Thirty-three species are recognized in the genus Acilepis with new combinations provided for A. attenuata, A. chiangdaoensis, A. divergens, A. doichangensis, A. fysonii, A. gardneri, A. heynei, A. kingii, A. lobbii, A. namnaoensis, A. nayarii, A. nemoralis, A. ngaoensis, A. ornata, A. peguensis, A. peninsularis, A. principis, A. pseudosutepensis, A. setigera, A. sutepensis, A. thwaitesii, A. tonkinensis, and A. virgata. Acilepis belcheri is described as new. The rhizomiform structure of the pollen muri is discussed and compared with other Vernonieae in Old World Erlangeinae and in New World Lepidaploinae with similar muri.

A new Asian genus of Vernonieae, Khasianthus, is named for Vernonia subsessilis DC. It is most closely related to the primarily African genus Baccharoides Moench.

The genus Uniyala, of southern India and Sri Lanka, is described as new for seven shrubby species, previously placed in Vernonia, with 4- or 5-costate achenes and blunt sweeping hairs on the style branches. The new combinations are Uniyala anceps, U. bourdillonii, U. comorinensis, U. multibracteata, U. ramaswamii, U. salvifolia, and U. wightiana.

The genus Oligactis (Kunth) Cass. is divided into two genera based on the two former subgenera and a new name was necessary for the non-typical subgenus. DNA sequence data have shown that these two groups are not sister taxa and that each is easily defined by morphological characters that include differences in the habit, position of the inflorescence, and the pubescence of the style branches. Sampera, with eight species, is named in honor of Dr. Cristián Samper, Director of the Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

The first observation in the North Atlantic Ocean of the deep sea squid Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (family Chiroteuthidae) is reported here from off the coast of Key West, Florida in the Straits of Florida. We describe the morphology of the two nearly complete, but damaged, specimens. A third record is based on photographs of a specimen from off Grand Cayman Island; this specimen was not available for examination. The multiple occurrences of this species, heretofore unknown in the North Atlantic Ocean, within a 10-month period are so unusual that we attempt to hypothesize an explanation for these events. All previously known records are recorded from a few specimens scattered from Hawaii to the Philippines. The present specimens were identified by the following characteristics unique to the species: Y-shaped funnel locking apparatus, sucker ring form and dentition, beak morphology, photophore patch configuration on ventral surface of eyeballs, and numerous small cartilaginous tubercles that cover the mantle, head and the aboral surface of the arms.

Four juvenile instars of Deeveya medix (Instars I, II, III, and V) from marine caves and blue holes in the Bahamas are described and illustrated. The ontogeny of the species is compared with that of D. spiralis Kornicker & Iliffe, 1985, and D. bransoni Kornicker & Palmer, 1987 and found to be similar. Criteria are presented for identifying stages of species of Deeveya. Each lamella of the furca of known species of Deeveya bears 3 claws on instar I, 4 on instar II, 5 on instar III, 6 on instar IV, and 7 on instar V and the adult.

Historical confusion about the dates of publication by Carton in 1970 of two papers in which the genus Paranicothoe was discussed has led to the incorrect perception that the type species of the genus is Paranicothoe cladocera Carton, 1970b. This species was a nomen nudum in the publication where the genus was first made available, so the type species must be the only available species name in Carton (1970a), which is Nicothoe procircularis Carton, 1967. Recognition of this change in the type species for the genus means that Pseudonicothoe Avdeev & Avdeev, 1978 is a junior synonym of Paranicothoe, and a new genus, proposed herein, is needed to accommodate Paranicothoe cladocera. The female type specimen of Paranicothoe cladocera, which is actually an isopod, is referred to Cabirops orbionei Bourdon, 1972.

Rhizothrix sejongi Nam & Lee, 2005 was originally described from a sandy beach at Sangju, south coast of Korea. Upon reexamination of the paratypes of the species, an error in the description of the first swimming leg was discovered. We redescribe this leg, which is clearly armed with an inner spiniform seta and amend the key to species of the genus Rhizothrix.

Two asellid isopods were described from Nickajack Cave, Tennessee: Caecidotea nickajackensis Packard (in Cope & Packard 1881) and Caecidotea richardsonae Hay (1901). It was long assumed that only one species was actually present in the cave, but Packard's type specimens were lost and the inundation of the cave by a Tennessee Valley Authority impoundment in 1967 eliminated the possibility of collecting additional specimens. Further confusion was created when specimens from Metcalf, Georgia were erroneously identified by Richardson as C. nickajackensis, then redescribed as that species by Steeves (1964). Examination of Hay's type specimens as well as a 1967 collection from Nickajack Cave now confirms the presence of two taxa. The name Caecidotea nickajackensis is applied to the Nickajack Cave asellid represented in the 1967 collection, whereas Caecidotea richardsonae is applied to the species represented in Hay's collection. Caecidotea catachaetus (Fleming & Steeves) is considered a junior synonym of C. richardsonae. Caecidotea putea, n. sp., is proposed as a valid name for the asellid from Metcalf, Georgia described by Steeves (1964).

Eight species among six genera of bopyrid isopods (representing the subfamilies Pseudioninae and Ioninae) infesting thalassinideans from China are reported. Of these, four species are new to science: Gyge fujianensis n. sp., Progebiophilus elongatus n. sp., Upogebione bidigitatus n. sp., and Procepon liuruiyui n. sp., infesting Upogebia major (de Haan), Nihonotrypaea japonica Ortmann, Upogebia carinicauda (Stimpson), and Austinogebia wuhsienweni (Yu). One species, Ione cornuta Bate, 1864, is recorded for the first time from Chinese waters and from a new host. Pseudione longicauda Shiino, 1937, Gyge ovalis (Shiino, 1939), and Progebiophilus sinicus Markham, 1982, previously known from Hong Kong or Taiwan, are recorded for the first time from mainland China, extending their range north.