Two new species of Madagascan Claoxylon A. Juss. are described, and a key to the resulting 12 species now considered to occur on Madagascar and the Comoro Islands is presented. Claoxylon ambrense McPherson is distinguished by its combination of exstipellate, oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate leaves bearing only unpaired hairs, and pistillate flowers with sepals 1–2 mm long and suborbicular disk glands. Claoxylon stylosum McPherson is characterized by its combination of large, ovate, densely pubescent, typically cordate leaves and pistillate flowers with long stylodia (3–3.5 mm), which are fused nearly half their total length. As well, C. medullosum Baill. is relegated to the synonymy of C. monoicum Baill.

Anthurium clavigerum Poepp. var. corazaense Croat, Carrascal & Herazo is described as a new variety of A. clavigerum, a member of section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engl. It is found in the Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de Coraza in the Department of Sucre, Colombia.

El presente trabajo presenta una actualización nomenclatural de ocho especies del género Paspalum L. grupo Caespitosa. Este grupo incluye, hasta el presente, 16 especies distribuidas desde el sur de Estados Unidos de América hasta el norte de la Argentina. Las especies de Caespitosa se caracterizan por su hábito cespitoso, cañas simples y espiguillas frecuentemente elipsoides. Fueron analizados los protólogos de todos los taxones estudiados, así como sus respectivos ejemplares tipo depositados en 20 herbarios. Con el objetivo de poner en orden la nomenclatura de las especies del grupo Caespitosa, se han designados aquí lectotipos para los nombres P. acutissimum Mez, P. blodgettii Chapm., P. caespitosum Flüggé, P. chacoense Parodi, P. divergens Döll, P. simile Mez, P. stramineum Ekman, siendo uno de segundo paso (P. simpsonii Nash), y comentarios en dos lectotipificaciones previas (P. albidulum Henrard y P. portoricense Nash).

The lectotype of the Mascarene endemic Chassalia boryana DC. (Rubiaceae) is designated in this paper from among the most suitable original material.

Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. has been shown by morphological and molecular analyses to be polyphyletic. Most of its species, including its type, belong to Palicourea Aubl. (“Pal.”). Thirty-two species of this group are reviewed here, and 17 species in Psychotria L. are transferred to Palicourea and one to Rudgea Salisb. Two replacement names, Pal. agudeloana C. M. Taylor and Pal. tabayensis C. M. Taylor, are published. Taxonomic studies here clarify circumscriptions of similar, often-confused species for several distinctive species groups found variously in Mesoamerica and the Andes: the Palicourea aschersonianoides group, the Palicourea galeottiana group, the Palicourea sulphurea group, and the Palicourea tristis group. Three new species of Palicourea are described: Pal. aschersonianula C. M. Taylor, Pal. gonzaleziana C. M. Taylor, and Pal. wachterae C. M. Taylor. Nineteen names are newly typified, and infrageneric classifications are noted for the species of Palicourea studied.

A taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of the genus Andryala L. (Asteraceae) revealed that A. arenaria (DC.) Boiss. & Reut. var. ficalhoana (Daveau) Cout. had never been typified. Based on an analysis of the protologue and original material, a specimen at LY is designated here as the lectotype. The relevance of this typification resides in the fact that the recently described A. cintrana S. Talavera & M. Talavera is here considered a heterotypic synonym of A. arenaria var. ficalhoana. In addition, A. cossyrensis Guss. var. oligadena Maire & Weiller from Libya is here synonymized with A. arenaria var pinnatifida Lange ex Willk., leading to the extension of the known distribution area of A. arenaria.