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21 August 2024 Despite regional variation, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (Pinyon Jay) densities generally increase with local pinyon–juniper cover and heterogeneous ground cover
Nicholas J. Van Lanen, Adrian P. Monroe, Cameron L. Aldridge
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Traditionally, local-scale habitat relationship models are developed over small spatial extents, limiting model transferability and inference outside the study area. Thus, habitat managers frequently lack fine-scale information regarding the influence of vegetation composition and structure on site suitability or species abundance. Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (Pinyon Jay) represents one declining species for which managers have limited information regarding the influence that vegetation composition and structure have on abundance at broad scales.To address this need, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian abundance model using summertime bird and vegetation data collected under the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to explain jay abundance as a function of local conditions. Our G. cyanocephalus abundance model allowed abundance relationships with pinyon pine (Pinus edulis and P. monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) to vary by ecoregion, thereby accounting for potential regional differences in habitat associations. We found G. cyanocephalus abundance was generally positively associated with pinyon pine and juniper cover; however, habitat relationships varied by ecoregion. Additionally, we found positive associations between jay abundance and grass cover, sagebrush cover, and percent bare ground. Our results agree with prior research suggesting mechanical removal of pinyon pine and juniper trees for sagebrush restoration or fuel treatments may negatively affect G. cyanocephalus. Managers wishing to reduce pinyon and juniper tree cover without negatively affecting G. cyanocephalus may benefit from targeting sites where both large-scale distribution models and our local habitat relationships suggest G. cyanocephalus are likely to occur in low numbers. Additionally, our modeled relationships indicate restoration that increases grass cover, sagebrush cover, and bare ground, while maintaining pinyon and (or) juniper cover, may lead to increased local densities of G. cyanocephalus.

How to Cite Van Lanen, N. J., A. P. Monroe, and C. L. Aldridge (2024). Despite regional variation, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (Pinyon Jay) densities generally increase with local pinyon–juniper cover and heterogeneous ground cover. Ornithological Applications 126:duae036.

LAY SUMMARY

  • Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (Pinyon Jay) have recently been proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act due to range-wide population declines over the past several decades.

  • Drivers of jay population declines are largely unknown leaving managers unsure of which vegetation treatments might negatively or positively influence populations.

  • We employed a hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach to develop local-scale G. cyanocephalus abundance–habitat associations throughout much of the G. cyanocephalus range using vegetation and point-count data collected under the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program (2008 to 2020). These associations can inform restoration efforts to enhance G. cyanocephalus habitat and populations.

  • We found G. cyanocephalus abundance was generally positively associated with pinyon pine and juniper cover; however, habitat relationships varied regionally. Jay abundance was also positively associated and grass cover, sagebrush cover, and percent bare ground.

  • Habitat management that increases cover values of the above characteristics may aid in the population recovery of G. cyanocephalus.

Tradicionalmente, los modelos de relación de hábitat a escala local se desarrollan en extensiones espaciales pequeñas, limitando la transferibilidad del modelo y la inferencia fuera del área de estudio. Por lo tanto, los gestores de hábitats frecuentemente carecen de información a escala fina sobre la influencia de la composición y estructura de la vegetación en la conveniencia del sitio o la abundancia de la especie. Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus representa una especie en declive para la cual los gestores tienen información limitada sobre la influencia que la composición y estructura de la vegetación tienen en la abundancia a gran escala. Para abordar esta necesidad, desarrollamos un modelo jerárquico bayesiano de abundancia utilizando datos de aves y de vegetación de verano recopilados bajo el programa de Monitoreo Integrado en Regiones de Conservación de Aves para explicar la abundancia de G. cyanocephalus en función de las condiciones locales. Nuestro modelo de abundancia de G. cyanocephalus permitió que las relaciones de abundancia con el pino piñonero (Pinus edulis y P. monophylla) y el enebro (Juniperus spp.) variaran según la ecorregión, teniendo en cuenta las posibles diferencias regionales en las asociaciones de hábitat. Encontramos que la abundancia de G. cyanocephalus generalmente se asociaba positivamente con la cobertura de pino piñonero y enebro; sin embargo, las relaciones de hábitat variaban según la ecorregión. Además, encontramos asociaciones positivas entre la abundancia de G. cyanocephalus y la cobertura de hierba, la cobertura de artemisa y el porcentaje de suelo desnudo. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con investigaciones previas que sugieren que la eliminación mecánica de árboles de pino piñonero y enebro para la restauración de artemisa o los tratamientos de combustible pueden afectar negativamente a G. cyanocephalus. Los gestores que deseen reducir la cobertura de árboles de pino piñonero y enebro sin afectar negativamente a G. cyanocephalus pueden beneficiarse de seleccionar sitios donde tanto los modelos de distribución a gran escala como nuestras relaciones de hábitat local sugieran que G. cyanocephalus se presente probablemente en números bajos. Además, nuestras relaciones modeladas indican que la restauración que aumente la cobertura de hierba, la cobertura de artemisa y el suelo desnudo, mientras se mantiene la cobertura de pino piñonero y (o) enebro, puede conducir a un aumento de las densidades locales de G. cyanocephalus.

Nicholas J. Van Lanen, Adrian P. Monroe, and Cameron L. Aldridge "Despite regional variation, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (Pinyon Jay) densities generally increase with local pinyon–juniper cover and heterogeneous ground cover," Ornithological Applications 126(4), 1-13, (21 August 2024). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae036
Received: 12 December 2023; Accepted: 30 July 2024; Published: 21 August 2024
KEYWORDS
Artemisa
conifer removal
eliminación de coníferas
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
habitat relationship
Pinyon jay
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