Post mortem examinations of 31 whistling swans (Olor columbianus) collected from the Lake St. Clair marshes in the spring of 1972 indicated that lead toxicosis and filariasis (Sarconema eurycerca) were the main causes of mortality.
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1 January 1975
MORTALITY FACTORS IN WHISTLING SWANS AT LAKE ST. CLAIR, ONTARIO
J. C. IRWIN