□  Follow all formatting guidelines. Double-space your manuscript throughout, including title page, text, tables, literature cited, and figure legends. Use a 12-point font, preferably Times New Roman, with 1″ margins. Format with line numbers if possible. Do not use right justification—leave right margin ragged.

□  Use active voice.

□  Give the scientific name at the first mention of a species, both in the abstract and in the article. Scientific names of birds should follow the usage of the AOU Check-list of North American Birds (Seventh Ed. 1998 and subsequent supplements in the Auk) or an authoritative source corresponding to other geographic regions such as BirdLife International. Do not give subspecific identification unless it is pertinent. Capitalize first letter of words in complete common names for birds. Use lower case for all other common names.

□  Use American spelling and Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary (2008, Merriam-Webster, Inc.) as a spelling authority.

□  Leave at least a 25 mm (1″) margin on all sides.

□  Use italic font for addresses, scientific names, third level headings, and some abbreviations (see below).

□  Cite each figure and table in the text. Do not repeat material in two forms (i.e., in text and table, or table and figure). Organize text, as far as possible, so that tables and figures are cited in numerical order.

□  Use “Figure” only to start a sentence; otherwise “Fig.” if singular, “Fig.” if plural (e.g., Fig. 1; Fig. 2, 3; Fig. 4–6).

□  Use metric units throughout.

□  Use these abbreviations without spelling out: hr, min, sec, yr, mo, wk, d, km, cm, mm; designate temperature as 32°C.

□  Italicize the following abbreviations: n, P, F, G, k, R, r², t-test, U-test, Z, z. Use Roman type for these abbreviations: AIC, ANOVA, CI, df, SD, SE, χ².

□  Use “continental” dating (e.g., 10 July 2012, 1–3 June, 11 May to 11 June).

□  Use 24-hour clock (e.g., 0800 H, 1345–1400 H)

□  Write out numbers one to nine unless a measurement (e.g., four birds, 3 km, 40 sites, 6 yr). Use 1000 and 10,000; 0.15 instead of .15; % instead of percent.

□  Each reference cited in text must be listed in the Literature Cited section, and vice versa. Double check the accuracy of all entries—THE EDITORIAL STAFF CANNOT DO THIS FOR YOU.

□  Literature citations in the text for articles, short communications, and letters are as follows:

□  Assemble manuscripts for regular articles in this order: (1) title page, (2) abstract, (3) text, (4) tables, (5) figure legends, (6) figures.

□  Avoid any unnecessary or special formatting.

□  Place the title, author's name(s) with affiliations and addresses, and the corresponding author's email address and phone number on the title page. For feature articles, add a running title (short title) not to exceed 35 characters. If the author(s) is/are currently at another location from where the work was done, use superscript number(s) following author's name(s) to indicate current address in footnote at the bottom of the page. In multiauthored papers, indicate the author responsible for correspondence and requests for reprints.

□  For regular articles and Short Communications, include an abstract of about 250 words in one paragraph that is completely without reference to the text. Be concise, include the paper's purpose, but emphasize the results. Statements like “results will be discussed” are not appropriate. The abstract will also be published in Spanish. Authors fluent in both languages are encouraged to include both versions; otherwise, the JRR will provide the Spanish translation.

□  Include five to seven key words for indexing after the abstract.

□  Avoid citing references in the abstract. If they must be cited, include journal name, volume, pages, and year, all in parentheses.

□  Follow instructions in section I.

□  Main headings are all capital letters and flush with left margin.

□  Typical main headings for regular articles are: METHODS, RESULTS, and DISCUSSION. An introduction begins the text but does not have a heading.

□  Put second-level headings in bold. Use normal indentation and capitalize first letter of each word in the second-level headline except prepositions and articles.

□  Put third-level headings in italics. Capitalize first letter of first word only.

□  Short communications and letters may or may not have headings within the text depending upon the need.

□  Type references in capital and lower-case letters, including all authors' names.

□  Put space between initials. Initials of second, third, and following authors precede their surnames.

□  In multi-authored works, put a comma after each author's name except the last.

□  The year of publication in parentheses follows the name of the last author.

□  Capitalize complete common names for birds only in titles.

□  Journal names should be in roman font.

□  Do not abbreviate journal names. Do not delete a leading “The” from journal names, except if the name begins with “Journal.”

□  Include DOI information only if the article is in press or can only be located using the DOI.

Example:

Henny, C. J., and M. S. Martell (2017). Satellite-tagged Osprey nearly sets longevity record and productivity response to initial captures. Journal of Raptor Research 52:180–183.

□  Book titles should be capitalized. Books and chapters in books should be formatted following these examples:

□  Online sources should be cited if necessary and listed in the Literature Cited. Include author(s), appropriate “title” of website, publisher or sponsor of website and the website address. Be sure the website address is current.

Examples:

□  Government and unpublished reports should be formatted following this example:

□  For works with more than 12 authors, list the first 11 and et al.

□  Verify all entries against original sources including diacritical marks and spelling in languages other than English. Capitalize all nouns in German.

□  Do not use periods in abbreviations (e.g., USA, USFWS, USDA).

□  “In press” citations must have been accepted for publication and must include date, volume number, and the names of the journal or publisher.

□  Cite references in alphabetical order by the first author's surname. List works by the same author(s) chronologically, beginning with the oldest. References by a single author precede multi-authored works by the same senior author regardless of date. Multi-author references by the same senior author are ordered alphabetically by the second author's surname (or the third author's surname if first and second authors are the same, etc).

□  If two citations have the same author(s) and year, list the references alphabetically by title, then assign the first one the letter “a” after the year, and the second one the letter “b” after the year, and so on. Examples:

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer (1998a). Estimating population change from count data: Application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Ecological Applications 8:258–268.

Link, W. A., and J. R. Sauer (1998b). Estimating relative abundance from count data. Austrian Journal of Statistics 27:83–97.

□  If two or more citations have the same author(s), spell out the names in the regular manner. Do not use the 3-em dash as a stand-in to repeat names.

□  Put each table on a separate page.

□  Double space throughout. Assign each table an Arabic number followed by a period.

□  Table headings should be formatted in large and small capital letters.

□  Use same size font as in text.

□  Indicate footnotes by lowercase superscript letters.

□  Do not use vertical lines. Use horizontal lines above and below the main headings and at the bottom of the table, but not within the table.

□  Print all figure legends on one page, double spaced.

□  Number using Arabic numbers consecutively in the same order the figures appear in the text (i.e., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.).

□  Use professional standards in preparing figures; their reproduction in the JRR is virtually identical to what is submitted. Consult issues of JRR for examples.

□  Plan figures to fit proportions in the JRR, preferably for a single column—printed size is 72 mm for single column width, 148 mm for full page width or 195 mm for lengthwise figures. Figures should be submitted no smaller than the final size nor larger than twice the final size.

□  All graphics and images should be scanned at a minimum resolution of 300 pixels per inch (ppi). Line art should be scanned at 1200 ppi. Low resolution figures or graphics are not acceptable.

□  Figure text must be a plain typeface (e.g., Helvetica), not compressed, and large enough so that it will be as large as the text type (8–10 point) when in print.

□  Photographs must be sharp, high-contrast, and approximately the size that they will appear in print. If several photographs are to be included in one figure, group them butted together with no space between.

□  Use the same style of lettering and presentation for all figures. Capitalize each word of axes' titles except prepositions and articles.