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23 September 2024 Gene expression plasticity in response to rapid and extreme elevation changes in Perdix hodgsoniae (Tibetan Partridge)
Nan Wang, Catalina Palacios, Megan Brown, Teresa Raba, Jonathan Heid, Xujie Ding, Zhibu Ou, Nishma Dahal, Sangeet Lamichhaney
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity is a vital biological process facilitating the persistence of organisms amid rapid environmental changes. Investigating the genetic basis of plastic traits necessitates transplantation experiments, but much of the existing research has focused on laboratory model systems. Transplant experiments in the wild may provide better understanding of how plasticity operates in the context of real-world challenges. However, performing transplantation experiments in non-model systems, such as birds, could be challenging. In this study, we aim to develop Perdix hodgsoniae (Tibetan Partridge) inhabiting the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau as a suitable system to study genetic basis underlying short-term plastic response to rapid changes in elevation. We did a first attempt of field-based transplantation experiment by exposing P. hodgsoniae individuals to extreme change in elevation from their native elevation (3,623 m) to a low elevation outside their natural distribution range (500 m). We compared changes in gene expression in these birds at different time points, pre-transplant (day 0), and post-transplant (days 3 and 22). The birds successfully survived transplantation and exhibited well-being after 22 days. We identified a total of 715 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across these time points. Our analysis revealed a genome-wide decrease in expression following the transplantation, indicating that the birds possibly exhibited stress-induced transcriptional attenuation (SITA) because of the extreme change in elevation, suggesting a broader response at the transcriptional level, possibly as a mechanism to cope with extreme changes in the environment. Our analysis further suggested that heat stress posed an immediate challenge for the birds following the transplant, as we identified changes in expression in many genes associated with heat stress response. Our findings affirm the viability of conducting transplant experiments in the P. hodgsoniae and provides initial insights into gene expression changes associated with the plastic response to rapid changes in elevation in these birds.

LAY SUMMARY

  • Our study aimed to develop Perdix hodgsoniae (Tibetan Partridge) as a model for transplant experiments to explore the genetic basis of short-term plastic responses in wild birds.

  • We relocated these high-altitude birds (3,623 m) to a much lower elevation (500 m), outside their natural range. Over 22 days, we monitored changes in their gene expression and identified 715 genes that responded to the transplant, with most showing reduced activity, likely to manage the stress of the drastic elevation change.

  • Genes involved in heat stress response showed the most notable changes, suggesting that heat posed an immediate challenge for these birds in the new environment.

  • Our results confirm the feasibility of using P. hodgsoniae for transplant studies and offer early insights into how gene expression shifts during rapid elevation changes in wild birds.

La plasticidad fenotípica es un proceso biológico vital que facilita la persistencia de los organismos ante cambios ambientales rápidos. Investigar la base genética de los rasgos plásticos requiere experimentos de trasplante, pero gran parte de la investigación existente se ha centrado en sistemas modelo de laboratorio. Los experimentos de trasplante en la naturaleza pueden proporcionar una mejor comprensión de cómo opera la plasticidad en el contexto de desafíos reales. Sin embargo, realizar experimentos de trasplante en sistemas no modelo, como las aves, podría ser un desafío. En este estudio, buscamos desarrollar a Perdix hodgsoniae, que habita en las tierras altas de la meseta tibetana, como un sistema adecuado para estudiar la base genética que subyace a la respuesta plástica a corto plazo frente a cambios rápidos de elevación. Realizamos un primer intento de experimento de trasplante en el campo, exponiendo a individuos de P. hodgsoniae a un cambio extremo de elevación, desde su altitud nativa (3.623 m) hasta una altitud baja fuera de su rango de distribución natural (500 m). Comparamos los cambios en la expresión génica de estas aves en diferentes momentos, antes del trasplante (Día 0) y después del trasplante (Día 3 y Día 22). Las aves sobrevivieron exitosamente al trasplante y mostraron estar en buen estado después de 22 días. Identificamos un total de 715 genes expresados diferencialmente en estos 3 momentos. Nuestro análisis reveló una disminución generalizada en la expresión genética después del trasplante, lo que indica que las aves posiblemente exhibieron atenuación transcripcional inducida por estrés debido al cambio extremo de elevación, sugiriendo una respuesta más amplia a nivel transcripcional, posiblemente como un mecanismo para afrontar cambios extremos en el ambiente. Nuestro análisis también sugirió que el estrés térmico representó un desafío inmediato para las aves tras el trasplante, ya que identificamos cambios en la expresión de muchos genes asociados con la respuesta al estrés por calor. Nuestros hallazgos confirman la viabilidad de realizar experimentos de trasplante en P. hodgsoniae y proporcionan ideas iniciales sobre los cambios en la expresión génica asociados con la respuesta plástica a cambios rápidos de elevación en estas aves.

Nan Wang, Catalina Palacios, Megan Brown, Teresa Raba, Jonathan Heid, Xujie Ding, Zhibu Ou, Nishma Dahal, and Sangeet Lamichhaney "Gene expression plasticity in response to rapid and extreme elevation changes in Perdix hodgsoniae (Tibetan Partridge)," Ornithological Applications 127(1), 1-12, (23 September 2024). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae050
Received: 14 February 2024; Accepted: 15 August 2024; Published: 23 September 2024
KEYWORDS
altitud elevada
common garden experiments
experimento de translocación
experimentos en jardín común
high altitude
Perdix hodgsoniae
Perdix hodgsoniae
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