Exegetia crocea Braun, 1918, (Yponomeutoidea: Lyonetiidae), type species of Exegetia Braun, 1918, n. syn., is transferred to Pigritia Clemens, 1860 (Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae). Pigritia crocea (Braun, 1918), n. comb., is redescribed, and morphological evidence is provided in support of its new generic and familial assignment. A habitus image of the male holotype and illustrations of the male genitalia and wing venation of a conspecific male are included.

Research up to this point has recorded two species of Afrotropical Heloridae: Helorus ruficornis Förster and H. elgoni Risbec. After examining recently collected specimens from Kenya and Burundi, we have been able to better understand intraspecific variation within Helorus ruficornis, and as a result, we hereby synonymize H. elgoni with H. ruficornis, redescribe H. ruficornis, and illustrate the holotype of H. elgoni for the first time. We also discuss new collection records for Afrotropical Heloridae, as well as possible habitat preferences.

The treehopper Micrutalis pallens Fowler was described from Mexico (Neotropical states) on the basis of two females; it since has been reported from Central America (Guatemala, Panama) and South America (Argentina, Guyana, Venezuela). The first U.S. records of this smiliine membracid of the tribe Micrutalini are reported from Arizona (Cochise County) and New Mexico (Grant County) in natural populations and ornamental plantings of Thurber's desert honeysuckle (Anisacanthus thurberi [Torr.] A. Gray; Acanthaceae). A diagnosis and color photographs of the lectotype female and an adult male and female from the current study are included to facilitate recognition of M. pallens in the Nearctic fauna. The adult male is described for the first time and the adult female is redescribed. The aedeagus of M. pallens is illustrated and compared with the aedeagi of M. calva (Say), M. dorsalis (Fitch), and M. malleifera Fowler.

Ribesia sarae Gagné, new genus, new species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described from simple leaf blister galls on Ribes aureum (Grossulariaceae) from Montana, USA. The female abdomen of Ribesia is superficially similar to that of Cystiphora Kieffer and Sackenomyia Felt. The three genera are compared. Because of strong differences found in their male terminalia it appears that any similarities in the female abdomens are the result of convergence. Sackenomyia ribesifolia Fedotova 1987 from Ribes in Kazakhstan is a new combination in Ribesia.

The new eccritotarsine plant bug, Tenthecoris tillandsiae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae), is described from specimens taken on Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides, growing on various deciduous and coniferous trees, in southeastern South Carolina, USA. This species represents the first record of the genus Tenthecoris Scott from the United States and the first host record from a bromeliad. All other species of Tenthecoris (commonly called orchid bugs) having known hosts are associated with orchids (Orchidaceae). The new species is diagnosed, described, and illustrated, including male genitalia, to help distinguish it from other members of the genus.

The ultrastructure of sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of Dendrolimus kikuchii Matsumura caterpillars was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The following sensilla were found on the antennae: a) three sensilla basiconica and two sensilla chaetica on the pedicel; b) one sensillum styloconicum and three sensilla basiconica on the flagellum. The mouthparts bear a variety of sensilla. The labrum bears six pairs of sensilla chaetica. The epipharynx bears three pairs of flattened sensilla chaetica, a pair of sensilla digitiformia, and three pairs of epipharynx sensilla. Each mandible has eight teeth and two sensilla chaetica on the ventrolateral corner. The maxillae have three sensilla chaetica on the dorsolateral surface of the cardo, four sensilla basiconica and two sensilla styloconica on the galea, and one sensillum chaeticum on the stipes. Each maxillary palp has eight sensilla basiconica, three sensilla placodea, and one sensillum digitiformium. The labial palp possesses one sensillum styloconium and one sensillum chaeticum on the distal surface. The distribution of sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of D. kikuchii were compared with those of other lepidopterous larvae. Roles of the sensilla are discussed based on previous studies.

Zhanghuaus apicimacula Niu and Wei, gen. et sp. nov. is described from Shaanxi Province, China. It is a member of Atelozini of the Belesinae. The new genus is unique among Tenthredinidae for the peculiar antenna.

We report the discovery of the western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith), as an economically important pest of corn in an infested field at Huachichil, in the southern part of the state of Coahuila, Mexico. This is the second report of this emerging pest as the prevalent insect in infested corn ears at a field in Mexico.

Zynzus truncatus Smith, n. sp. (Argidae), Acordulecera irwini Smith, n. sp. (Pergidae), and Nematus grahami Smith, n. sp. (Tenthredinidae), are described from southern Arizona. Arizona records for ten other sawfly species of Argidae, Pergidae, and Tenthredinidae from recent collections are given.

The generic concept of Calliscelio Ashmead is expanded to include variation in the shape of the metascutellum, the development of propodeal carinae, the presence of an epomial carina, the presence of malar striae, and the position of the toruli on the frons. This expansion follows circumscription of the genus based on the prioniform sensillum on the mandible, a character that is unique within Platygastroidea. We consider the prioniform state of the sensillum to be a synapomorphy for the genus, and treat Crama Galloway, Lispoteleia Galloway, Xentor Masner and Johnson, and Yunkara Galloway as junior synonyms of Calliscelio; the species of these genera are transferred herein. Calliscelio yunkara Talamas is provided as a replacement name for Yunkara inornata Galloway. A lectotype is designated for Calliscelio albicoxa (Dodd).

Neopamera bilobata (Say) is a wide-ranging, generalist seed predator that lives in the litter layer, but unlike many other species of Rhyparochromidae, it also ascends plants to feed on seeds. In Florida scrubs and other xeric plant communities in the southeastern United States, N. bilobata was found frequently, but irregularly, on female plants of Florida rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides (Ericaceae), from 2007 to 2016. This dioecious shrub flowers mainly in autumn and produces fleshy fruits and smaller, dry fruits that have been attributed to lack of pollination. Nymphs and adults of N. bilobata were collected from rosemary (31 sites) in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. All nymphal instars were observed from mid-October to late April, suggesting that nymphs develop on the plant. The bug's seasonality on rosemary in the coastal plain of Georgia and peninsular scrubs of Florida varied from year to year and between nearby sites sampled the same day. A second rhyparochromid, the little-known ozophorine Ozophora trinotata Barber, was found at 13 sites in peninsular Florida and was syntopic with N. bilobata at 10 sites. Regardless of the presence of N. bilobata, nymphs (all instars) and adults of O. trinotata were found mainly on rosemary plants growing in the shade of oaks; in contrast, N. bilobata was found on plants in full sun. In the laboratory, nymphs of N. bilobata, when provided with both fruit types, fed mainly on fleshy fruits, whereas nymphs of O. trinotata fed mainly on dry fruits.

The treehoppers Thelia bimaculata (F.) and Vanduzea arquata (Say) were studied in the southern Appalachians, with emphasis on delimiting their host-plant ranges. Previously thought to develop only on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), both membracids were found to use granite dome locust (R. hartwigii) as a host; nymphs of V. arquata also developed on bristly locust (R. hispida). Neither membracid became entrapped on the sticky stems of R. hartwigii, but only adults, trapped in glandular exudate, were observed on clammy locust (R. viscosa), whose more viscid stems apparently are unsuitable for treehopper colonization. Both tree-hoppers typically were positioned on black locust as described in the literature, but nymphs, particularly those of T. bimaculata, also were observed to occupy old (abandoned) burrows (tunnels) of the locust twig borer (Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zeller; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Ants (Crematogaster lineolata [Say], Formica subsericea Say, and other species) tended membracid nymphs inside excavated stems and also were found around exit holes of locust twig borer larvae. The southern Appalachians represent the center of diversity for Robinia, but nearly all previous field studies of the treehoppers were conducted outside the original range of black locust and probably also that of the tortricid twig borer. The membracids' behavior and host range might be expected to differ between the southern Appalachians, where the anttreehopper system on locust presumably has a long evolutionary history, and regions where members of the system are not native.

We document cannibalism in young larvae of Hadena ectypa Morisson, a rare noctuid moth that oviposits in flowers of its host plant Silene stellata L. In 2012 and 2013, we observed high Hadena ectypa adult activity in early flowering season of Silene stellata, when flower density was low. As a result, co-occurrence of related as well as unrelated eggs within the same flower was prevalent. A Hadena ectypa larva feeds upon ovules and develops through the first three instars within the initial flower before becoming mobile between flowers. Therefore, the clustering of eggs could potentially inflict resource limitation on the young, co-occurring larvae, which could in turn favor cannibalism. We performed feeding trials that imitated this crowded condition in laboratory environment and recorded high overall frequency of cannibalism in young larvae (71.43 percent, n=70). Furthermore, cannibalism occurred at equal frequencies between siblings and between nonsiblings (X²=0.023, P>0.90, df = 1). In addition, head capsule widths of the cannibalistic larvae were significantly greater than those of the non-cannibalistic larvae (t = -12.187, df = 55.503, P<0.0001). The slow development of noncannibals was most likely caused by the limitation of food. Cannibalism provides a potential mechanism of regulating larval density and can be important in stabilizing the interaction of Hadena ectypa with its host plant.

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation (400–315 nm) is the major component of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the Earth's surface due to the role of the stratospheric ozone. UVA radiation can induce various types of negative effects in all organisms including insects, such as oxidative stress, cell death, and photo-receptor damage. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the biological effects of UVA radiation on diurnal insects. In the present study, the effects of UVA radiation on adult longevity and fecundity in a model diurnal insect, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae), irradiated at different UVA-exposure times and intensities were investigated, as well as the developmental duration and cumulative survival rate of the first filial generation. The longevity of adults exposed to relatively low-intensity UVA radiation was prolonged for both sexes, and there was a significant increase observed after exposure for 3 h/day. The results also showed that UVA radiation did not induce mortality under our experimental conditions. Fecundity increased slightly with increasing UVA-exposure times but not significantly. Exposure to UVA radiation significantly prolonged the developmental duration from egg to emergence of the first filial generation. The cumulative survival rate from egg to emergence of the first filial generation was significantly elevated, but only when the parents were exposed to relatively low-intensity UVA radiation for 2 h/day. These results will aid in understanding the biological effects of UVA radiation on diurnal insects and give new insights into the mechanisms of adaptation/resistance to environmental factors in insects.