It seems inevitable that chemotherapy will continue, at least in the near-term, to be a significant factor in the control of infectious diseases. The effectiveness of new drugs has invariably been reduced by the emergence of drug resistance. Efforts to thwart resistance should continue, but there are also other areas that might profitably be re-examined. They include (1) methods of new-drug discovery; (2) selection of parasite life-cycle targets; (3) epidemiological determinants of effectiveness in large-scale control programs; and (4) the economic, managerial, psychological, and political ramifications of drug discovery and drug utilization.