were compared and analyzed PCE with precipitation contribution rate. The results were as follows: first, the P_WV and P had been increasing trend from 1979 to 2017 in the TRHR, but the seasonal difference was obvious. They gradually decreased in space from southeast to northwest. Second, a height of 1000 m becomes the water vapor source boundary layer in TRHR, the southern flow (45.5%), and the northern flow (54.5%) appear below 1000 m; however, the western water vapor (75%) and eastern water vapor (25%) above 1000 m. Third, the water vapor mainly come from the west-oriented airflow brought by the westerly belt in the TRHR, but the backward trajectory variation is different at different altitudes and moments. Fourth, The precipitation contribution rate isn't consistent with the results reflected by PCE in the TRHR.

Xu, Z.; Wang, X., and Chai, J., 2020. Piping particle movement using a seepage test based on NMR technology. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 12–17. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As a kind of seepage failure mode occurred in hydraulic earth structures (dikes, levies, or dams), piping could cause dam-break in earth-rock dams. Additionally, although many investigators have applied many experiments to study the mechanism of piping, the initiation and development mechanism of piping is still poorly understood. In this study, a vertical piping test was conducted on stained noncohesive soil by an experimental device to measure a serial of parameters (the critical hydraulic gradient, porosity, upper particle size of lost particles, and accumulated sediment) in the development of piping phases. The particle migration pattern and change of porosity were then observed by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The results show that the phases of piping are controlled by the content of movable particles and the particle size distribution curve. Three migration types of particles can be distinguished by NMR results and stained noncohesive soil during the piping phase. On basis of the empirical formula between hydraulic gradient and flow rate, if it shows a liner that means the soil is still well graded during the piping; if it divides into two separate lines that means the soil is unstable in the range covered by the second line. Additionally, the critical hydraulic gradient is located around the lines' connection points.

Liu, C.; Chang, J.; Chen, M., and Zhang, T., 2020. Dynamic monitoring and its influencing factors analysis of coastline in the Laizhou Bay since 1985. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 18–22. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

It is significant to extract coastline quickly and grasp the real-time changes of coastline for coastal management and planning protection. Based on nine temporal remote sensing images since 1985, combined with GIS and remote sensing technology, the dynamic change information of the coastlines in the Laizhou Bay was obtained. The results showed that the total length of the coastline in the Laizhou Bay increased from 460.33 km² to 686.55 km², and the coastline has advanced 672.60 km² towards the Bohai Sea. The coastline was changing to artificial coastline in general, and it was mainly attributed to natural factors and human activities from the perspective of the factors affecting the coastline change. Compared with the influence of human activities, natural factors had less influence on the coastline change of the Laizhou Bay.

Shen, Y.; Zhang, D., and Zhao, Y., 2020. Progress on rural drainage water for rural revitalization in northwest China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 23–27. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Drainage water has a great effect on rural living water environment in northwest of China. According to some characters of rural drainage, the solution project on engineering technology and management measures is presented to develop the rural drainage water and living water environment in northwest of China. For normal rural areas, low cost technology of drainage engineering includes using natural ecological treatment systems with low energy consumption and paying attention to the recovery and utilization of waste water resources and low impact development. For watershed of drinking water sources, reasonable rural domestic sewage treatment methods should be implemented for different features of the rural areas. The methodology used in this for rural drainage in northwest China could be applied to other sites around the world that are affected by these extreme conditions.

Zhang, T.; Chang, J.; Ma, Y.; Sun, Y., and Liu, C., 2020. Study on the evolution characteristics of coastal wetlands of Bohai Sea in Shandong Province under the influence of human activities. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 28–32. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Using the coastal area of Bohai Sea in Shandong Province as the study area, the evolution law of coastal wetlands under the influence of human activities is discussed in this paper. The results are as follows. (1) The wetland area in the study area increased from 1990 to 2019, mainly because of the transformation from forest-grassland to a constructed wetland. The area of constructed wetlands increased significantly, whereas the area of natural wetlands decreased significantly. (2) The overall evolution rate of land use was on the rise, with the average value rising from 21.58 in 1990–2000 to 32.01 in 2010–19. The evolution rate from natural wetland to constructed wetland in the western region was generally faster than the rate in the eastern region. (3) The intensity of human activities in the region was different, and the dominant role of wetlands is inversely proportional to the intensity. The areas with higher intensity of human activities increased, whereas the areas with lower intensity of human activities decreased. (4) During the study period, with the increasing of the area of salt fields and the transformation of natural wetlands to other types of land use, the area of wetlands in higher intensity areas was small and increased, whereas in lower intensity areas it was reduced.

Xie, C.; Cao, J.; Chao, L., and Li, Y., 2020. Study on comprehensive assessment of water-resource safety based on improved TOPSIS coupled with GA-BP. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 33–35. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The water-resources security evaluation index system is constructed from the coupling system of water resources–economic society–ecological environment. The absolute ideal point and the I-FAHP–improved constant TOPSIS method were used to avoid the reverse defect caused by the ideal solution and its weight change, so the comprehensive evaluation model of water-resources security based on the improved TOPSIS method was established. Finally, the improved TOPSIS and GA-BP neural network were effectively combined for training and testing. This evaluation model is applied to grade the water-resource security state of Hunan province from 2016 to 2019.The results show that the water-resource security in Hunan province from 2016 to 2019 is in a relatively stable state on the whole, belonging to the range of relatively safe state and critical safety state, and the level of safety state presents a trend of steady rise.

Chu, A.; Tai, J.; Chen, Y., and Wang, B., 2020. Sediment budget of the mouth bar in the Yangtze Estuary response to the change of marine input conditions: A process-based model approach. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 36–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The transition of upstream or open sea conditions eventually leads to the change of sediment budget in estuaries and results in its evolution. In this paper, marine facies change for the Yangtze Estuary has been investigated based on statistics and harmonic analysis on the observed water-level time series at stations. The sea-level rise (SLR) rate and the main tidal constituent change were obtained for the estuary. Scenarios were designed to represent change of input conditions for the process-based model of the estuary. The net sediment budget of the mouth bar area in the estuary was calculated according to the cumulative flux through the predefined controlling cross-sections. The results reveal that (1) the SLR in the coming two decades results in sediment demand increase in the mouth bar area and restrains the seaward export sediment; (2) amplitude of the M₂ component increase slightly enhances seaward sediment export; and (3) the combination of SLR and M₂ increase responses for sediment demand increase in the mouth bar area, and 1.5% more sediment export to sea.

Tao, Z.; Chu, A.; Chen, Y.; Lu, S., and Wang, B., 2020. Wind effect on the saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 42–46. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Events of freshwater shortage occur in Shanghai under strong wind conditions in the dry season, although coastal freshwater reservoirs Chenhang, Qingcaosha, and Dongfengxisha have been constructed in the Yangtze Estuary (YE) as a freshwater supply. In this paper, the wind effect on salt intrusion in the YE was investigated based on a validated numerical model. The flux decomposition method was applied to separate salt transport mechanisms. The results show that mechanisms of Lagrangian and tidal pumping dominate in salt transport. Wind direction determines the wind-induced circulation in the YE and influences the salt transport. The Deep Draft Channel Project also plays an important role in the salt transport. The relationship between wind speed and the salinity excessive area rate shows the S-curve characteristic.

Qu, S.; Lv, J., and Liu, J., 2020. Visualization analysis for global water resources based on digital earth. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 47–50. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The rapid growth of population has placed continuous increasing pressure on water resources. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of water resources to make rational use of limited water resources and to give full play to the maximum use efficiency of water resources. To make rational use of water resources and to protect them, effective monitoring and management of water resources must be performed. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new method of global water resources monitoring and management, that is, the visual analysis method of global water resources based on digital earth. Through the three-dimensional digital modeling of global water resources, the visual analysis of global water resources is realized, including the distribution of water resources, water area, water resources depth, pollution degree, and other visual analysis, which provides effective means and decision-making basis for water resources monitoring and management.

Zhang, T.; Shen, Y., and Zhang, D., 2020. Integrated management of an eco-clean small watershed in the Qinba Mountainous Area. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 51–55. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

An ecologically clean small watershed of Qinba Mountain is important to protect this water source of the South–North Water Diversion Project and to reinforce the ability to achieve sustainable development. A solution project on engineering technology and management measures is presented to develop an ecologically clean small watershed and living water environment in the Qinba Mountain Area. Some technologies and integrated measures were presented for protection of the water source, sewage treatment in rural drainages, and protection against agricultural surface pollution. The methodology and results of the ecologically clean small watershed of Qinba Mountain could be applied to other sites around the world that are affected by these extreme conditions.

Sun, H.; Xu, L.; Wang, J., and Fu, X., 2020. Remote sensing monitoring of spatial–temporal variation of soil salinization before and after irrigation in the Yellow River Delta. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 56–60. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To study the impact of irrigation on soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta, changes in soil salinization before and after irrigation were analyzed using Gaofen-1 wide-field-view remote sensing images and the soil salinization remote sensing monitoring index. The results show the following: (1) The correlation coefficient between the salinity index and the measured soil salinity was above 0.6, which met the requirements for soil salinization monitoring. (2) During irrigation, the area of nonsaline soil was more than 97%, and the saline soil was transformed into nonsaline soil. (3) About 1 week after irrigation, the area of nonsaline soil was reduced by 11%, and the nonsaline soil was transformed into light salinized soil and moderate salinized soil. This study provides an accurate, efficient, and widely applicable method for the study of soil salinization before and after irrigation.

Yuan, X.; Wu, W.; Ye, F.; Chou, S., and Lee, Z., 2020. Application of a wavelet transform after signal differentiation in fault diagnosis. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 61–66. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Differential operations have different effects on various signal transformations. As a powerful signal processing method, wavelet transform has an efficient effect on signal analysis. In this paper, the collected mechanical signals are used to transform the original signal and the differentiated signal by wavelet transform, features are extracted, and then the clustering method is used to identify faults. The experimental results show that the differential method helps improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. The reason is that the differential changes the frequency factor in the wavelet transform result, and this frequency factor has been experimentally proven to have a certain effect on the signal analysis result.

Pan, G.; Li, X.; Luo, Q.; Li, D., and Zhang, Z., 2020. A reliability evaluation of marine power electronic devices based on performance degradation data and a competitive failure model. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 67–70. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper proposes a reliability evaluation method for marine power electronic (MPE) devices that considers the characteristics of high reliability, long life, and multi–failure-mode competition. Performance degradation data are used to construct performance degradation and lifetime distribution models of MPE devices, and methods of parameter estimation, goodness-of-fit testing, and optimization are proposed to solve them. By considering the coupled competitive relationships of multiple performance parameters, a competitive failure model is proposed to rapidly evaluate the reliability of MPE devices. The Copula function and Monte Carlo method are used to solve the model. As an example, reliability evaluation is carried out for a marine insulated-gate bipolar transistor. The error between the evaluation result of the proposed method and an actual statistical case is demonstrated to be small, which verifies that the proposed method is accurate and effective.

Tang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Hwang, E., and He, Q., 2020. Theory and practice of water resources balance sheet compilation in the Yangtze River Basin. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 71–75. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Drawing on the preparation method for a natural resources balance sheet, combined with the characteristics of water resources, this paper calculates the physical quantity and value of water resources. Considering the influence of natural factors such as water quantity and water quality and social factors such as human factors and policies, the monetization and marketization of the use of water resources will help in the establishment of a water rights system and the promotion of a paid-use system. This paper focuses on the analysis of the preparation method and preparation procedure of a water resources balance sheet and adopts the case analysis method. Taking the Yangtze River Basin as the research object, it fully demonstrates the preparation process for a water resources balance sheet.

Iddy, I.; Jiang, Q., and Zhang, C., 2020. Hydrodynamic performance of wave interaction with curtain-wall breakwater: Using the MPS model. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 76–80. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper examines the hydrodynamic performance of wave interactions with double curtain-wall breakwater by the laboratory experiment and numerical model. A vertical two-dimensional moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) numerical model is developed and verified by comparison of the simulated and experimental results. Then it is applied to investigate wave interaction with partially immersed double curtain walls at different immersion depths, porosity of perforated front wall, and chamber width. A good agreement is shown between the numerical results and the experimental data, indicating that the proposed MPS numerical model can successfully capture the essential aspects of wave interactions with breakwater structure and can be a useful predictive tool.

Jiang, J.; Qiao, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Huan, J.; Shi, B., and Huan, Z., 2020. Economical mechanical aeration method in high-density aquaculture. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 81–83. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Mechanical aeration is by far the most common and effective means of increasing DO concentrations in aquaculture. Because of the high efficiency, easy installation, and slightly lower price, the impeller aerator market share was more than 80% in China. The power of Biofan is only tens of watts, but it can enable a wide range of pond water circulation. Through photosynthesis of aquatic plants, the DO concentration in surface water increases rapidly on sunny days, and it can make the whole pond water rich in oxygen. It is far more efficient than other mechanical aerators on clear days, but it cannot play the role of emergency aeration, especially on rainy days or at night. Therefore, it must be used with other mechanical aerators. To give full play to their respective advantages, Biofan and impeller aerator compound applications are adopted. The compound aeration mode saved about 30% of the electric energy compared with the single aeration mode.

Qian, X., 2020. Security of China's marine energy transportation channels and american factors. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 84–88. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In recent years, China has built multiple parallel lines of land, oil, and gas pipelines and marine transportation channels through The Belt and Road initiative to form an energy transportation network that includes railways, highways, marine transportation, and oil and gas pipelines to achieve the diversification of China's energy import channels. The United States is sensitive and anxious about the growth of China's strength. It has promoted the Asia–Pacific Rebalancing strategy, implemented the concept of air–sea warfare combat, and proposed the Indo-Pacific strategy, which have a major impact on the safety of China's maritime energy transportation channels. China and the United States coexist in competition and cooperation in the security of the marine energy transportation channels. The prospect of U.S.–China interaction in the marine energy channels depends on the choices and efforts of both parties. It is necessary for both parties to jointly improve the process of interaction and seize opportunities for peace.

Li, Y.; Shu, Z., and Zhu, Q., 2020. Application of wave power generation in new energy. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 89–92. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Wave energy is renewable, and it has green environmental protection and rich energy storage. It has attracted more and more attention of many countries. At the same time, it is also included in the ranks of new energy. In this paper, the definition, causes, and characteristics of wave energy are summarized and classified, and the working principles and characteristics of various devices are described. Based on the above summary, the problems of wave energy developers are analyzed, and development of wave energy generation devices in the world are prospected.

He, T. and Kong, K., 2020. High-resolution carbonate variability in red earth deposits: Implications for water cycling dynamics during the late Miocene. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 93–98. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The late Miocene provides the chance to assess the changing boundary conditions on a warmer world than present. While the climate variability is well understood for the oceanographic records, the water availability and dynamics in terrestrial environment in the densely populated East Asian remains enigmatic. Little is known about the precipitation response to the Antarctic ice-sheets during this time interval. To understand this critical relationship between low- and high-latitude climates, we use a new indicator based on the carbonate variability in Red Earth on the northern Chinese Loess Plateau to reconstruct water availability throughout the interval (7.5–6.9 Ma). Our high-resolution reconstructions show that the carbonate leaching/reprecipitation cycle is dominantly forced by the astronomical parameter obliquity (40-kyr) that is in accord with the Antarctic ice-volume controlled oceanography records at ∼7 Ma. Supported by goethite and hematite records in the same site, soil temperatures and precipitations are fully coupled, interpreted as marking the climate pattern of Asian monsoon during the late Miocene. Cyclic correlation between the carbonate variability and the goethite, hematite data, reveal that the obliquity controlled precipitation oscillations were superimposed on a long-term increase of the Asian monsoon, which was synchronous with intensification of climate cooling, the declining of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and the growing of Antarctic ice-volume. Combined with the atmospheric- and oceanic-adjustments, we suggest that the cross-equatorial pressure gradient has led to the rise of Asian monsoon.

Wang, A. and Luo, D., 2020. Detailed planning for Hanjiang River Culture Display Zone of Hanjiang River National Wetland Park (Gucheng)—An exploration of the culture display–ecological environment system coupling concept. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 99–103. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper, taking a cultural display area project located in a national wetland park as the research object, explores the necessity and feasibility of introducing cultural display–ecological environment system coupling, an innovative design idea, into this project as well as the specific application conditions, effects, and other major issues in order to contribute to the benign development of the wetland environment.

Zhang, L.; Dong, Y., and Xu, J., 2020. Potential evaluation of ocean transportation supply chain based on CBR. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 104–109. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The choice of supply chain cooperation determines the success and efficiency of supply chain cooperation. Due to the particularity of ocean transportation, each participant in the supply chain must carefully choose partners. In this paper, structural equation model and case-based reasoning are applied to the selection of partners in ocean transportation. Based on the structural equation, the key indicators and influence path of partner selection are verified. The key technologies of application framework, case-knowledge representation, case retrieval, and weight modification based on case-based reasoning are proposed. Combing traditional algorithm and fuzzy set calculation improves the adaptability and accuracy of retrieval. Finally, we organize the initial case-base to verify the efficiency and quality of the new retrieval algorithm.

Ma, J., 2020. Consideration of the allowable groundwater discharge in a tunnel project. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 110–114. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Alteration to the groundwater flow system during tunneling may be irrecoverable, such as due to excessive discharge-induced groundwater table drawdown and impact to the regional ecological environment. It is therefore necessary and beneficial to specify allowable groundwater discharge during the planning and design of a tunnel project. A case history for a project during which the groundwater was mismanaged in the tunnel design and construction shows the difficulty of coping with the situation in an environmentally and operationally favorable way, especially for sections with a high-permeability belt or layer in the surrounding rocks. To drain groundwater in a controlled mode in a tunnel project, it is vital to specify the allowable discharge in the tunnel design and to control the groundwater drainage magnitude during construction and operation.

Ye, M., 2020. Constraints and solutions for harnessing and revitalizing water resources in Hubei Province of China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 115–118. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Water is the source of life, the essence of production, and the foundation of ecology. Considering the extreme importance of water resources, this paper takes Hubei Province as an example to study how to effectively solve natural disasters such as flood, drought, and waterlogging in inland river basins in China. Through in-depth analysis of the dialectical relationship between promoting water conservancy and controlling flood disasters, this paper fully demonstrates the great historical opportunities that Hubei Province is afforded under the national ecological civilization construction strategy. Finally, by learning from the successful experience of western developed countries in sustainable utilization of water resources, this paper proposes specific strategies of scientific development of water resources in Hubei Province as follows: constructing flood-control and waterlogging-reduction systems, optimizing water resources allocation structure, speeding up the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, and strengthening the sustainable development and recycling of water resources, as well as building a modern water conservancy management system, which provides theoretical reference and scientific basis for scientific, orderly, and high-quality development of water resources in Hubei Province under the premise of ecological protection.

Qian, X., 2020. Geological structure and oil and gas exploration of the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 119–123. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The continental shelf of the Eastern Mediterranean contains abundant hydrocarbon resources. With the continuous development of exploration technology, many large and superlarge oil and gas fields have been discovered in the Levant Basin and the Nile Delta Basin. The hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Levant Basin are mainly distributed in the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Tamar sandstone and Miocene shale caprock. The shallow-water area of the Nile Delta Basin has a high degree of exploration and complete production facilities, making it the best area for rolling exploration; the mid- to deep-water Oligocene section will be the main potential area for the future discovery of large- and medium-sized natural gas fields; the ultra-deep-water area has the exploration potential of large-scale Miocene and Pliocene biogas reservoirs. The discovery of offshore gas fields may quickly change the situation of long-term energy shortages and is potentially of great significance to changing the energy supply pattern in the region.

Yuan, H.; Zhang, S.; Chen, G., and Yang, Y., 2020. Underwater image fish recognition technology based on transfer learning and image enhancement. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 124–128. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To effectively identify fish targets in underwater images, an image processing technology based on secondary migration learning and the Retinex algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of few underwater data sets and unclear underwater images. This method only uses a small-scale underwater image data set to train the network, and the Faster region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNN) model can quickly detect underwater fish targets. The first transfer learning is applied between the ultra–large-scale ImageNet open-source dataset and the medium-scale Open Images high-definition fish dataset. Then, the Retinex iterative algorithm is used to enhance the underwater image to apply the second transfer learning between the high-resolution medium-scale fish data set and the small-scale underwater data set. Experiments show that this method can train a very effective detection model using small underwater image data sets at a low cost. The effect and performance of the detection model are far superior to traditional machine learning methods. This research can provide a certain reference value for deep-sea exploration, resource protection, and other engineering applications.

Yuan, H.; Zhang, S.; Qin, E., and Zhou, H., 2020. Aquatic animal image classification technology based on transfer learning and data augmentation. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 129–133. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A method based on data augmentation and transfer learning methods is proposed to address the problems of complicated steps, low accuracy, and poor generalization of traditional aquatic animal image classification methods. First, a deep convolutional generative adversarial network is used to enhance the data of the sample. Second, based on modifying the source model's fully connected classification layer, the weights of high-level convolution modules are set to be trained for adaptive adjustment. Finally, using the accuracy on the validation set and training time as the evaluation indexes, the performance experiments were conducted on various network structures and a different proportion of trainable parameters. The experimental results show that when the portion of trainable parameters is around 75%, the accuracy of the image recognition model obtained by retraining can reach 97.9%, which can be improved by up to 36 percentage points compared with the support vector machine algorithm.

Xie, C.; Chao, L.; Shi, D., and Ni, Z., 2020. Evaluation of sustainable use of water resources based on random forest: A case study in the Lishui River basin, Central China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 134–136. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The evaluation of the sustainable use of water resources is an important part in the study of the ideal allocation of water resources. Selecting relevant evaluation indices with diverse scientific characteristics directly affects the accuracy of the results of water resource assessment. A machine learning method, random forest (RF), was applied to evaluate the sustainable use of water resources in the Lishui River basin of Hunan province. Python software was used to analyze eight correlating indices of the data set, create the visual matrix diagram of the original data collection and distribution points, and then analyze the evaluation results of this method. Based on a comparison with artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM), the RF method evaluation results were considered reasonable and reliable with greater stability, accuracy, and practicability, and a classification evaluation standard rate of 99.6%.

Wang, Y.; Wu, Y., and Jiang, L., 2020. Application of interval information comprehensive ranking model based on entropy weight in river water quality evaluation. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 137–140. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this article, an interval information comprehensive ranking model based on entropy weight is established and applied to river water quality evaluation. In this model, the monitoring interval value of water quality index of river section is weighted with the interval data of standard grade. The weight of each index is calculated by using information entropy technology, and the water quality grade of each section is determined by comprehensive weighted ranking of each section and evaluation grade. The results show that the concept of the model is clear, the calculation is simple, and the evaluation results are objective and reasonable.

Zhang, L.; Dong, D.; Zhang, F., and Xu, Z., 2020. A novel three-dimensional mine area hydrogeological model based on groundwater modeling systems. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 141–146. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Three-dimensional(3D) geological modeling has received extensive attention and research in the fields of energy exploration, geological survey, disaster prevention, and groundwater simulation. In this article, a novel 3D visualization geological model of the mining area based on the groundwater modeling system (GMS) is proposed. Also, 3D spatial combination characteristics of the hydrogeological structure of the mining area are analyzed and investigated. To attain better optimization parameters, the spatial distribution of water flow field and the temporal variation characteristics of groundwater level are derived. The simulation shows that the model is of theoretical value for 3D visualization of mine geology and numerical survey of groundwater.

Hu, Y.; Yao, L., and Hu, Q., 2020. Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in Jiangxi province based on principal component analysis. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 147–150. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Water is the source of life as well as an essential factor for social and economic development. By analyzing water resources carrying capacity (WRCC), it can be determined whether the water resources in a region match its socioeconomic development. Based on related data from 2013 to 2018, the development trends of the WRCC of Jiangxi Province and its 11 cities were analyzed via principal component analysis. The results showed that the WRCC of Jiangxi Province had continuously improved, rising rapidly from 2013 to 2016 and slowing down from 2016 to 2018. Among the 11 cities, five had improvements in WRCC on the whole, and six cities showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. According to the specific situations of Jiangxi Province and its 11 cities, the causes for the changes in WRCC were analyzed. Based on this, relevant suggestions were put forward to provide guidelines for the reasonable development and protection of water resources in Jiangxi Province.

Deng, J., 2020. Research on the risk early warning of construction engineering under the coupling disaster of typhoons and rainstorms in coastal areas based on BP neural network. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 151–154. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The coupling of typhoon and rainstorm is one of the main natural disasters that often occur in coastal areas at present. It often causes damage to buildings, infrastructure, trees, and even casualties. Therefore, this paper takes coastal areas as the research object to carry out the risk early warning research of construction engineering under the coupling effect of typhoon and rainstorm. Based on back propagation (BP) neural network, this paper constructed a risk early warning model for building engineering, and established the early warning index system of risk, which contains 24 influencing factors. In this paper, 13 construction projects affected by Typhoon Meranti (1614) were selected as risk assessment samples, and the training data and test data of the model were obtained through expert scoring method. BP neural network learning algorithm based on error inverse propagation was used to train the model. The trained risk warning model was used to predict the coupled risk level of typhoons and rainstorms for a construction project in coastal areas. Through simulation calculation, the simulation results were consistent with the actual risk of the project suffering from the coupled disaster of typhoons and rainstorms. The results show that the risk early warning model based on BP neural network has reference value in practical application, which can provide decision support for government departments and relevant construction units to implement disaster prevention and reduction, and take effective measures to minimize the disaster losses caused by typhoons and rainstorms coupled.

Liu, Z.; Ling, M.; Zhu, T., and Xu, D., 2020. Deep neural network in safety analysis of maritime exploration equipment. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 155–158. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Safety analysis in maritime geological exploration is an alternative attack that exploits leaking information from physical detecting implementations in maritime detecting domains. Many studies investigated deep learning tools to improve profiled attacks against leaking data, Multilayer Perceptron Model and Convolutional Neural Network Model. Compared with traditional correlation attacks, using neural network assistants to cope with traces misalignment and the low signal-noise-ratio leaking data more useful. However, the efficiency of attacks depends to all hyperparameters adjusted to optimize efficiency and neural network structures with numbers. In this paper, the research utilizes different processing methods to demonstrate its efficiency with kinds of neural networks.

Yu, S.; Zhang, J., and Li, W., 2020. A novel end effector of environmental exploring robot with fully spherical workspace. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 159–164. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A large workspace is an important parameter to improve the robot's mobility and flexibility. Based on decoupled 2-degree of freedom spherical parallel mechanism, two novel end effectors of the environmental exploring robot with a fully spherical workspace was presented. Through workspace analysis, the conditions of the end effectors to achieve a fully spherical workspace were determined. Through kinematic analysis, the kinematic equations of the two end effectors were established. After size optimization and performance comparison, the input and output performance of the RR&P5R end effector is better. Then the statics analysis and finite element analysis of the RR&P5R end effector were carried out. The results show that the material selection and structural design are reasonable. This research provides a technical support for complex unknown environment exploration.

Shang, Y.; Liu, S., and Liu, C., 2020. Fuzzy evaluation on sustainability performances of selected Pacific Islands countries. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 165–170. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As vulnerable clustering of small islands nations within the vast Pacific Ocean, the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are faced with urgent environmental problems nowadays. It's important to evaluate their current sustainability performances and seek systematic resolutions for their sustainable development. This paper tried to apply the Sustainability Assessment Fuzzy Evaluation model to assess the overall sustainability performances of 11 selected states from 2005 to 2016. The initial results showed that most of the countries were at the intermediate and fairly high-level sustainability status. A ranking of 11 selected countries according to their overall sustainability index showed that Palau was the one with the highest level, while Solomon Islands were the lowest in sustainability performance. Energy use, terrestrial protected areas, and political rights issues are among major factors that influence the sustainability of the PICs.

Zhu, X. and Li, B., 2020. Convergence of efficiency of environmental pollution control investment in the coastal areas of China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 171–175. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the Slack Based Measure model of unexpected output, this paper estimates the efficiency of environmental pollution control investment in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and eight economic regions including coastal areas of China for the time period 2003–15. According to the difference of efficiency in different economic regions, convergence theory is used to study the convergence of efficiency difference. The efficiency of environmental pollution control investment in the northern coast, the eastern coast, the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the nationwide show obvious σ convergence trend. The internal differences in the southern coast shows an m-type σ convergence trend; NE China shows a tail divergence trend; and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, NE China, and NW China show a periodic σ convergence trend. Absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence of the efficiency in the nationwide and eight economic regions including coastal areas occurs.

Lyu, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Gao, Y.; Chen, Z.; Bai, S., and Zhou, J., 2020. Comparing bacterial community compositions in flourishing and degraded Pocillopora verrucosa colonies in the South China Sea. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 176–180. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The apparently healthy and degraded colonies of Pocillopora verrucosa were collected from Yongle Islands in the South China Sea (SCS). The coral-associated microbial communities were investigated. The prokaryotic α-diversity was greater in flourishing than in degraded samples. A significant difference in prokaryotic communities was found between flourishing and degraded samples at detected site. At the genus level, Rhodococcus was most commonly found in the healthy samples, and Ruegeria was the most abundant in degraded corals. For the environmental factors, temperature, TOC, PO₄^3–, and NH₄⁺ were the factors most associated with changes in the microbial structure. Functional predictions indicated that degraded coral featured enhanced microbial nitrogen metabolism and sulfur-cycle abilities and decreased carbon and methanol metabolism. The results here suggest that bacterial communities and functions are strongly linked to degenerative progression. These results imply that it is urgent to protect the corals in the SCS.

Liu, Z.; Ling, M.; Zhu, T.; Xu, D.; He, Y., and Liu, Z., 2020. Enhancing security of ADS-B systems with encryption algorithm in the smart ocean. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 181–184. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The smart ocean is an influencer concept incorporating digitalized associated ocean and seaboard cities. The construction of an omni-bearing smart ocean requires urban resilience, and the application of smart means can greatly improve a city's emergency response capability in the face of dangerous events. Aviation security is a non-negligible point in the construction of the smart ocean. The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) in the aircrafts is used to broadcast and transmit navigating data, including the call sign of aircraft, altitude in the airspace, current heading of destination, and other locating messages. This paper studies ADS-B security threats such as distributed denial of service attacks and proposes the use of an encryption algorithm to process ADS-B plaintext to improve urban resilience of the smart ocean.

Lin, F.; Yu, Z.; Jin, Q., and You, A., 2020. Semantic segmentation and scale recognition–based water-level monitoring algorithm. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 185–189. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Many water-level monitoring places are equipped with standard water gauges and cameras. Measuring the water level by image processing can work automatically, much better than manual observation. Water-level monitoring sites such as river channels and irrigation canals are usually in fields, which makes it difficult to recognize the water gauge. This paper imitates the human behavior of reading the scale of the water gauge and proposes a water-gauge image monitoring algorithm based on deep learning. A semantic segmentation network DeeplabV3+ is used to locate the water gauge in the surveillance image and to crop it. Then, the water-gauge image is divided into multiple regions by binaryzation and K-means clustering algorithm, and each region is recognized by convolutional neural network based on VGG-8. Finally, the water level is calculated according to the results of segmentation and recognition. In the experiment, the accuracy of the water level measured by this method achieves the minimum error of the water gauge. This algorithm has high cost performance.

Chen, G.; Wang, Q., and Ma, Y., 2020. Influence of the water state on mechanical properties of port sand. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 190–194. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development of China's economy, the role of marine transportation is gradually strengthened. The foundations of port buildings or transportation bridges comprise soil. The stability of foundation soil seriously affects the stability of coastal buildings. Especially in the northern region, the freezing or melting state of water causes great damage to the port superstructure. In spring, thawing and settlement of that soil will cause structure settlement, even causing cracking and collapse. It is necessary to study the influence of the water state on the engineering properties of foundation soil in port area. This paper takes the port sand as the research object, through the experimental method, performs the freeze-thaw cycle loading to the different gradation port sand with a range of water content, and obtains its shear strength law under various engineering condition. The experimental results and conclusions have reference value for the design and construct of port buildings.

Tang, Y.; Xu, J.; Zhou, F., and Sun, F., 2020. Construction of a primary market transaction mode for groundwater resources based on the principle of sustainable development: Jiangsu Province, China. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 195–198. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Chinese water resources are abundant yet remain insufficient per capita. Groundwater is thus becoming an important water resource. Taking Jiangsu Province as an example, this paper studies and constructs a sustainable trading mode for a groundwater primary market based on the principle of sustainable development. After examining different uses of groundwater, the study confirms that differentiated trading methods for water rights have been adopted since initial water resources allocation, combining a market mechanism with government regulation, and that the trade mode will promote win–win development of the economy and the environment.

Xu, B., 2020. Opinions on organic renewal and construction south of the Yangtze River guided by water resources and elements. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 199–203. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Key issues in the development of waterfront space south of the Yangtze River are analyzed based on the identification and analysis of traditional elements of regions in southern China, and a concept for renewal and development of regions in southern China is proposed that uses water elements as factors to activate the traditional village–town space. Based on full respect and utilization of the river network, this paper excavates important design elements, builds a planning and construction model for organic renewal of villages and towns south of the Yangtze River, constructs a target frame system from a new perspective that features organic renewal of the countryside guided by water resources and elements, and puts forward a development strategy, implementation approach, and institutional innovation under this integrated target system.

Ke, H.; Wang, A.; Lei, J.; Wu, J.; Wang, Z., and Zhang, S., 2020. Establishment of seamless chart datum and vertical datum transformation for hydrography with a combining geoid, sea surface topography, and ocean tide model in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 204–209. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The establishment of a seamless chart datum and a transformation model with other vertical datums are the key to unifying sea–land measurement achievements. Since construction of the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan scientific research station, nearby Prydz Bay has become a significant investigation area. However, it is still difficult to unify bathymetric measurements in Prydz Bay and topographic measurements in the station to the same vertical datum. In response to this problem, the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 geoid model, the Indian Ocean 2010 tide model, and sea surface topography model product of a satellite altimeter were used to establish a seamless chart datum and a transformation model between the WGS84 ellipsoidal reference and the chart datum through the fusion method, with a scope of –69°48′ to –66°24′ S and 70°00′ to 82°00′ E. The accuracy of the transformation model had been evaluated to be 10.7 cm on the basis of the error of each model and the law of error propagation. Meanwhile, the difference between the transformation model estimation and the field-measured value derived from a GPS tide was 8.8 cm. To some extent, this comparison result can reflect the accuracy of the model, but more field-measured data still needed to verify it.

Li, Q.; Guo, X., and Zhang, L., 2020. Bibliometric analysis of water resource management. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 210–214. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the Web of Science database, this paper systematically reveals a general trend of publication, country or region, and organization distribution; source publication distribution; frequently cited papers; co-occurring keywords; and time zone analysis of keywords in the field of water resource management (WRM) from multiple perspectives by using bibliometric analysis and visualization software. A corresponding visualization knowledge graph is obtained that clearly and intuitively shows the current situation and research hot spots of WRM research from a specific perspective. The results show that in the past 21 years, research in WRM has been increasing continuously. China's research on WRM is in the leading position, and “water resource management,” “management,” and “integrated water resource management” are the top 3 high-frequency keywords. These findings provide a knowledge basis for further research on WRM.

Zhou, L., 2020. Research on coordinated development of Nanjing Port logistics and hinterland economy based on gray correlation analysis. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 215–218. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Nanjing Port is the largest inland port in China, and it has played an important role in politics and economy for more than a thousand years. This paper takes Nanjing Port as the research object and analyzes the correlation between its port and container handling capacities and its gross production, gross industrial output value, total profit of large-scale industrial enterprises, gross output value of the construction industry, fixed asset investment, total retail sales of consumer goods, and total imports and exports. Suggestions put forward include optimizing its functions and enlarging its infrastructure construction and industrial park so as to further promote its development.

Xu, H.; Feng, J.; Ji, M.; Fan, S., and Ji, W., 2020. The seawater quality monitoring and data inconsistency processing system based on LoRa sensor network. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 219–222. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development of society and the influence of human activity, marine pollution, especially in the coastal area, has become more and more serious. Therefore, research on seawater quality plays an important role in mariculture, marine eutrophication, and algal bloom prediction. The large range and low power consumption conditions of some typical wireless transmission modes used in seawater quality monitoring systems, like ZigBee and 4G, make real-time data collection difficult. In this article, a seawater quality monitoring and data inconsistency processing system based on “long-range” (LoRa) technology is proposed. In the system, the seawater quality information is collected by the LoRa-based sensor network and transmitted to the cloud platform to perform data analysis and processing. In order to reduce the inconsistency of the data collected by multiple sensors, the algorithm of data inconsistency elimination, which is based on evidence theory and thresholds, is presented. The performances of the proposed algorithm and several other typical algorithms are evaluated through experiments. Simulation results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is superior to the other compared typical algorithms, and the LoRa-based sensor network can achieve a reliable and stable performance.

Wang, Q. and Fu, Q., 2020. Research on mechanical properties of Port Rock under different water conditions. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 223–227. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Rocks are widely used in port engineering, in applications such as port revetment and foundations of coastal buildings, so the nature of the type of rock used is important role in determining their safe use. Owing to the long-term effect of water on port rocks, the state of water has a large impact on them. There are cracks and joints in the rock, and water intrusion will soften the mineral composition of the rock, resulting in the decrease of rock strength. Under the action of low temperature in winter, the water in rock cracks freezes and causes frost heaving, which leads to the increase of rock cracks and the decrease of strength after melting. In this article, the port rock mass is taken as the research object, and the orthogonal experiment is carried out for the port rock with different water content, different temperature, and different freezing and thawing times, and the action law of various states of water on it is obtained. The research results have reference value for port engineering.

Xie, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y., and Dong, Q., 2020. A new method for ship control valve overload protection in complex marine environments. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 228–232. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The marine environment is complex and always changing, which brings additional load to ship's control valves. When subjected to additional load, the ship's control valves can break or operate abnormally, resulting in valve external leakage, which might lead to a marine environmental disaster. To avoid potential environmental pollution, control valves should have overload protection. To address the shortcomings of traditional valve overload protection methods, an all-electronic overload protection method is proposed. The method is based on the principle that the valve actuator always works to overcome the load torque, and the electromagnetic torque of the actuator motor has a one-to-one correspondence to the valve load. Therefore, calculating the actuator load based on the electromagnetic torque of the motor enables the valve to determine its load. Based on the load, the valve controller's built-in diagnostic program can achieve self-diagnosis and instigate emergency overload protection actions. This all-electronic overload protection has strong anti-interference ability, is not subject to the wear and fatigue of mechanical parts, and has an ability to withstand large loads. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed overload protection method.

Zheng, L.; Fan, K.; Luo, Y.; Shao, Q.; Hu, H., and Wu, X., 2020. Design and application of prefiltering seawater clarification system for small seawater desalination system in tropical islands. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 233–236. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Owing to the characteristics of the marine environment, seawater desalination systems of offshore islands in tropical areas will absorb more impurities, which often results in premature aging of the reverse osmosis membrane of the seawater filtering desalination system, such as air scrubbing tank and ultrafiltration equipment. This article proposes a design scheme of a prefiltering seawater clarification system. Experiments show that the filtering system can effectively reduce the operating burden of follow-up equipment and improve the efficiency of desalination equipment. It is suitable for popularizing this technology in similar islands.

Liu, R.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, H., and Zhao, Q., 2020. Thermodynamic analysis of multistage flash seawater desalination system. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 237–241. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this article, the structure of the seawater temperature difference energy multistage flash type seawater desalination system was studied, and the selection of the working medium, the thermodynamic analysis of the circulation system, and the exergy loss of the system were analyzed according to the system structure. The results showed that R134a refrigerants are more suitable to be used as working media in the system. According to the formula of the exergy loss of the circulating system and the flash evaporator, as the temperature of the surface seawater increases, the efficiency of the flash evaporator exergy loss will reduce. Through the analysis of the above-mentioned thermodynamics, a method for improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system can be found.

Liu, Z.; Ling, M.; Zhu, T., and Xu, D., 2020. Safety analysis of shrinkage monitoring equipment in marine resource exploration. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geoinformatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 242–245. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Encryption equipment in modern society is becoming increasingly popular; the existence of leaking analysis technology in marine resource exploration is also becoming a threat for protection of and leakage of resources. More and more oceanographic probes are using field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based parallel computing devices. Leaks of detection information can lead to the loss of national marine resources or even malicious exploitation. Stochastic approach and template attack are traditional methods to execute safety attack subjected to FPGA equipment; however, misalignment and noise among the leaking traces limit attacking efficiency. This paper, based on experimental studies combined with shrinkage denoising methods, provides ways to improve signal-to-noise ratio and the practical efficiency for attacking.

Xu, P. and Na, N., 2020. Study on antibacterial properties of cellulose acetate seawater desalination reverse-osmosis membrane with graphene oxide. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geoinformatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 246–251. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this study, an antibacterial mixed-matrix reverse-osmosis membrane was prepared by adding graphene oxide (GO) through interfacial polymerization on the surface of a cellulose acetate (CA) reverse-osmosis (RO) membrane. The properties and structure of a GO-CA-RO membrane were analyzed by infrared spectrometry and Raman spectrometry, and the antibacterial properties of the GO-CA-RO membrane were tested. The relative inhibition rates of modified membrane products on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 75.93% and 79.98%, respectively. The results showed that a GO-CA-RO membrane prepared by interfacial polymerization has a good antibacterial effect.

Liu, Z.; Ling, M.; Zhu, T.; Xu, D.; He, Y., and Liu, Z., 2020. Research on the influence and countermeasure of radio interference on maritime generation aviation. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geoinformatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 252–255. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of radio communication, the electromagnetic environment is becoming more and more complicated in maritime generation navigation. At present, aviation communication security has become an important work of radio monitoring. A plane flies at a fast speed, and the location of the disturbance may have certain errors, especially in general aviation flights at sea; therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine the region where the disturbance source is located, which may result in severe air accident. The uncertainty of the time, region, and nature of the interference makes it difficult and costly to find airborne radio interference. Therefore, scientific analysis of airline radio interference and timely taking of necessary countermeasures play an important role in eliminating civil aviation interference and ensuring flight safety. In addition, we provide two principles about aviation safety.