The new combination of Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering, 1905) is proposed, and the species is redescribed from historical specimens taken in the Neotropical Region as well as more recent specimens reared from Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931 in South Korea. Drosophila suzukii, otherwise known as the spotted-wing Drosophila, is a major pest of soft fruits the world over, and the search for effective natural enemies of this fly are ongoing. Though not parasitoids of D. suzukii, we also propose the following new combinations: Dieucoila brasiliensis (Kieffer, 1909), new combination, and Dieucoila brasiliana (Weld, 1952), new combination. After summarizing all known species of Eucoilinae with the specific epithet ‘brasiliensis’, we encourage future researchers to avoid this name in order prevent nomenclatural confusion.

Chaenusa psillosae Kula, new species from the Nearctic Region is described. Specimens upon which the new species is described were reared from an undetermined species of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy infesting Sagittaria latifolia Willd. A key to the NewWorld species of Chaenusa sensu lato is amended to include the new species.

We confirm reports from the 20^th century literature that Loxomorpha flavidissimalis (Grote, 1878), the cactus webworm, occurs in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico, and we report and verify for the first time that it occurs in the state of Tamaulipas as an herbivore of the cultivated cactus Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. var. Copena V-1 (green vegetable). Four cultivated cactus varieties (VALTIERRILLA, COPENAV-1, JALPA and VILLANUEVA) were monitored for four years (from planting to adulthood) (2010–2014). Of the four varieties assessed, only COPENA V-1 showed L. flavidissimalis presence and herbivory. Larvae were observed during the months of March to November, and young cladode losses were attributable to L. flavidissimalis. The cactus webworm represents an additional potential pest for the production of cultivated cactus in Tamaulipas where damage was observed to be 3.7% of the annual yield.

Liorhyssus hyalinus (F.) is a nearly cosmopolitan, polyphagous rhopalid, or scentless plant bug, that feeds mainly on flowers, fruits, and seeds of its hosts. Adults are known from numerous plants in diverse families, whereas nymphs develop on fewer species. Thirteen species of host plants were recorded for L. hyalinus during the sampling of grasses, forbs, subshrubs, and shrubs in the western United States (west of 100th meridian) from 2000 to 2015. The 11 new host records are Lygodesmia juncea, Machaeranthera tanacetifolia, Sonchus asper, Stephanomeria exigua, S. pauciflora, and S. thurberi (Asteraceae); Chamaesyce albomarginata (Euphorbiaceae); Erodium botrys and E. texanum (Geraniaceae); and Malva parviflora and Sphaeralcea ambigua (Malvaceae). The most common host (9 collections) was the adventive Erodium cicutarium, previously reported as a host in the Old World. Another previously known host was Sonchus oleraceus. Hosts of L. hyalinus in western states comprise four principal groups: latex-bearing (milky) composites of the tribe Cichorieae (Asteraceae); latex-bearing, mat-forming euphorbs or spurges (Euphorbiaceae); herbs and subshrubs of mallows (Malvaceae); and species of the stork's bill genus Erodium (Geraniaceae). Nymphs were observed on grasses (Poaceae) once: in a small, still-green colony of an undetermined species during prolonged drought in California. Based on fieldwork and a review of the literature, the common name hyaline grass bug appears to be a misnomer. The presence of adults on plant species that apparently do not support nymphal development is discussed in relation to the bug's bionomics, proximity to crop fields, and weather conditions. Although somewhat different definitions of “host plant” might be needed for different insect groups, a more consistent and restrictive interpretation of the term is recommended.

Many species of gall wasp (Cynipidae) essentially co-exist with their host oak tree species. Occasionally, the association becomes destructive to the tree, as is the case with Zapatella davisae, new species. This species is a twig galler, and as such, in the cases of heavy infestation, cause flagging, leaf clumping, and dieback of branches and twigs. Historical records of other species of Zapatella suggest that members of this genus have a checkered record with respect to damaging their host plants in North America, and these data are summarized here.

Anthodiplosis eutrochii Gagné, new species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Clinodiplosini), is described. It is responsible for the flower bud gall and only known gall on Eutrochium spp. in eastern North America. Dasineura purpurea Felt is no longer considered the gall maker. Galls are first noticeable at early anthesis in July. Full-grown larvae drop to the soil in August and September. Some adults may emerge in September, but most appear the following year. Anthodiplosis Kieffer, previously known from a single species from Europe, is a genus new to North America.

An intensive survey of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) on Martha's Vineyard, the largest offshore island in Massachusetts, USA, was conducted mostly from 2010–2011 at over 60 sites across the island's six towns. From over 14,500 specimens collected, processed and databased, we document 182 bee species in 31 genera. Historical records of an additional four species were identified from museum collections. Most bee specimens were collected from trap lines of bee bowls deployed to maximize coverage of habitats, and many others by direct collection targeting known host plants of pollen specialists (oligoleges) and their cleptoparasites. The island's fauna is more species-rich and includes a diverse assemblage of sand-nesting specialists (psammophiles) and pollen specialists with broader botanical associations than the recorded faunas of other regional islands. Notable finds include the first records of Anthophora walshii Cresson from the northeastern USA since the 1970s; two oligoleges of Maleberry Lyonia ligustrina (L.), Colletes productus Robertson and Melitta melittoides (Viereck); the parasitic Nomada rodecki Mitchell, newly associated with M. melittoides and newly placed within the Nomada basalis species group (previously associated with Melitta in Europe); and two species (in addition to N. rodecki) newly recorded from Massachusetts: Andrena neonana Viereck and Nomada xanthura Cockerell. We note 23 species not recorded from other Massachusetts offshore islands, of which 19 were unrecorded from southeastern Massachusetts. Two bumble bee species in the nominate subgenus Bombus, B. affinis Cresson and B. terricola Kirby, that have undergone regional declines were recorded historically from Martha's Vineyard and nearby islands but not found in this survey. Tables and figures are provided to summarize the phenology, taxonomic and behavioral composition of the island's bee fauna, which are discussed with reference to the faunas of Massachusetts, New York, and comparable mainland and island sites. As with other studies employing extensive bee bowl-trapping we found the most numerous species caught to be eusocial halictines. Our results underscore the role of maritime habitats underlain by sandy soils in sustaining regional diversity of bees in addition to Lepidoptera and other well-documented insect groups. Collection of a large proportion of pollen specialists and cleptoparasitic species from one but not both sampling years reinforces the need for multi-year studies of bee faunas.

The paratype series of Megaselia globipyga Borgmeier was found to contain two species, neither of which matched the holotype. The holotype of M. globipyga is here fully illustrated for clarity, and new biological and geographical data for the species are given. A new species, Megaselia risoria Hartop, Wong, and Eiseman, is described from two of the paratypes of M. globipyga, a paratype from the original type series of M. postcrinata Borgmeier, and a singleton from the BioSCAN Project.