The genera comprising the Diglyphosematini Belizin (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) are redescribed, all of the valid species are cataloged, and a key to all Diglyphosematini genera is provided. To determine the monophyly of each of the included genera, a phylogenetic analysis of 1060 ribosomal characters, 392 mitochondrial characters, and 169 morphological/biological characters was conducted for 18 ingroup taxa in both a parsimony and Bayesian framework. Based on the results presented here and elsewhere, the Diglyphosematini are comprised of the following genera: Banacuniculus Buffington, Diglyphosema Förster, Disorygma Förster, Ealata Quinlan, Ganaspidium Weld, Gronotoma Förster, Microstilba Förster, Nordlanderia Quinlan, Paradiglyphosema Lin, and Tobiasiana Kovalev. Disorygma was not recovered as monophyletic; Sinatra Buffington, new genus, also included in Diglyphosematini, is described to accommodate S. pacifica (Yoshimoto). Nordlanderia, revised status, is removed from synonymy with Tobiasiana. Characters and character states applicable specifically to Diglyphosematini are defined and illustrated. Characters supporting the monophyly of each genus are discussed. All species of Diglyphosematini whose biology has been studied in depth are parasitoids of leafmining and stem-mining Agromyzidae (Diptera), or rarely, of fruit infesting Tephritidae (Diptera). New host records for Diglyphosema and Ealata, as well distributions and known type repositories for each species of Diglyphosematini, are reported.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:603275DE-9AE3-40C6-8AD7-6A2AF7485F35

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAC4DBAE-18A1-494B-91AF-8E96C09D2433

Based on observations from specimens collected in Idaho, the adult trophic status of the giant lacewing Polystoechotes punctatus (F.) is confirmed to be carnivorous. The male reproductive organs are described and compared to published descriptions of other neuropterans, showing few dissimilarities, except in number and placement of accessory glands and the reflexed nature of the first accessory gland in P. punctatus. The collection of associated mites is reported for the first time.

Two new species of the predaceous midge genus Amerohelea Grogan and Wirth are described and illustrated from Argentina: Amerohelea paranaensis, Gaddi, Spinelli and Grogan, new species, from the subtropical forest zone of Misiones Province, and Amerohelea xerophila, Gaddi, Spinelli and Grogan, new species, from arid regions in San Luis, Córdoba and Río Negro provinces. The male of A. paranaensis exhibits a tuft of stout setae on the ventral surface of tarsomere 1 of the foreleg, a character previously unknown in the genus. A key is provided for males and females of all species of Amerohelea.

Athalia cornubiae Benson, an Old World species that feeds on Sedum (Crassulaceae), is reported from North America. It was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap in East Syracuse, Onondaga Co., New York, U.S.A. in 2007 and found in Malaise trap collections at a residence in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in 2010. This is the first record of both the genus and species in the Western Hemisphere.

The Asian buprestid Agrilus subrobustus Saunders was first recorded from North America on the basis of three adults taken in sticky traps at a site in northwestern Georgia in 2006; nine adults since have been trapped at a site in eastern Tennessee. We collected adults of A. subrobustus by beating branches of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) trees in the Southeast in 2007 (2 specimens) and 2010 (119 specimens). The collections represent the first records from Alabama (11 counties) and South Carolina (3 counties) and add to new records for Georgia (11 counties) and Tennessee (1 county). We map the known U.S. distribution of A. subrobustus and provide a description, diagnosis, photographs of the male genitalia, and color photographs of the adult to facilitate recognition of this adventive buprestid in the North American fauna.

Minois nagasawae (Matsumua) is a relict species inhabiting the alpine zones of Taiwan. The genus belongs to the “Satyrus series,” which is primarily Eurasian in distribution. We present the first observations of its host plants, biology, and morphology of the early stages. Two species of grasses, Brachypodium kawakamii and Deschampsia caespitosa (both Poaceae), were recorded as larval host plants. We confirmed that the eggs of M. nagasawae are dropped freely without attachment to the substrate and that five instars are required to complete larval development. Obligate winter diapause occurs in the larval stage, usually in the first or second instar. This biology is highly consistent with the closely related, temperate species Minois dryas (Scopoli), suggesting that M. nagasawae retains biological traits adapted to cool habitats even though it is restricted to an island dominated by a subtropical climate.

This paper, treating the subfamily Tortricinae, represents the third and final contribution in the three-part series examining variation in the number of bristles in the female frenulum of tortricid moths. Based on the examination of 3,850 females of 1,082 species from 267 genera, the number of bristles in females varies from one to eight and frequently is asymmetrical on the same specimen (19% of specimens examined). A three-bristled frenulum (i.e., with three bristles on each side) is the most common condition in the Arotropora Meyrick group (100% of females examined), Epitymbiini (96%), Orthocomotis Dognin group (92%), Mictopsichia Hübner group (88%), Atteriini (83%), Tortricini (82%), Sparganothini (78%), Phricanthini (73%), Euliini (71%), Archipini (62%), Cnephasiini (61%), and Schoenotenini (51%). In Cochylini a two-bristled frenulum is the most common condition (i.e., 59% of all females examined). In Ceracini a four-bristled frenulum is the most common condition (i.e., 37%), with the vast majority of individuals possessing four or more bristles on at least one side; only 4% had three bristles (both sides). Although variation is rampant at the species, generic, and tribal levels, the data suggest a strong tendency for the reduction of bristles in Cochylini, where two (both sides) is the dominant condition; the addition of bristles in Ceracini, where four bristles is the most common condition; and more bristles in the largest species (e.g., Choristoneura conflictana (Walker), Zacorisca electrina (Meyrick), and Varifula sp.).

Surveys of black flies on four Pacific islands revealed four species on Okinawa, two on Guam, and none on Rota or Saipan. Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti represents a new record for Guam and the only black fly that is not precinctive to Oceania. The banding patterns of the larval polytene chromosomes of this species are identical among populations from Guam, Okinawa, and Thailand, suggesting that the insular colonizations might be recent.

The cicada Orellana pollyae Sanborn n. sp. is described from Brazil. The related Orellana bigibba Schmidt, 1919 is illustrated to facilitate differentiation of the species. A key to the genus Orellana Distant, 1905 is provided.

Axymyia furcata McAtee (Diptera: Axymyiidae) is a xylophilic, semiaquatic fly from eastern North America. As part of a comprehensive study of the fly's distribution, life history, and phylogeography, we surveyed populations of A. furcata in the eastern United States and Canada. Collecting and rearing methods are described, and use of the niche modeling software, DIVA GIS, to locate regions with potentially suitable habitat is presented. Based on historical records and our recent survey, A. furcata is confirmed to occur from southern Ontario and Quebec, across the northern tier of states from Minnesota to Maine, and south along the Appalachian Mountains to Georgia and South Carolina. Our survey resulted in several new state records and demonstrated that A. furcata, a fly once considered quite rare, can be abundant (> 200 individuals in a single log) in suitable habitats. Larvae and pupae are most abundant in wet and partially submerged logs in small streams and seeps. Axymyia furcata has four larval instars, overwinters as larvae, and has adults that emerge primarily in March and April in the southern Appalachians and somewhat later (e.g., to late May) in the northern Appalachians, upper Midwest, and southern Canada.