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19 December 2022 Community Reserves Serve as Refugia Sites for Cavity-Nesting Owls in Northeast India
Aritri Sarkar, S. Sangeeth Sailas, Santhanakrishnan Babu, P. V. Karunakaran, Honnavalli N. Kumara, Sureshmarimuthu Shanmugavel, Padmanaban Pramod
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Abstract

Community Reserves, which are Community Conserved Areas, form the majority of the Protected Area Network in northeast India. Because this biodiverse region is threatened by a variety of anthropogenic activities, Community Reserves likely serve as refugia sites for stenotopic, cavity-nesting species such as some owls. To test this hypothesis, we conducted nocturnal surveys in 11 Community Reserves comprised of primary or secondary forest and outside Community Reserves in Meghalaya state, northeast India. We then used nonparametric tests to assess differences in the occurrence of owls among these three categories. We found that on average, occurrence of owls was higher inside Community Reserves. Inside Community Reserves with secondary forests, we found significantly higher occurrence of the Asian Barred Owlet (Glaucidium cuculoides) and Collared Scops-Owl (Otus lettia), while in Community Reserves with primary forest, we found significantly higher occurrence of the Brown Wood-Owl (Strix leptogrammica), a declining old-growth forest specialist. Hence, Community Reserves are serving as sites of refugia for owls in northeast India. However, anthropogenic pressures such as logging, shifting cultivation, and developmental activities threaten the forests of the region. Old-growth forests are also scarce in Meghalaya and were present in only two of the Community Reserves. Therefore, we find it of prime importance to conserve these reserves, especially those containing primary forests, and to allocate more areas as Community Reserves in the region.

Las Reservas Comunitarias son Áreas Conservadas por las Comunidades locales y constituyen la mayor parte de la Red de Áreas Protegidas en el noreste de India. Debido a que esta región biodiversa está amenazada por una variedad de actividades antropogénicas, las Reservas Comunitarias probablemente sirvan como sitios de refugio para especies estenotópicas que anidan en cavidades, como algunos búhos. Para probar esta hipótesis, realizamos censos nocturnos en 11 Reservas Comunitarias compuestas por bosques primarios o secundarios, y fuera de las Reservas Comunitarias, en el estado de Meghalaya, al noreste de India. Utilizamos pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar las diferencias en la presencia de búhos entre estas tres categorías. Encontramos que, en promedio, la presencia de búhos era mayor dentro de las Reservas Comunitarias. Dentro de las Reservas Comunitarias con bosques secundarios, encontramos una presencia significativamente mayor de Glaucidium cuculoides y Otus lettia, mientras que en las Reservas Comunitarias con bosque primario encontramos una presencia significativamente mayor de Strix leptogrammica, un especialista de bosques maduros en declive. Por lo tanto, las Reservas Comunitarias están sirviendo como sitios de refugio para los búhos en el noreste de India. Sin embargo, las presiones antropogénicas como la tala, el cambio en los cultivos y las actividades de desarrollo amenazan los bosques de la región. Los bosques maduros también son escasos en Meghalaya y solo estuvieron presentes en tres de las Reservas Comunitarias. Por lo tanto, nos parece de suma importancia conservar estas reservas, especialmente aquellas que contienen bosques primarios, y asignar más áreas como Reservas Comunitarias en la región.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

© 2023 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.
Aritri Sarkar, S. Sangeeth Sailas, Santhanakrishnan Babu, P. V. Karunakaran, Honnavalli N. Kumara, Sureshmarimuthu Shanmugavel, and Padmanaban Pramod "Community Reserves Serve as Refugia Sites for Cavity-Nesting Owls in Northeast India," Journal of Raptor Research 57(1), 22-29, (19 December 2022). https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-21-48
Received: 20 July 2021; Accepted: 20 June 2022; Published: 19 December 2022
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KEYWORDS
anthropogenic pressures
biodiversity
cavity-nesting
Community Reserves
northeast India
owls
refugia
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