The genus Critoniopsis is found to have 18 species in Ecuador. The treatment includes the removal of a previously cited species for the country, C. bogotana, the reduction of C. sevillana to a variety of C. floribunda, and the description of three new species: Critoniopsis cerulosa, C. persetosa and C. zamorensis. A key for identification of the currently credited species is provided and notes on the distribution and taxonomic problems are presented.

The genus Strobocalyx is resurrected from the synonymy of Gymnanthemum and Vernonia, and the genus Tarlmounia is described. Both of these Asian and Malaysian genera have distinct stylar nodes, blunt stylar hairs and specialized tricolporate, echinate pollen. Strobocalyx is typified by the Asian and Indonesian S. arborea, and combinations are provided for the 6 other East Asian and Malaysian species: Vernonia bockiana, V. chunii, V. esculenta, V. solanifolia, V. sylvatica and V. vidalii. Tarlmounia contains only Vernonia elliptica.

A new eutardigrade, Doryphoribius mexicanus, new species, is described from a moss sample collected in Mexico. The new species is most similar to D. bertolanii Beasley & Pilato, 1987 but differs from it by different configuration and lengths of the macroplacoids, longer secondary branches of claws in the respect to the primary branches and some other morphometric characters.

Two new species of Hypsibiidae are described with figures. Hypsibius shaanxiensis, new species, is similar to H. septulatus Pilato, Binda, Napolitano & Moncada, 2004, but differs in lacking the septulum. Mixibius tibetanus, new species, differs from other species of Mixibius by possessing three macroplacoids and cuticular bars near the base of the internal claws on the first three pair of legs.

Procambarus pentastylus, a new crayfish of the subgenus Pennides, is described from the Calcasieu River drainage of southwestern Louisiana. The species formerly was confused with Procambarus dupratzi Penn, 1953 but differs in several details of the form I male pleopod, including shorter terminal elements and the presence of a large adventitious process (here termed the pentastyle) mesial to the central projection. Procambarus dupratzi as here restricted is known only from the Sabine, Neches, and Trinity River drainages in Louisiana and Texas. A key to form I males of Pennides species known from west of the Mississippi River is presented.

A new species of crayfish, Orconectes taylori, is described from tributaries of the North Fork Obion River in western Tennessee (common name: Crescent Crayfish). It occurs in small to medium size sandy bottom streams, and is found in leaf litter and woody debris along the banks. It belongs to the subgenus Trisellescens Bouchard & Bouchard, 1995 and can be distinguished from other species in the group by a combination of the length and curvature of the central projection of the form I gonopod, carina on the rostrum, appressed tubercles on the margin of the palm of the chela, and width of the areola. In the course of this study, a new drainage record was obtained for Orconectes pagei Taylor & Sabaj, 1997 formerly thought to occur only in tributaries of the Tennessee River in western Tennessee

The sergestid genus Sergestes is restricted in definition, and five new genera erected: Allosergestes, Deosergestes, Eusergestes, Neosergestes, and Parasergestes. These are defined in terms of 23 morphological characters, including features of the appendages, luminescent organs, and petasmata. The species belonging to each are listed, and the type species for each designated. Diagnoses for the remaining genera in the family, Acetes, Peisos, Petalidium, Sergia and Sicyonella are supplied. A key to the 11 currently recognized sergestid genera is provided.

Haplostomides gottoi, new species, is described on the basis of females living in the compound ascidian Polyclinum ?insulsum Sluiter collected in Madagascar (Nossi Mitsio). Among nine known species of the genus (Haplostomatinae), the new species closely resembles H. hibernicus (Scott & Scott, 1895); both species have the same armature formula for legs 1–4. However, H. gottoi is distinguishable from H. hibernicus (H. h.) primarily by the following characters: body much more elongated; antenna with 4 spines (2, in H. h.); maxillule with 3 setae on precoxa and 6 setae on palp (2 and 4, in H. h.); in legs 1–4, terminal and subterminal spines on exopod not fused at base (fused, in H. h.).

A new species of Paravargula is described from Princess Charlotte Bay, northeastern Australia. Members of the genus are widespread in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but the genus was not previously known from Australia. The genus is divided into the HIRSUTA and ARBOREA Groups and a key is presented to the species in the latter group, which contains Paravargula karenae, new species.

The three genera of Odontellidae lacking ocelli and tenaculum (Pseudostachia, Stachia, Stachiomella) are reappraised, and type specimens of Stachia minuta and Stachiomella oxfordia are redescribed. All described Pseudostachia spp. are transferred to Stachia. Stachia tasgola, new species is described from North Carolina and Michigan.

Three new species of the Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther) species complex that are endemic to Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua are described. The new species differ from previously described members of this complex in other lakes, are phenotypically distinct, and assortatively mate in Lake Apoyo. The presence of endemic cichlids in each of the crater lakes suggests that sympatric speciation occurred. A key is presented for the species of Amphilophus found in Lake Apoyo.

Bermuteo avivorus, new genus and species, is described from rare Quaternary fossils from the island of Bermuda. Although clearly referable to the Buteoninae, its relationships within that group are difficult to assess. Considerable size variation may be attributable to sexual dimorphism associated with bird-catching behavior. It is uncertain if the species survived into the historic period. Factors contributing to the rarity of hawk remains in the fossil record of Bermuda are discussed. One fragmentary ulna is from a larger hawk, possibly the Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis.