Jackson, K.; Wang, P.; Pluckhahn, T.J.; Rogers, J.A., and Thompson, V.D., 2023. Stratigraphic framework, paleoenvironments, and Indigenous terraforming of inshore estuarine subbasins in Tampa Bay, Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 779–815. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Tampa Bay is a karst-controlled estuary system on Florida's central peninsular Gulf of Mexico coast. Although previous work has reconstructed late-Pleistocene environments (ca. 20–11.5 kya) and early marine influence (ca. 8–5.5 kya) in deeper central portions of the bay, the estuarine development of the shallow inshore subbasins remains poorly understood. Across the late Holocene, Indigenous societies terraformed the coastal strand with large volumes of estuarine mollusk shell, and these anthropogenic landforms constitute coastal barriers that partially enclose marginal tidal bayous. This study integrates sediment coring and archaeological excavations to reconstruct the Holocene estuarine evolution of four inshore subbasins within Tampa Bay. This study synthesizes sedimentological, macrofossil, and archaeological data to describe and differentiate seven sedimentary facies and 18 subfacies representing weathered Miocene limestone at the base, overlain by late-Pleistocene freshwater wetland deposits, followed by Holocene estuarine sediments and late-Holocene shell-terraformed settlements. Four stratigraphic cross-sections and >100 radiocarbon assays are utilized to interpret the sequences of inshore estuary development, situate ancient shell-bearing Native settlements within a geologic and paleoenvironmental framework, and resolve elements of mid- and late-Holocene sea-level history.

Long, S.A.; Mango-Mutiti, C.; Mutiti, S., and Weese, D.A., 2023. Investigating the effects of increasing water salinity on an endemic crayfish. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 816–822. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

The greatest diversity of freshwater crayfish is found in the southeastern United States, home to nearly 75% of the world's known crayfish species. Many of the freshwater habitats for these crayfish are threatened by human activities and face degradation from multiple fronts, one being climate-related sea-level rise. This threat is significant for island populations that are unable to disperse to favorable locations. The goal of this study was to investigate the salinity tolerance of Procambarus lunzi (Hobbs 1940b), a species endemic to a small coastal region in the southeastern United States, to predict how sea-level rise might affect vulnerable coastal populations. A total of 171 crayfish was collected from a barrier island in Georgia and exposed to three treatments: freshwater, a slow salinity increase (salinity raised by 1.5‰ weekly), and a fast salinity increase (salinity raised by 3‰ weekly). Weekly mortalities were recorded and used to compute percent survivorship. Individual body masses were also monitored weekly and the average change in body mass between treatment groups was compared using one-way analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between initial body mass and the salinity level tolerated before mortality occurred. There was no significant difference in body mass change between the control group and the salinity treatment groups. The salinity level tolerated before mortality occurred was not correlated with individuals' body mass at the start of the treatments. The first mortality occurred at 30‰ salinity and 50% mortality occurred when salinity was >39‰. These results indicate a high tolerance to salinity that was unexpected for a freshwater species. The implication is that P. lunzi may be able to withstand habitat degradation due to sea-level rise given its relatively high tolerance to increases in salinity.

Heffentrager, M.L.; Wasklewicz, T.; Sirianni, H.; Gares, P.; Kernstine, L., and Richter, J., 2023. Reproducibility in coastal physical laboratory experiments: Washover deposits and channel morphology. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 823–835. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

The reproduction of physical laboratory experiments within the field of geomorphology does not occur often, despite the call to reproduce natural landscape experiments as a means of more accurately defining geomorphic changes across a variety of environmental settings. Reproducing published results not only supports prior findings but also builds evidence on geomorphic process across laboratory and natural scales. Overwash, the run-up of ocean water and sediment over a sandy barrier, is both a hazard when it impacts coastal properties and infrastructure and a natural resilience factor as it benefits sustained long-term evolution of the barrier island systems. Here, a coastal physical laboratory experiment that simulates overwash and resulting washover deposits is reproduced. The research objective is to expand the current knowledge of how these deposits form under different laboratory settings. Understanding the influence of the dimensions of a physical laboratory experimental table, sediment variations, and back barrier surfaces can give support to researchers planning future physical coastal laboratory experiments, especially those involving washover deposit formation. The results show that final washover deposit morphologies can be reproduced from similar experimental designs. Variations between the experiments resulted from confining boundaries of experimental tables. The refinement of coastal laboratory experiments, in tandem with fieldwork, enhances the understanding of overwash processes for both scientific research and applied scientific approaches.

Garrison, E.G., 2023. Sea-level evidence for a significant reduction of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in MIS 3, Georgia Bight, southeastern United States. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 836–847. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Recently, a hypothesis was proposed for a significant reduction of the central region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) from ca. 52 to 40 kYBP during marine isotope stage (MIS) 3. Corroborative evidence for this hypothesized reduction exists in the form of ages for higher sea levels in the Georgia Bight of the U.S. continental shelf, which have been dated to early MIS 3 using a variety of methods. These sea-level ages (15) were documented during ongoing continental shelf research conducted over the past two decades in the Georgia Bight and support the idea of a much-reduced LIS in early MIS 3 in synchrony with previously published geological and age data from the Hudson Bay Lowland of central Canada. The agreement between these data sets supports the need for a careful reassessment of late Pleistocene climate variability, ice retreat/advance, and a coupled sea-level response to both. This report reviews present and past research on paleoclimate in MIS 3 in order to place the age data in a broader perspective of sea-level and ice-volume drivers. Glacio-isostatic adjustment is also addressed as an important factor in near- and intermediate-field mantle response along the Atlantic coast of the United States to LIS ice loading during MIS 3.

Ren, J.; Zhuang, T.; Wang, D., and Dai, J., 2023. Water flow and heat transport in the hyporheic zone of island riparian: A field experiment and numerical simulation. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 848–861. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Water-level fluctuation is an important factor affecting the island riparian's surface water–groundwater interaction. An island riparian section in the Yueyang section of Dongting Lake downstream of the Three Gorges Dam was selected as the research object. The dimensional transient analysis method and the numerical simulation method of temperature tracing were used to study the water exchange characteristics of the island riparian hyporheic zone. The accuracy of the flow-heat coupling model is verified by the measured data, and the influence of water-level fluctuation on the dynamic change of water and heat in the island riparian was further analyzed. Four analytical models were compared and analyzed. The results show that the dynamic change process of island riparian temperature can be accurately depicted. The vertical temperature stratification of the island riparian is obvious, and the temperature field distribution of the island riparian is affected by various factors such as water-level change, temperature change, and depth. Compared with the numerical model and the four analytical models, the vertical seepage velocity of the island riparian was calculated by the amplitude method, which conformed to the law of groundwater fluctuation and had little difference. It is found that the time period for river water to recharge the groundwater of the island riparian is much larger than the time period for the recharge of the groundwater of the island riparian; the amount of groundwater recharged by the river is larger than that of the groundwater recharge of the island riparian.

Zulaikah, S.; Bijaksana, S.; Azzahro, R.; Daryanti, N.Y.; Wahyuni, L.T.; Sari, M.; Hafiz, A., and Yunginger, R., 2023. Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility and chemical composition of estuary mangrove sediment as environmental indicator of ecosystem degradation. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 862–868. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this study, frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χ_fd%) was combined with the chemical content of sediments for an assessment of mangrove ecosystem degradation. Sediments from three mangrove forest sites were characterized in this study with different environmental backgrounds, i.e. Wonorejo mangroves in Surabaya (WN), Clungup mangroves in Malang (CP), and Cengkrong mangroves in Trenggalek (CG), all of which are in East Java, Indonesia. The χ_fd% values, which indicate the distribution of magnetic minerals in the samples, were 1.94%, 2.52%, and 0.57%, respectively. Meanwhile, the low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χ_lf) was in the range of 44–1405 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1 with an average of 391 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1 for WN, 3–1400 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1 with an average of 313 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1 for CP, and 213–1261 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1 with an average of 761 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1 for CG. It was determined that mangrove sediment with an industrial or urban background, such as in WN and CP, had χ_fd% in the range of 2% or greater, with an average χ_lf of around 300 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1. On the contrary, mangrove sediment with an unspoiled environmental background such as CG showed low χ_fd% values of less than 2% and an average χ_lf of around 700 × 10^–8 m³ kg^–1. Ni, Cu, and Zn were distinguishing chemical elements in the three mangrove sites. For WN and CP, the average of these elements was higher than that at CG. WN was also marked by an abundance of V, Cr, Mn, and Fe. The magnetic minerals, based on scanning electron microscope analysis, showed some spherule shapes, especially for WN, and an abundance of crystalline shapes, especially for CG.

Ponmani, M.; Manimekalai, D.; Padmavathy, P.; Parthiban, F., and Manickavasagam, S., 2023. Spatial variations of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in relation to physicochemical parameters along the coastal waters of Thoothukudi (India). Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 869–879. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

The present study involves collecting seawater and sediment samples from two different locations along the Thoothukudi coast, namely the fishing harbour and the dry-docking yard, to analyse physicochemical parameters and bacterial abundance. Total heterotrophic bacteria, total hydrocarbon utilizer, total naphthalene utilizer, total phenanthrene utilizer, organic carbon, and physicochemical parameters were all analysed from the collected water and sediment samples to determine the condition and quality of the waters and sediments. Maximum counts of total hydrocarbon utilizers (15.5 × 10⁴ cfu/mL), total naphthalene utilizers (8.5 × 10⁴ cfu/mL), and total phenanthrene utilizers (11.8 × 10⁴ cfu/mL) were observed in fishing harbour waters. The highest total heterotrophic bacteria counts were found in fishing harbour sediments (15.5 × 10⁵cfu/g). Maximum counts of total heterotrophic bacteria and minimum counts of total phenanthrene utilizers were observed in dry-docking yard water and sediments. Higher bacterial counts were found in the fishing harbour with a high concentration of oil and grease, as well as other environmental parameters. A significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) was found between the bacterial population of oil and grease and organic carbon. This investigation revealed that the water column contains oil and grease, which promotes the growth of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria, as well as organic matter, which promotes the growth of heterotrophic bacteria. The current study found that bacterial populations had a positive correlation (P < 0.05) with the suspended matter, indicating that anthropogenic activities dominated the coastal areas of the Thoothukudi coast.

Freitas, A.d.S.d.; Pompermayer, L.L.d.O.; Santos, A.D.d.O.; Nascimento, M.T.L.d.; Saint'Pierre, T.D.; Hauser-Davis, R.A.; Baptista Neto, J.A., and da Fonseca, E.M., 2023. The geochemical sedimentary record of a historically anthropogenically impacted coastal lagoon (Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil). Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 880–889. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Coastal lagoons provide multiple ecosystem services worldwide. However, anthropogenic activities associated to land use changes and accelerated urban development has led to significant amounts of pollutant inputs, especially trace elements, into these environments. To assess land use changes due to accelerated urban development during the last decades the state of Rio de Janeiro, 15 surface sediment samples and one sediment core were analysed for the first time at Padre Lagoon, in southeastern Rio de Janeiro, with regard to radiocarbon dating, grain size, and pseudototal trace element concentrations. The age of the bottom core ranged from 470–314 cal yr BP determined by ¹⁴C radiocarbon dating. Pseudototal trace element concentrations were significantly different between the sediment core and the surface sediments and higher trace element levels were observed at the top of the sediment core and in all surface sediment samples, indicating high anthropogenic influence to the lagoon over time, both due to local urbanization and from atmospheric pollution from the industrial metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Liang, Z.; Ji, D.; Zhang, X.; Lingyun, W.; Zhang, T.; Li, S.; Yong, J.; Luo, J.; Liu, Y., and Zeng, J., 2023. Carboniferous oceanic basin sediment-gravity flows in the margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Characterisation and implications for hydrocarbon potential and evolution pacing. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 890–906. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Several Carboniferous deep-marine-sandstone reservoirs have recently been discovered in the Junggar Basin, NW China. These reservoir sandstones were deposited by sediment-gravity flows that occurred on the continental slope of the Junggar Basin, and they have high hydrocarbon exploration potential. In this study, careful observations and petrological and geochemical analyses of samples from outcrop sections of Carboniferous rocks from the Junggar Basin were conducted to establish the deep-marine sedimentary characteristics, depositional environments, and mechanism of these gravity-flow deposits, as well as a sedimentary model for their occurrence. The deep-marine, gravity-flow deposit types include those of turbidity currents, debris flows, and slumps. The debris-flow deposits can be divided into pebbly debris-flow deposits and sandy debris-flow deposits. Results allow the relationship between the type and nature of gravity flows and ocean basin evolution to be established. During the early Carboniferous, the ocean basin had sufficient space to accommodate incoming sediment, and the sediment transport distance was long. The gravity-flow sediments of this period are dominated by sandy debris-flow deposits and turbidity-flow deposits characterised by thin individual layers but thick accumulations of multiple deposits. With continuous narrowing of the oceanic basin during the late Carboniferous, the basin had a smaller accommodation space. The main types of gravity-flow deposition during this period were pebbly and sandy debris flows, with rare thin turbidity-flow deposits. These deposits were coarser grained than their early Carboniferous equivalents, and their cumulative thicknesses were smaller. The results of the study provide insights into the prediction of deep-marine reservoir sandstones and the distribution of hydrocarbons in the Junggar Basin.

Fernandez-Abila, C.J.; Fernandez, E.G., and Subade, R., 2023. Public perception of ecosystem services in the marine protected areas of Northern Iloilo (Philippines). Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 907–920. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

As marine ecosystems provide a plurality of values to communities, enhancing ecological integrity through marine protected areas (MPAs) will promote community well-being. However, because of ongoing dangers from human activity and other factors, successful management of MPAs necessitates careful planning and engagement from all relevant parties. As communities are the primary resource consumers, it is understandable that how people regard MPAs is also vital in ecosystem-based management. This investigation attempted to comprehend the value that locals place on community-based MPAs using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework. Interviews were conducted with 250 randomly chosen respondents from a municipality in Northern Iloilo, Philippines. Results show that regulating services for the development of the tourism industry, biodiversity for future generations (nonuse values), and research were the most important ecosystem services associated with MPAs. Sex, civil status, education, geography, and income are all elements that have an impact on the importance level. Therefore, as local governments and other resource managers formulate their local development plans and monitoring programs, they should base their choices on these factors.

Mansor, K.N.A.A.K.; Roseli, N.H.; Ali, F.S.M., and Akhir, M.F.M., 2023. Physical properties of seawater in Malacca Strait (Southeast Asia) during monsoon seasons. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 921–932. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Malacca Strait (MS) is a narrow passage in Southeast Asia mainly influenced by the Asian monsoon system. As a busy international maritime route, MS is highly exposed to seawater pollution, harmful algal blooms, and jellyfish blooms. To understand the physical properties of the water column in MS, scientific cruise data were used to examine mixed layer depth, stratification frequency, and water mass distribution during two monsoon seasons (March and August). Results showed that surface water in March is fresher and warmer than in August, whereas the bottom depth in March is more saline and cooler than in August. The mixed layer depth for both months did not exceed approximately 15 m for temperature and salinity, with thermocline and halocline layers observed below the mixed layer depth. The temperature and salinity diagram classified three water masses from the cruise dataset—surface warm water, mixed water, and subsurface water—with the potential density anomaly ranging between about 15.5 and 24 kg/m³. The highest density of water mass, subsurface water, was found only in March at a depth between 54 and 80 m. This cool, high-salinity water is the remaining NE monsoon water mass that settled near the bottom because March is the period of change from NE monsoon to SW monsoon. During this time, winds weaken and solar radiation increases, thus creating stable warm surface water. Strong stratification observed in March prevented mixing between warm surface water and cool bottom water. Meanwhile, August is characterized by a warm SW monsoon; thus, the whole MS is occupied by warmer water. This research presents the variation of physical properties in the water column and reveals the influences of monsoon season on shifts of stratification and water mass distribution.

Vasanth, K.; Muthupandi, K.; Naganandhini, V.; Kumar, M.; Krishnan, A.; Patolla, H., and Radhakrishnan, K., 2023. Effect of J-hook shapes on catch rate, efficiency, and hooking position of Needlefish: Evidence from Palk Bay, India. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 933–939. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

The efficiency of different shapes of J hooks No. 11 (nonoffset straight hook, 10° offset kirbed hook, and 10° offset reversed hook) in needlefish longline fishing gears was studied in 24 fishing grounds in Palk Bay, India, from, February to July 2022. A total of 24 fishing trips were conducted for each experimental gear for the comparative study, with 14,400 hooks, with a total catch of 582 fish during the study. The result was that the kirbed hook had the highest percentage composition of the needlefish (37.36%), followed by the reversed hook (31.79%) and the straight hook (30.75%). Further, the overall hooking rate was higher for the kirbed hook than for the straight hook (13.43% vs. 8.60%). Considering the catch rate, the overall catch per unit effort (CPUE; individual/200 hooks) of the kirbed hook was higher (9.08 vs. 7.45) than that of the straight hook, whereas for the straight hook, the CPUE of nontarget species (0.29) was much higher than that of the kirbed hook (0.12). In terms of the targeted species, the Ablennes hians showed the highest CPUE of 3.78 individuals/200 hooks followed by Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (1.78), Strongylura strongylura (1.38); the least dominant CPUE was T. choram (0.94). The percentage of hooking position in the jaw was higher in the kirbed hook than that of the straight hook (64.7% vs. 39.1%) and was found lower in the gut system (11.5% vs. 28.5%). Among the three hook shapes tested, the overall performance of the 10° offset kirbed hook was found to be better than the other 10° offset reversed and nonoffset J hook in terms of a higher catch efficiency, hooking rate, CPUE, and hooking position for needlefish (<0.05).

Sravani, K.; Ganesan, P.; Balasundari, S.; Muralidharan, N.; Chrisolite, B., and Dhanapal, K., 2023. Effect of different drying methods on the nutritional, functional, and bioactive properties of Gracilaria edulis and Ulva lactuca. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 940–948. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Seaweeds are considered healthy foods because they are excellent sources of proteins, minerals, essential amino acids, and fatty acids; have a considerable number of bioactive compounds; and have comparatively low-calorie content. Therefore, the incorporation of seaweed as a functional food ingredient is gaining popularity. However, excessive moisture levels are becoming a limiting factor for shelf life, leading to the exploitation of a preservation technique such as drying. In the present investigation, Gracilaria edulis and Ulva lactuca were selected and analyzed in terms of nutritional, technofunctional, functional, and bioactive components and properties to check the impact of three drying methods. The proximate components, except for fat, are significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the drying method. Technofunctional properties, viz., the swelling, water-holding, and oil-holding capacities, of sun-dried U. lactuca and oven-dried G. edulis were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of other samples. The drying method was found to significantly (p < 0.05) affect total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Escherichia coli is highly susceptible to methanolic extracts of samples, followed in level of susceptibility by Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although the drying method showed its effect on bioactive compounds, the seaweeds retained most bioactive properties, such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and functional characteristics, proving that both U. lactuca and G. edulis can be employed as functional ingredients. Among the drying methods, sun-dried U. lactuca and shade-dried G. edulis had the greatest potential to be used as bioactive food ingredients.

Rabehi, W.; El Amin Larabi, M.; Benabbou, O.; Kreri, S., and Dellani, H., 2023. Sandy beach mapping using a deep learning approach: Potential method for automated monitoring of Algerian coastal erosion. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 949–959. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Highly exposed to the Algerian stream and the growing sea level rise, the occidental Mediterranean basin is undergoing a repetitive case of erosion, especially on the Algerian coast where the sandy beaches are the most vulnerable due to the lack of their sediment supplies, a phenomenon caused by several factors such oueds/river stations and dams (sediment holders), but also the extinction of sediment sources such coastal dune eroded by extensive urbanization. In this critical situation of clear ecosystem imbalance, spatial mapping of sandy beaches is the first, key step for overall erosion monitoring on the Algerian coast; indeed, even complicated because of the radiometric similarity with several land cover classes such as artificialized and bare areas. The classical classifiers used in remote sensing are often enhanced by manual correction to provide an optimal result, which is time-consuming and cannot be reproducible in multidate mode as an automatic approach for the scientific community. Instead, deep learning methods can provide an efficient and quick tool for the extraction of sandy beach areas using a massif sampling despite the geomorphological variability of beach's sand. The aim of this contribution is to provide a large-scale cartography of sandy beaches over all the Algerian coast using a reproducible approach and open access data (Sentinel-2) to provide a largely missing national data and also to report the efficiency of this technic to the scientific community.

Yu, H.; Wang, Y., and Li, D., 2023. Using the AHP-entropy weight method to study regional marine economy resilience in China. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 960–969. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine economy has become an important part of China's national economy, but it is facing many constraints and disturbances from within and outside the region. Marine economy resilience can reflect to what extent the region will overcome these problems and achieve sustainable development. Nevertheless, evaluating marine economy resilience is a difficult task requiring considerable effort that is missing in the literature. This paper constructed the evaluation index system from the four dimensions of resistance, recovery, reorganization, and renewal and comprehensively used the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to make a quantitative assessment of marine economy resilience in 11 coastal regions of China. Based on this, the paper then explored the spatial and temporal evolution of regional marine economy resilience. The evaluation results reveal that the overall level of China's marine economy resilience from 2006 to 2016 shows a fluctuating and rising trend. The resistance ability is generally in an upward fluctuating trend, the recovery ability fluctuates little but has no significant improvement, the reorganization ability also shows a fluctuating and rising trend, and the renewal ability has the largest increase in the four dimensions. This paper puts forward three suggestions for the coastal province governments to improve regional marine economy resilience in terms of technological innovation, green development, and coordinated opening up.

Spetter, C.V.; Fernández, E.M.; Speake, M.A.; Abasto, B.; Carbone, M.E.; Garzón Cardona, J.E.; Fernández Severini, M.D., and Martinez, A.M., 2023. Indirect effects on tourism and water quality along the Argentinian Atlantic Coast during COVID-19 pandemic scenarios. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 970–983. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced governments to make drastic decisions, mainly about isolation and social distance. In 2020, the lockdown in Argentina lasted 37 days in the entire national territory and up to 280 days in some jurisdictions. The tourism activity at the beginning of the summer season raised questions regarding the influx of tourists and the impact of new security measures on the environment. In this work, different probable scenarios are discussed, including a pandemic expected before the summer season, what eventually happened, and how it could have impacted tourism and the water quality of the Argentine Atlantic Coast. A survey was carried out via Google during October–November 2020. The data (2017–2021) on tourist influx statistics for eight coastal destinations were analyzed. A literature review (2020–2022) was carried out, and the probable loads of nutrients, organic compounds, emergent contaminants, and other solid wastes (such as plastics) were evaluated. The results showed that the neutral scenario was the predominant one. Despite the decrease in the arrival of tourists to the Argentine Atlantic coastal destinations studied, there was a disposition of the population to travel and a strong preference for sun-and-beach tourism compared to other tourist modalities. In a pandemic scenario, the concern in coastal management is centered on the need to adapt wastewater treatment plants in coastal tourist areas to minimize the impact of liquid effluents as well as the proper management of urban solid waste. In addition, a set of potentially useful strategies for global environmental sustainability is proposed.

Liu, J.; Xing, L.; Shao, C.; Li, S.; Huang, M.; Weng, J., and Fu, C., 2023. Update to the Quaternary stratigraphic division in Xiaoshao Plain, Zhejiang, China. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 984–997. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.

Establishing a reliable chronological framework of Quaternary sedimentary stratigraphy contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary patterns of sedimentary environments and predicts their trends. Local exploration standards are essential indicators in the construction of a chronological framework for Quaternary sedimentary stratigraphy. However, many of the local standards introduced today lack detailed field investigations and comprehensive and in-depth analyses of geological investigations in local areas and still need further improvement. For these areas, there are significant differences in understanding between different researchers, and the absence of appropriate and uniform local standards will lead to misjudgment of geological conditions and cause much inconvenience in the design, construction, and management of engineering and construction projects. On the basis of this, Xiaoshao Plain in Zhejiang Province, China serves as a research subject and samples were collected by drilling and coring. The Quaternary stratigraphy of Xiaoshao Plain is tentatively divided into nine major layers and 22 sublayers following the local standard of Zhejiang Province's Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation of Engineering Construction (DB33/1065-2009) introduced in 2009. The geological age of some of the strata in the area and changes in the depositional environment were further explored through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ¹⁴C testing and microsomal paleontological fossil identification. Thus, the large stratigraphy of the Quaternary sedimentary strata of Xiaoshao Plain in the Zhejiang local standard is supplemented. Finally, in combination with the existing regional engineering geological survey report, the stratigraphic substratum of the area has been reclassified (the study divides it into 36 substrata). This study provides new ideas for the improvement of local standards for geological surveys and guidance for engineering construction development in Xiaoshao Plain.