The marine malacofauna of New Caledonia is among the most studied and best known of the Indo-Pacific region. Previous studies have shown that its richness and species compositions are examples of extreme spatial heterogeneity. Turrids are among the richest and most diverse groups of marine gastropods. In the present paper the shallow-water turrid fauna of Ile des Pins is inventoried for the first time. 174 morphotypes hosted in 8 families are herein recorded, of which 22 species are considered new records for New Caledonia. The following new combinations were introduced: Mitromorpha drivasi (Chang, 1995), Acrista nana (Hervier, 1896), Acrista latirella (Melvill & Standen, 1896), Acrista pusilla (Dunker, 1871), Acrista tuberculifera (Hervier, 1896), Hemilienardia idiomorpha (Hervier, 1897), Heterocithara diatula (Hervier, 1897), Heterocithara isophanes (Hervier, 1897), and Pseudorhaphitoma hervieri Hedley, 1922.
INTRODUCTION
The turrids (s.l.), consist of a set of families previously classified in the family Turridae (Powell, 1966). Following a large phylogenetic study, Puillandre et al. (2011) assigned species of this family into 13 distinct families. Despite this improvement in higher level taxonomy, a considerable proportion of turrids have never been authoritatively reported since their original description. As a result, many species have never been assigned to modern genera.
In addition to the taxonomic problems, almost nothing is known about regional diversity of turrids and the differences in faunal assemblages of different regions. An exception might be New Caledonia (including the Loyalty Islands), which is the type locality of many turrid species and which has witnessed a number of incomparable marine sampling expeditions performed by the MNHN to Koumac, Touho, and Lifou. Based on these expeditions, a total of 504 turrid morphotypes were recorded, of which 231 were identified to species level (Bouchet in Payri & Richer de Forges, 2007). A study of recently published taxonomic literature demonstrated that at least 25 additional species have been described subsequently from New Caledonia (Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012; Kilburn et al., 2014; Morassi et al., 2017; Fedosov et al., 2017; Kantor et al., 2017; Fedosov & Puillandre, 2020).
A comparison of the turrid species composition of these three sites has revealed a very high level of heterogeneity between sites, with only 21% of species overlap (Philippe Bouchet, unpublished pers. communication). Since the previously sampled areas are in the northern part of New Caledonia (Koumac and Touho) and the Loyalty Islands, the aim of the present paper is the documentation of the shallow-water turrid fauna of the southernmost part of New Caledonia, the Isle des Pins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sand grit was collected in preferential spots such as overhangs, caves and tunnels where specimens tend to accumulate. Sampled material was washed in fresh water, dried in thin mesh bags and sieved into different fractions (<1 mm, 1-2.5 mm, 2.5-5 mm, 5 mm-1 cm and >1 cm). Approximately 20 kg of material was collected at Ile des Pins, among which half (the fractions larger than 5 mm and smaller than 1 mm) were sorted on site. Remaining material was sorted mostly under a dissecting microscope at MHNG. When needed, the specimens have been cleaned with mounted needles and/or ultrasonic apparatus. The seldomly live collected specimens were preserved in 90% ethanol.
All dives were oraganized through the Kunié Diving resort at regular dive localities. Due to poor weather conditions, sites were determined by vessel operators based on their accessibility, and therefore were limited to the most protected and closest dive spots from the resort harbour. All diving stations data (dates, collector names, minimum and maximum depth, precise GPS positions, habitats and eventual additional notes) were consistently recorded.
A six day collection trip in February 2019 sampled 11 stations across 8 sites ranging from a depth of 0.5-27 m. See Annex 1 for stations map and Annex 2 for stations GPS positions.
Specimen images were captured through a Canon 90D with an MP-E 65 mm 1-5x lens mounted on a stack shot rail. Raw images were then stacked with Zerene stacker and final editing was completed in GIMP.
Specimen identifications were based on original descriptions, comparisons with type material, or with well documented specimen vouchers. Type material specimens, type pictures or voucher specimens were obtained from MNHN, MHNBx, ANSP, NHMUK, AMS, NSMT, and from the late Dr Richard Kilburn. Each specimen was directly compared with illustrated morphotypes from an unpublished catalogue of samplings from Koumac, Touho and Lifou (unpublished data, MNHN), in order to complete the southern New Caledonian faunal list presented here.
The classification of conoideans adapted by Bouchet et al. (2011) is followed. Generic assignments were generally followed from accepted opinions in WoRMS (2022), in a few cases, the introduction of new combination was necessary. Plates are arranged by species morphology with similar characteristics prevailing over alphabetic order.
The qualifier “aff.”, meaning “species affinis” is used for morphospecies that are clearly distinguishable but close to known taxa. The appendix “cf.” meaning “confer” is used in cases where morphospecies might be conspecific with known species but some doubts remain. If obsolete geographical names and measure units are given in the type locality, modern references are provided in square brackets “[ ]”.
Abbreviations
AMS
Australian Museum of Sydney
ANSP
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
idp
Ile des Pins
MHNBx
Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bordeaux
MHNG
Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève
MNHN
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
NHMUK
Natural History Museum, London
NSMT
National Museum of Nature and Science (Japan)
RESULTS
In total, 2252 turrid specimens (or identifiable parts of specimens) were segregated into 174 morphotypes in 8 families. With 72 species, the family Raphitomidae was found to be the most diverse, while Pseudomelatomidae was the least diverse turrid family with only a single recorded species.
From those 174 morphotypes, 102 were recognized as described species, 35 were only assigned to genus level and are presumed to be new to science while the other 37 remaining morphotypes are similar to described species but are too poor in quality or represented by too few specimens to be sure. 46 morphotypes were represented by only a single specimen and 34 by two specimens, respectively, demonstrating that our sampling is far away from saturation, and that rare species make up an important part of the local turrid diversity. In contrast, Anarithma metula (though, it might represent a species complex) was represented by a total of 218 specimens. Microdaphne morrisoni and Heterocithara strombillum, secondarily were represented by more than 150 specimens each and were found at all stations sampled.
A comparison of the morphotypes found at Ile des Pins with those collected during the expeditions to Touho, Koumac and Lifou (MNHN unpublished catalogue of the New Caledonian turrid morphotypes), revealed that a total of 28 morphotypes were exclusively collected at Ile des Pins. However, since 6 species out of these 28 morphotypes were originally described from New Caledonia, 22 species are considered new records for New Caledonia. An additional 21 species would require a close examination and comparison to specimens collected at the other sites in order to confirm whether they are conspecific or not.
In the following list most morphotypes identified to genus level only have a number after “sp.” These numbers do not refer a numbering of unidentified morphotypes found in the present work, but to an unpublished, temporary numbering system of all species used by the authors in their research. Additionally, specimens demarcated with proceeding letters indicate strong affinities to the numerical destinctions.
Family Drilliidae Olsson, 1964
12 morphotypes
Genus Clavus Montfort, 1810
Type species: Clavus flammulatus Montfort, 1810 (type by original designation). Type locality: unknown.
Clavus bilineatus (Reeve, 1845) Plate 1, fig. 1
Pleurotoma bilineata Reeve, 1845.
Type locality: 15 fm [27 m], Capul and Mindoro Islands, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp3.2, idp6.
Clavus formosus (Reeve, 1846)
Plate 1, fig. 5.
Pleurotoma formosa Reeve, 1846.
Type locality: Capul Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Clavus lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860)
Plate 1, fig. 2
Pleurotoma lamberti Montrouzier, 1860.
Type locality: Art Island, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp5, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Clavus aff. lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860)
Plate 1, fig. 3
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: Known from a single worn specimen, which is similar to Clavus lamberti, but differs in having fewer axial ribs. This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Clavus moquinianus (Montrouzier, 1874)
Plate 1, fig. 9
Pleurotoma moquiniana Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1874.
Type locality: Art Island, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Remarks: That species was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes, but was originally described from New Caledonia and is recorded from New Caledonia in Kilburn et al. (2014).
Clavus pica Reeve, 1843
Plate 1, fig. 7
Pleurotoma pica Reeve, 1843.
Type locality: Capul Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.2.
Clavus picoides Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014
Plate 1, fig. 8
Clavus picoides Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014.
Type locality: Stn. 1352, 22°22.2′S, 166°16.0-166°16.1′E; 27-35 m, Grand Récif Aboré outer slope, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3.2, idp5.2.
Clavus virginieae Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014
Plate 1, fig. 4
Clavus virginieae Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014.
Type locality: Stn. 1455, 20°56.8′S, 167°02.7′E; 15-20 m, Baie du Santal, between Cap Wekutr and Cap Wajez, Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7.
Genus Iredalea Oliver, 1915
Type species: Iredalea subtropicalis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915 (type by original designation). Type locality: Sunday Island [Raoul Island], Kermadec Islands.
Iredalea balteata (Gould, 1860)
Plate 1, fig. 11
Columbella (Anachis) balteata Gould, 1860.
Type locality: China Sea.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp4.
Iredalea cf. balteata (Gould, 1860)
Plate 1, fig. 12
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: The specimens differ from typical Iredalea balteata in having more prominent nodule-like axial ribs and two rows of white spots on the brown band below periphery. More research is necessary to determine whether this is a case of polymorphism within one species, or if there is justification for a more speciose complex.
Iredalea inclinata (Sowerby III, 1893)
Plate 1, fig. 6
Pleurotoma inclinata G. B. Sowerby III, 1893.
Type locality: Mauritius.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp6, idp7.
Genus Plagiostropha Melvill, 1927
Type species: Plagiostropha quintuplex Melvill, 1927 (type by monotypy). Type locality: unknown.
Plagiostropha sp.
Plate 1, fig. 10
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7.
Family Pseudomelatomidae J. P. E. Morrison, 1966
1 morphotype.
Genus Crassispira Swainson, 1840
Type species: Pleurotoma bottae Valenciennes in Kiener, 1839 accepted as Crassispira bottae (Valenciennes in Kiener, 1839) (type by subsequent designation). Type locality: Mazatlán, M. Botta.
Crassispira scala Kantor et al., 2017
Plate 2, fig. 13
Crassispira scala Kantor, Stahlschmidt, Aznar-Cormano, Bouchet & Puillandre, 2017.
Type locality: st. PR159, 05°07.1′S, 145°49.4′E; 15 m, N. Wonad I., Madang Lagoon, Papua-New Guinea.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp5.2, idp6.
Family Horaiclavidae Bouchet et al., 2011
15 morphotypes.
Genus Anacithara Hedley, 1922
Type species: Mangelia naufraga Hedley, 1909 accepted as Anacithara naufraga (Hedley, 1909) (type by original designation). Type locality: Hope Island, Queensland, Australia.
Anacithara cf. lita (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 2, fig. 23
Clathurella lita Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7, idp8.
Remarks: The present species is most probably conspecific with Anacithara lita (Melvill & Standen, 1896), but specimens with intact protoconchs are needed to be sure.
Anacithara cf. stricta Hedley, 1922
Plate 2, fig. 27
Anacithara stricta Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 17 to 20 fm. [31-37 m], Mast Head Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5.2.
Remarks: The present specimens appear to be Anacithara stricta Hedley, 1922. However, the type of the latter species is in such poor quality that fresh examples from the type locality are needed for comparison. This morphotype was not recorded among the specimens collected and documented by the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Anacithara themeropis (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 2, fig. 26
Drillia themeropis Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2.
Anacithara conata (Hedley, 1909)
Plate 2, fig. 25
Mangelia naufraga var. conata Hedley, 1909.
Type locality: Hope Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2.
Anacithara sp.3
Plate 2, fig. 24
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.2, idp6.
Genus Carinapex Dall, 1924
Type species: Drillia minutissima Garrett, 1873 (as a subgenus of Daphnobela Cossmann, 1896) accepted as Carinapex minutissima (Garrett, 1873) (type by original designation). Type locality: Viti Isles [Fiji].
Carinapex amirowlandae Wiedrick, 2015
Plate 2, fig. 15
Carinapex amirowlandae Wiedrick, 2015.
Type locality: 100-250 m, North Central Punta Engano, Mactan Island, Cebu Province, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Carinapex chaneyi Wiedrick, 2015
Plate 2, fig. 17
Carinapex chaneyi Wiedrick, 2015.
Type locality: 8°39′S, 158°14′E; in rubble at 20-25 m off exposed side of Karunjou Island, off Marovo Lagoon, east side Vanguna Island, Solomon Islands.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp7.
Remarks: That species was erroneously identified as Carinapex minutissima in Bouchet et al. (2011).
Carinapex minutissima (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 2, fig. 16
Drillia minutissima Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Viti Isles [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: Based on the recent identification of Carinapex chaneyi (Wiedrick, 2015: 7) in Bouchet et al. (2011), Carinapex minutissima is here recognized from New Caledonia for the first time.
Carinapex mooreorum Wiedrick, 2015
Plate 2, fig. 18
Carinapex mooreorum Wiedrick, 2015.
Type Locality: 19°55′ 3.28″N, 155°53′26.38″W; in tide pool rubble at -0.3 m, “Anaeho” Omalu Point, Kona North District, Hawaii.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7.
Carinapex philippinensis Wiedrick, 2015
Plate 2, fig. 14
Carinapex philippinensis Wiedrick, 2015.
Type locality: 11°29′0.12″N, 119°50′13.82″E; 150 m, Linapacan Island, Palawan Province, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Genus Ceritoturris Dall, 1924
Type species: Crassispira bittium Dall, 1924 accepted as Ceritoturris bittium (Dall, 1924) (type by original designation). Type locality: Hawaiian Islands.
Ceritoturris papillosa (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 2, fig. 21
Drillia papillosa Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Viti Isles [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Ceritoturris theoteles (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 2, fig. 19
Mangilia (Glyphostoma) theoteles (Melvill & Standen, 1896).
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp5, idp5.2, idp7.
Remarks: Carinapex cernohorskyi Wiedrick, 2015 appears to be conspecific. Carinapex theoteles was described from the Loyalty Islands, but is recorded from Japan, French Polynesia, and Hawaii under the name C. cernohorskyi in Wiedrick (2015).
Ceritoturris cf. theoteles (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 2, fig. 20
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: idp7.
Remarks: The present species is very similar to Carinapex theoteles but differs in the rounded and similar-sized nodules of both spirals while in C. theoteles, the nodules of the abapical spiral row are much bigger and vertically elongated.
Ceritoturris sp.1
Plate 2, fig. 22
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7.
Genus Graciliclava Shuto, 1983
Type species: Graciliclava mackayensis Shuto, 1983 accepted as Graciliclava costata (Hedley, 1922) (type by original designation). Type locality: 20°52′S /149°29′E, 35 m, E of Mackay, Queensland, Australia.
Graciliclava costata (Hedley, 1922)
Plate 3, fig. 28
Clavus costatus Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 12 fm [22 m], Darnley Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5.2.
Family Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838)
8 morphotypes.
Genus Iotyrris Medinskaya & Sysoev, 2001
Type species: Iotyrris marquesensis Sysoev, 2002 (type by subsequent designation). Type locality: 9°44.6′S, 138°51.1′W; 115-120 m, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.
Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
Plate 3, fig. 36
Pleurotoma cingulifera Lamarck, 1822.
Type locality: unknown.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp piscine.
Genus Lophiotoma T. L. Casey, 1904
Type species: Pleurotoma tigrina Lamarck, 1822 accepted as Lophiotoma acuta (Perry, 1811) (type by subsequent designation). Type locality: unknown.
Lophiotoma sp.
Plate 3, fig. 29
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Genus Turridrupa Hedley, 1922
Type species: Pleurotoma acutigemmata E. A. Smith, 1877 accepted as Turridrupa acutigemmata (E. A. Smith, 1877) (type by original designation). Type locality: unknown.
Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
Plate 3, fig. 33
Pleurotoma bijubata, Reeve, 1843.
Type locality: Under rocks, Bureas Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp3, idp5, idp8.
Turridrupa consobrina Powell, 1967
Plate 3, fig. 32
Turridrupa astricta consobrina Powell, 1967.
Type locality: 40-50 feet [12-15 m], Maalaea Bay, Maui Island, Hawaii.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.2, idp7, idp8.
Turridrupa diffusa Powell, 1967
Plate 3, fig. 30
Turridrupa diffusa Powell, 1967.
Type locality: Samoa.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.2, idp6.
Turridrupa cf. jubata (Hinds, 1843)
Plate 3, fig. 31
Pleurotoma jubata Hinds, 1843.
Type locality: In mud at 32.9 m, Straits of Malacca.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: The present species differs from typical specimens of Turridrupa jubata (Hinds, 1843) by the smaller and more slender shape, the weaker spiral cords, and the less flared out anal sinus opening.
Genus Xenuroturris Iredale, 1929
Type species: Xenuroturris legitima Iredale, 1929 (type by original designation). Type locality: Michaelmas Cay, Queensland, Australia.
Xenuroturris legitima Iredale, 1929
Plate 3, fig. 35
Xenuroturris legitima Iredale, 1929.
Type locality: Michaelmas Cay, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp4.
Xenuroturris millepunctata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1909)
Plate 3, fig. 34
Pleurotoma millepunctata G. B. Sowerby III, 1909.
Type locality: Monac Island, New, Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Family Mitromorphidae T. L. Casey, 1904
16 morphotypes.
Genus Lovellona Iredale, 1917
Type species: Conus atramentosus Reeve, 1849 accepted as Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849) (type by original designation). Type locality: 25 fm [45.7 m], Mindoro Island, Philippines.
Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849)
Plate 4, fig. 37
Conus atramentosus Reeve, 1849.
Type locality: 25 fm [45.7 m], Mindoro Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp6, idp8.
Genus Mitromorpha Carpenter, 1865
Type species: Daphnella filosa Carpenter, 1864 accepted as Mitromorpha carpenteri Glibert, 1954 (type by monotypy). Type locality: Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Remarks: Anarithma Iredale, 1916 closely resembles Mitromorpha but can be distinguished by a swollen columella bearing a small v-shaped notch instead of folds. We agree with Chino & Stahlschmidt (2009) that the use of weakly distinguishable genera in such a species-rich and confusing group as the turrids is not recommended. Until studies based on molecular data are available, we assign all species to the genus Mitromorpha and omit Anarithma.
Mitromorpha alphonsiana (Hervier, 1900)
Plate 4, fig. 51
Columbella alphonsiana Hervier, 1900.
Type locality: Lifou. Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp8.
Mitromorpha drivasi (Chang, 1995) n. comb.
Plate 4, fig. 39
Anarithma drivasi Chang, 1995.
Type locality: Lüdao Islet, Taiwan.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp5.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Mitromorpha fischeri (Hervier, 1900)
Plate 4, fig. 40
Columbella fischeri Hervier, 1900.
Type locality: Lifou. Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5, idp6, idp8.
Mitromorpha inornata (Hervier, 1900)
Plate 4, fig. 48
Columbella stepheni var. inornata Hervier, 1900.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.
Mitromorpha iozona (Hervier, 1900)
Plate 4, fig. 50
Columbella iozona Hervier, 1900.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp6.
Mitromorpha metula (Hinds, 1843)
Plate 4, figs 42-43
Clavatula metula Hinds, 1843.
Type locality: unknown.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: This species may represent a species complex and further genetic analysis is required to resolve its taxonomic position.
Mitromorpha salisburyi (Cernohorsky, 1978)
Plate 5, fig. 52
Mitrolumna salisburyi Cernohorsky, 1978.
Type locality: 32 fm [59 m], Maile Point, Oahu, Hawaii.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp6.
Mitromorpha sublachryma (Hervier, 1900).
Plate 4, fig. 44
Columbella sublachryma Hervier, 1900.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes, but was originally described from Lifou, therefore it is not considered new to New Caledonia.
Mitromorpha cf. sublachryma (Hervier, 1900) morph 1
Plate 4, fig. 45
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: The present species differs from typical Anarithma sublachryma (Hervier, 1900) by the less developed axial sculpture, the two spiral grooves per whorl (compared to one in Anarithma sublachryma), by the two pinkish cords on the upper suture and grooves, and by the large brown dorsal blotch on the final whorl.
Mitromorpha cf. sublachryma (Hervier, 1900) morph 2
Plate 4, fig. 46
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: The present morphotype differs from the typical Anarithma sublachryma (Hervier, 1900) by the faint axial sculpture, the almost smooth surface of the shell and by the more elongated and less biconical profile. This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Mitromorpha cf. sublachryma (Hervier, 1900) morph 3
Plate 4, fig. 47
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: The present morphotype differs from Anarithma sublachryma (Hervier, 1900) in being much more stout, with shorter whorls, relatively deeper spiral grooves, resulting in a rugose shell surface similar to that of A. metula (Hinds, 1843). This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Mitromorpha aff. thalaoides Chino & Stahlschmidt, 2014
Plate 5, fig. 53
Mitromorpha thalaoides Chino & Stahlschmidt, 2014.
Type locality: Baie du Santal, WSW of Pointe d'Easo, Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5, idp8.
Remarks: The present morphotype differs from Mitromorpha thalaoides Chino & Stahlschmidt, 2014 by the ovate shape (instead of biconic), the larger adult size, the more numerous and finer knobs, and the completely different coloration.
Mitromorpha sp. 3
Plate 4, fig. 41
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp5.2.
Mitromorpha sp. 5
Plate 4, fig. 49
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Mitromorpha sp. 6
Plate 4, fig. 38
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp8.
Family Clathurellidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
25 morphotypes.
Genus Acrista Hedley, 1922
Type species: Lienardia punctilla Hedley, 1922 accepted as Acrista punctilla (Hedley, 1922) (type by original designation). Type locality: 5 to 8 fathoms [9-15 m], Murray Island, Queensland, Australia.
Remarks: Described as a subgenus of Lienardia, we consider it a full genus being more similar to Etrema but differing in the trigonal aperture, the sculpture of axial ribs crossed by prominent spiral cords, forming compressed nodules, and the outer lip by having only a few but larger teeth.
Acrista nana (Hervier, 1896) n. comb.
Plate 5, fig. 59
Glyphostoma comptum var. nana Hervier, 1896a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: The freshly collected specimen in this study has brownish-orange colored grooves between the intersection of the spiral cords and faintly between the ribs, features absent in the type material. It is assumed that the type species are specimens that lost the coloration since all other morphological characters agree well.
Even though Pleurotoma compta Reeve, 1845 is a typical Lienadia, the present subspecies is more indicative of Acrista as defined herein.
This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes, but was described from the Loyalty Island, therefore is not new to New Caledonia.
Acrista latirella (Melvill & Standen, 1896) n. comb.
Plate 5, fig. 57
Mangilia (Glyphostoma) latirella Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp8.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes, but was described from Loyalty Island, therefore is not new to New Caledonia.
Acrista pusilla (Dunker, 1871) n. comb.
Plate 5, fig. 56
Clathurella pusilla G. Dunker, 1871.
Type locality: Viti Islands [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp3, idp4, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Remarks: is very similar to Glyphostoma trigonostomum Hervier, 1896b
Acrista tuberculifera (Hervier, 1896) n. comb.
Plate 5, fig. 58
Glyphostoma marchei var. tuberculifera Hervier, 1896a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3.2.
Remarks: Our single specimen agrees well with the type specimen of Glyphostoma marchei var. tuberculifera Hervier, 1896 (syntype MNHN-IM-2000-30091). However, we have strong doubts about the validity of the presumed type specimens since they are not even remotely simililar to the type of Lienardia marchei Jousseaume, 1884 (syntype MNHN-IM-2000-3082). Given that the existent types of Glyphostoma marchei var. tuberculifera are instead much closer to Glyphostoma disconica Hervier (1896) (syntype MNHN-IM-2000-2904), described in the same publication, is a further hint of a possible confusion of the type specimens. Unfortunately, an original figure of the Glyphostoma marchei var. tuberculifera type is missing and the meagreness of the orginal description is of little help. However, the resolving this dilemma is beyond the scope of the present paper but could be of interest to future workers.
Genus Clathurella Carpenter, 1857
Type species: Clavatula rava Hinds, 1843 accepted as Clathurella rava (Hinds, 1843) (type by subsequent designation). Type locality: 18 fm [33 m], Gulf of Nicoya, Central America.
Clathurella verrucosa Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018
Plate 5, fig. 63
Clathurella verrucosa Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018.
Type locality: Pamilacan Island, Bohol, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7.
Genus Etrema Hedley, 1918
Type species: Mangilia (Glyphostoma) aliciae Melvill & Standen, 1895 accepted as Etrema aliciae (Melvill & Standen, 1895) (type by original designation). Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Etrema cf. crassilabrum (Reeve, 1843)
Plate 6, fig. 76
Pleurotoma crassilabrum Reeve, 1843.
Type locality: Ticao Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: The present species is very similar to Etrema crassilabrum (Reeve, 1843) but differs slightly in the weaker spiral sculpture and the less developed denticles in the columella. However, the single available specimen is subadult and a comparison of adult specimens with the type or topotypic specimens is required to provide confirmation.
Etrema aff. crassilabrum (Reeve, 1843)
Plate 6, fig. 75
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3.2.
Remarks: The present species differs from Etrema crassilabrum (Reeve, 1843) in the denser and weaker axial sculpture as well as in a different colouration.
Etrema cf. glabriplicatum (Sowerby III, 1913)
Plate 6, fig. 77
Glyphostoma glabriplicatum G. B. Sowerby III, 1913.
Type locality: Osumi, Japan.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp4.
Remarks: The present species is similar to Etrema glabriplicatum (Sowerby III, 1913) but differs in the stouter profile, brown coloration below periphery on later teleoconch whorls and the denser axial sculpture.
Etrema cf. polydesma Hedley, 1922
Plate 6, fig. 73
Etrema polydesma Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 15 fm. [27 m], Palm Islands, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3.2, idp5.2, idp8.
Remarks: The present species appears to be conspecific with Etrema polydesma Hedley, 1922, but differs slightly in the colouration and sculpture. A comparison with the type or fresh topotypic specimens is required to provide confirmation.
Etrema sp. 1a
Plate 6, fig. 70
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp3.2, idp5.2, idp7.
Remarks: The present species is remotely related to Etrema polydesma Hedley, 1922, but differs in the less angulated whorls.
Etrema sp. 1b
Plate 6, fig. 71
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: The present species might be conspecific with Etrema sp.1 but differs slightly in the colouration and sculpture. More specimens are required to examine if the differences are stable or just within the intraspecific variation.
Etrema sp. 1c
Plate 6, fig. 72
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: The present species is also similar to Etrema sp.1 but differs in the more angulated whorls and the rougher axial and spiral sculpture.
Etrema sp. 5
Plate 6, fig. 78
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: The present species is only known by a single subadult specimens, but differs in sculpture and colour pattern from all other species reported here.
Etrema sp. 6
Plate 6, fig. 74
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp4.
Remarks: The present species is known from one subadult specimen and is remotely similar to Etrema crassilabrum but differs in the less angulated whorls and different colour pattern.
Genus Lienardia Jousseaume, 1883
Type species: Clavatula rubida Hinds, 1843 accepted as Lienardia rubida (Hinds, 1843) (type by original designation).Type locality: 7 fm [13 m], New Guinea.
Lienardia compta (Reeve, 1845)
Plate 5, fig. 60
Pleurotoma compta Reeve, 1845.
Type locality: Baclayon, Bohol Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7.
Lienardia fallax (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875)
Plate 6, fig. 64
Clathurella rugosa var. fallax G. & H. Nevill, 1875.
Type locality: Mauritius and Bourbon [Reunion]; Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Lienardia giliberti (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1874)
Plate 6, fig. 67
Pleurotoma giliberti Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1874.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp4, idp7.
Lienardia mighelsi Iredale & Tomlin, 1917
Plate 6, fig. 66
Lienardia mighelsi Iredale & Tomlin, 1917.
Type locality: Sandwich Islands [Hawaii].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7.
Lienardia roseotincta (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1872)
Plate 6, fig. 68
Pleurotoma (Clathurella) roseotincta Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1872.
Type locality: Art Island, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2.
Lienardia tricolor (Brazier, 1876)
Plate 6, fig. 65
Clathurella tricolor Brazier, 1876.
Type locality: Palm Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp5, idp6.
Lienardia aff. vultuosa (Reeve, 1845)
Plate 6, fig. 69
Pleurotoma vultuosa Reeve, 1845.
Type locality: Baclayon, Bohol Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp4.
Remarks: The present morphotype is similar to Lienardia vultuosa (Reeve, 1845) but differs in having a stouter shell profile and fewer denticles in the interior of the outer lip. The specimens analysed here appear to belong to the Lienardia vultuosa-leucostigmatarhodacme species-complex. A detailed study is needed to establish limits of either interspecific or intraspecific variation based on coloration, sculpture and lip dentation.
Lienardia sp. 1
Plate 6, fig. 61
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp6.
Remarks: Specimens collected and analysed in this study were not recorded in the MNHN unpublished catalogue of morphotypes.
Lienardia sp. 2
Plate 5, fig. 62
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3.2.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Genus Nannodiella Dall, 1919
Type species: Philbertia (Nannodiella) nana Dall, 1919 accepted as Nannodiella nana (Dall, 1919) (type by original designation). Type locality: 26 fm [48 m], off Cacachitas, Gulf of California.
Remarks: The following two species are only provisionally placed in Nannodiella due to the similar shell shapes and the spout-like anal sinus, characters that may prove to be artificial. The type species of the genus Nannodiella, Philbertia (Nannodiella) nana Dall 1919, an east pacific species, lacks the apertural denticles which are well developed in N. acricula and N. cf. tortilabia.
Nannodiella acricula (Hedley, 1922)
Plate 5, fig. 54
Etrema acricula Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 5-8 fm. [9-15 m], Murray Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Isle des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Nannodiella cf. tortilabia (Hedley, 1922)
Plate 5, fig. 55
Etrema tortilabia Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 5-8 fm. [9-15 m], off Murray Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Isle des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: The present morphotype appears to be Nannodiella tortilabia (Hedley, 1922). However, the type of the latter species is of poor quality and the figure by Hedley (1922) only illustrated a specimen with a much more acute apex, further complicating the identification of the morphotype. Verification of specimens from the type locality, or nearby, is necessary to confirm the true identity of this specimen.
Family Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875
76 morphotypes.
Genus Austrodaphnella Laseron, 1954
Type species: Austrodaphnella clathrata Laseron, 1954 (type by original designation). Type locality: Pittwater, NSW, Australia.
Austrodaphnella torresensis Shuto, 1983
Plate 11, fig. 140
Austrodaphnella torresensis Shuto, 1983.
Type locality: 9-15 m, off Murray Islands, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Genus Daphnella Hinds, 1844
Type species: Pleurotoma lymneiformis Kiener, 1839 accepted as Daphnella lymneiformis (Kiener, 1839) (type by subsequent designation). Type locality: Mauritius.
Daphnella canaliculata Ardovini, 2009
Plate 11, fig. 145
Daphnella canaliculata Ardovini, 2009.
Type locality: 100 m, off Balicasag Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp7.
Daphnella ornata Hinds, 1844
Plate 11, fig. 143
Daphnella ornata Hinds, 1844.
Type locality: 6 fm [11 m], in mud, New Guinea.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Daphnella pluricarinata (Reeve, 1845)
Plate 11, fig. 141
Pleurotoma pluricarinata Reeve, 1845.
Type locality: 7 fm [13 m], Burias Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.
Remarks: Daphnella atractoides Hervier, 1897 is a synonym of Daphnella pluricarinata (Reeve, 1845).
Daphnella vitrea Garrett, 1873
Plate 10, fig. 136
Daphnella vitrea Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Paumotus Isles [Tuamotu, French Polynesia].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3.
Daphnella sp. 2
Plate 11, fig. 146
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp4, idp5.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Daphnella sp. 3
Plate 10, fig. 135
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp8.
Genus Diaugasma Melvill, 1917
Type species: Daphnella epicharta Melvill & Standen, 1903 accepted as Diaugasma epicharta (Melvill & Standen, 1903) (type by monotypy). Type locality: 24°58′N, 56°54′E; 156 fathoms [285 m], Gulf of Oman.
Diaugasma olyra (Reeve, 1845)
Plate 11, fig. 144
Pleurotoma olyra Reeve, 1845.
Type locality: Unknown.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp5, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Genus Eucyclotoma Boettger, 1895
Type species: Clathurella bicarinata Pease, 1863 accepted as Eucyclotoma bicarinata (Pease, 1863) (type by subsequent designation). Type locality: Kingsmill Islands, Kiribati.
Eucyclotoma bicarinata (Pease, 1863)
Plate 10, fig. 138
Clathurella bicarinata Pease, 1863.
Type locality: Kingsmill Islands, Kiribati.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5, idp6.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Eucyclotoma carinulata (Souverbie, 1875)
Plate 11, fig. 139
Pleurotoma carinulata Souverbie, 1875.
Type locality: Art Island, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7.
Eucyclotoma cf. tricarinata (Kiener, 1839)
Plate 10, fig. 137
Pleurotoma tricarinata Kiener, 1839.
Type locality: Unknown.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7.
Genus Exomilus Hedley, 1918
Type species: Mangelia lutaria Hedley, 1907 accepted as Exomilus lutarius (Hedley, 1907) (type by original designation). Type locality: 80 fm. [146 m], 22 miles E of Narrabeen, NSW, Australia.
Remarks: We follow Fedosov & Puillandre (2012) by using the genus Exomilus for the following two species, even though the type of Exomilus is a temperate species and probably not related to the species listed here, while some of the species currently placed in Kermia or Pseudodaphnella appear to be closer. However, the delimitation of these complicated genera needs molecular methods and is beyond the scope of the present paper. The use of Exomilus is utilized for the reason of consistency.
Exomilus compressus Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012
Plate 8, fig. 99
Exomilus compressa Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012.
Type locality: 15°24′22″S, 167°13′02″E, 38 m, Palikulo Bay, Vanuatu.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Exomilus edychrous (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 8, fig. 101
Clathurella edychroa Hervier, 1897a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Genus Hemilienardia O. Boettger, 1895
Type species: Pleurotoma (Defrancia) malleti Récluz, 1852 accepted as Hemilienardia malleti (Récluz, 1852) (type by original designation). Type locality: Pacific Ocean.
Hemilienardia acinonyx Fedosov et al., 2017
Plate 7, fig. 85
Hemilienardia acinonyx Fedosov, Stahlschmidt, Puillandre, Aznar-Cormano & Bouchet, 2017.
Type locality: Panglao Island, off Momo Beach, lumunlumun net, 60-80 m.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp5, idp5.2, idp8.
Hemilienardia calcicincta (Melvill & Standen, 1895)
Plate 7, fig. 83
Mangilia (Glyphostoma) calcicincta Melvill & Standen, 1895.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes, but was described from Lifou, therefore is not new to New Caledonia.
Hemilienardia cf. gemmulata Wiedrick, 2017
Plate 7, fig. 82
Hemilienardia gemmulata Wiedrick, 2017.
Type locality: 11°29′0.12″N, 119°50′13.82″E; in tangle nets at 150 m, off Linapacan Island, Palawan Province, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.2.
Remarks: There is a group of very similar species, morphologically comprising of Hemilienardia gemmulata, H. fenestrata (Melvill, 1898), and H. hersilia (Hedley, 1922), that appear to be different species. The present morphotype appears to differ slightly from Hemilienardia gemmulata in the larger size, more shouldered whorls, and denser sculpture. Molecular studies are required for a resolution to this species complex.
Hemilienardia homochroa Hedley, 1922
Plate 7, fig. 79
Hemilienardia homochroa Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: Two Isles, off Cape Flattery, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Hemilienardia idiomorpha (Hervier, 1897) n. comb.
Plate 7, fig. 84
Clathurella idiomorpha Hervier, 1897a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: The diagonally cancellated protoconch is indicative of the family Raphitomidae and this species is tentatively assigned to the genus Hemilienardia.
Hemilienardia malleti (Récluz, 1852)
Plate 7, fig. 80
Pleurotoma (Defrancia) malleti Récluz, 1852.
Type locality: Pacific Ocean.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Hemilienardia mikesevernsi Wiedrick, 2017
Plate 7, fig. 81
Hemilienardia mikesevernsi Wiedrick, 2017.
Type locality: 19°40′3.18″N, 156°1′48.91″W; in sand and rubble at 8-29 m, Off Honokohau Harbor, Kona North District, Hawai'i, Hawaiian Islands.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2.
Hemilienardia shawnmilleri Wiedrick, 2017
Plate 7, fig. 87
Hemilienardia shawnmilleri Wiedrick, 2017.
Type Locality: 26°50.8′N, 128°17.2′E; in sand and coral among channels and caves at 12-20 m, North northwest Oku, Ryukyushoto, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3.2, idp5.2, idp6.
Hemilienardia sp.
Plate 7, fig. 86
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5, idp5.2.
Genus Kermia W. R. B. Oliver, 1915
Type species: Kermia benhami W. R. B. Oliver, 1915. (type by original designation). Type locality: 10-30 m, near Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.
Kermia benhami Oliver, 1915
Plate 8, fig. 102
Kermia benhami Oliver, 1915.
Type locality: 10-30 m, near Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Kermia cf. benhami Oliver, 1915
Plate 8, fig. 103
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp6.
Remarks: The New Caledonian morphotype is similar to Kermia benhami (Oliver, 1915), but differs in broader and more angulate whorls, as well as in a different ratio of aperture length to total shell length, (1.9 versus 2.3 for K. benhami). The specimens sampled from southern New Caledonia were not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Kermia episema (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 9, fig. 117
Clathurella episema Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Kermia melanoxytum (Hervier, 1896)
Plate 9, fig. 122
Glyphostoma melanoxytum Hervier, 1896a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Kermia sp.20
Plate 8, figs 104-106
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Remarks: These morphotypes may prove to be a species complex, as they vary in pattern, shape, and colour. But since all kind of intermediates exist, it is difficult to draw a line and segregate them into morphospecies. Molecular studies are required for resolving this species complex.
Genus Kuroshiodaphne Shuto, 1965
Type species: Daphnella fuscobalteata E. A. Smith, 1879 accepted as Kuroshiodaphne fuscobalteata (E. A. Smith, 1879) (type by original designation). Type locality: Station 21.33°45′N, 132°30′E; 30 fathoms [55 m], between south-western extremity of Niphon and the island of Shikoku [Japan].
Kuroshiodaphne aff. supracancellata
(Schepman, 1913)
Plate 11, fig. 142
Daphnella supracancellata Schepman, 1913.
Type locality: 75 m, Kwandang Bay entrance. [Sulawesi, Indonesia].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.
Remarks: The specimen collected is similar to Kuroshiodaphne supracancellata (Schepman, 1913), but differs in the less convex whorls, broader spiral cords, and the less constricted aperture at the anterior and posterior ends. This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Genus Microdaphne McLean, 1971
Type species: Philbertia trichodes Dall, 1919 accepted as Microdaphne trichodes (Dall, 1919) (type by original designation). Type locality: Panama Bay.
Microdaphne morrisoni Rehder, 1980
Plate 11, fig. 153
Microdaphne morrisoni Rehder, 1980.
Type locality: Moto Mataira, Raoia, Tuamotu Islands [French Polynesia].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Genus Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872
Type species: Pleurotomella packardii Verrill, 1872. (type by monotypy). Type locality: 42°11′N, 67°17′W; 150 fm [275 m], St. George's Bank.
Pleurotomella cf. itama (Melvill, 1906)
Plate 12, fig. 156
Daphnella (Pleurotomella) itama Melvill, 1906.
Type locality: 24°58′N, 56°54′E; 156 fm [285 m], Gulf of Oman.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3.
Remarks: The generic placement of that species is tentative. The specimens collected seem to be congeneric to Pleurotomella itama (Melvill, 1906) described from the Gulf of Oman, but differ from the latter by the stronger sculpture and the more angulated whorls.
Genus Pseudodaphnella Boettger, 1895
Type species: Pleurotoma philippinensis Reeve, 1843 accepted as Pseudodaphnella philippinensis (Reeve, 1843) (type by original designation). Type locality: found under stones at low water, Islands of Masbate and Luzon, Philippines.
Pseudodaphnella cf. apicalis (Montrouzier in Souverbie, 1861)
Plate 10, fig. 127
Pleurotoma apicalis Montrouzier in Souverbie, 1861.
Type locality: Art Island, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp8.
Remarks: The present specimen might be Pseudodaphnella apicalis (Montrouzier, 1861), but differs in having more shouldered whorls.
Pseudodaphnella aureotincta (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 9, fig. 112
Clathurella tincta var. aureotincta Hervier, 1897a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp5.2.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes, but was described from Lifou, and therefore is not new to New Caledonia.
Pseudodaphnella cf. barnardi (Brazier, 1876)
Plate 9, fig. 110
Clathurella barnardi Brazier, 1876.
Type locality: Barnard Island, north east Australia [Queensland].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Remarks: According to Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012, “Pseudodaphnella phaeogranulata nov. sp. strongly resembles P. barnardi, its closest molecular relative. The only difference seems to be in the colour of the axial bands, which are black in P. barnardi and brown in P. phaeogranulata.” The coloration of the present species is blackish-brown and without molecular confirmation, its identity is uncertain.
Pseudodaphnella caelata (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 9, fig. 123
Clathurella caelata, Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Viti Isles [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Pseudodaphnella caletria (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 8, fig. 94
Clathurella caletria Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2.
Pseudodaphnella daedalea (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 10, fig. 126
Clathurella daedalea Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Viti Isles [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella aff. drupelloides (Kilburn, 2009)
Plate 8, fig. 108
Kermia drupelloides Kilburn, 2009.
Type locality: 30°17′S, 30°45′E; ca -35 m, in shell grit, off Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: The New Caledonian morphotype is very similar to Pseudodaphnella drupelloides (Kilburn, 2009) but appears to differ in having slightly stronger knobs on the teleoconch whorls and a stronger parietal pad that constricts the opening of the anal sinus.
Pseudodaphnella fallax Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012
Plate 9, fig. 113
Pseudodaphnella fallax Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012.
Type locality: stn. B19, 9°29.4′N, 123°56.0′E; 17 m, Expedition ‘Panglao 2004′, Pamilacan Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Pseudodaphnella granosa (Dunker, 1871)
Plate 8, fig. 107
Clathurella granosa G. Dunker, 1871.
Type locality: Upolu [Samoa].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella hadfieldi (Melvill & Standen, 1895)
Plate 10, fig. 124
Pleurotoma (Drillia) hadfieldi Melvill & Standen, 1895.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella infrasulcata (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 8, fig. 98
Clathurella infrasulcata Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Viti Isles [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella aff. lineata Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012
Plate 9, fig. 114
Pseudodaphnella lineata Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012.
Type locality: stn. B25, 9°29.4′N, 123°56.1′E; 16 m, Expedition ‘Panglao 2004’, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: The Ile des Pins specimen differs from typical Pseudodaphnella lineata Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012 in having a slightly stronger spiral sculpture and the less-convex and almost flat-sided whorls, resulting in a different shell profile.
Pseudodaphnella martensi (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875)
Plate 9, fig. 115
Clathurella martensi G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875.
Type locality: Balapiti in Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp4, idp6, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella philippinensis (Reeve, 1843)
Plate 10, fig. 129
Pleurotoma philippinensis Reeve, 1843.
Type locality: Masbate and Luzon Islands, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Pseudodaphnella producta (Pease, 1860)
Plate 10, fig. 125
Clathurella producta Pease, 1860.
Type locality: Sandwich Islands [Hawaii].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Pseudodaphnella punctifera (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 9, fig. 121
Clathurella punctifera Garrett, 1873.
Type locality: Society, Samoa, and Viti [Fiji].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp5, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella aff. punctifera (Garrett, 1873)
Plate 9, fig. 120
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp7.
Remarks: The Ile des Pins morphotype differs from Pseudodaphnella punctifera (Garrett, 1873) in having a stronger sculpture and different coloration.
Pseudodaphnella rubroguttata (H. Adams, 1872)
Plate 9, fig. 118
Clathurella rubro-guttata H. Adams, 1872.
Type locality: New Hebrides [Vanuatu].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Pseudodaphnella cf. rubroguttata (Adams, 1872)
Plate 9, fig. 119
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5.2.
Remarks: Specimens from New Caledonia are similar to Pseudodaphnella rubroguttata (Adams, 1872) but have a less bulbous outline and a stronger parietal region that constricts the opening of the anal sinus.
Pseudodaphnella santoa Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012
Plate 9, fig. 116
Pseudodaphnella santoa Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012.
Type locality: 15°32′23″S, 167°12′08″E; Aoré Is., N Side of Ambuei Bay, Vanuatu.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Pseudodaphnella spyridula (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 8, fig. 100
Clathurella spyridula Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella thereganum (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 7, fig. 89
Mangilia (Glyphostoma) thereganum Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.2, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella thespesia (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 10, fig. 128
Daphnella thespesia Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp5, idp8.
Pseudodaphnella tigroidella (Hervier, 1896)
Plate 7, fig. 93
Glyphostoma tigroidellum Hervier, 1896a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Pseudodaphnella cf. tincta (Reeve, 1846)
Plate 9, fig. 111
Pleurotoma tincta Reeve, 1846.
Type locality: Unknown.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Remarks: The present morphotype is similar to Pseudodaphnella tincta (Reeve, 1846) but differs in the stronger sculpture, the larger size and lower number of apertural denticles and coloration.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 8
Plate 7, fig. 92
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp6, idp7.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 9
Plate 8, fig. 96
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 10
Plate 7, fig. 88
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp5, idp6.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 11
Plate 8, fig. 95
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 12
Plate 7, fig. 90
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 14
Plate 8, fig. 97
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 15
Plate 7, fig. 91
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp5.
Pseudodaphnella sp. 21
Plate 9, fig. 109
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Genus Thetidos Hedley, 1899
Type species: Thetidos morsura Hedley, 1899 (type by original designation). Type locality: 40-80 fm [73-146 m], Funafuti Atoll, [Tuvalu].
Thetidos cf. morsura Hedley, 1899
Plate 12, fig. 154
Thetidos morsura Hedley, 1899.
Type locality: 40-80 fm [73-146 m], Funafuti Atoll, [Tuvalu].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3.2, idp5.2.
Remarks: Fedosov & Stahlschmidt (2014) demonstrated that Thetidos morsura either displays considerable morphological variability in shell structure and colouration or represents a complex of related species. The present morphospecies is less globular but more pyramidal in shape and has higher aperture. This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Genus Tritonoturris Dall, 1924
Type species: Clathurella robillardi H. Adams, 1869 accepted as Tritonoturris amabilis (Hinds, 1843) (type by original designation). Type locality: Barkly Island, Mauritius.
Tritonoturris cumingii (Powys, 1835)
Plate 10, fig. 130
Buccinum cumingii Powys in Powys & G. B. Sowerby I, 1835.
Type locality: Grimwood's Isle [Fangatau southeast of Mururoa, Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp5.
Tritonoturris lifouana (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 10, fig. 134
Daphnella lifouana Hervier, 1897a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp8.
Tritonoturris menecharmes (Melvill, 1923)
Plate 11, fig. 147
Veprecula menecharmes Melvill, 1923.
Type locality: Mauritius.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5, idp5.2.
Tritonoturris subrissoides (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 10, fig. 133
Daphnella varicosa var. subrissoides Hervier, 1897a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp3.2, idp5, idp6, idp8.
Tritonoturris cf. subrissoides (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 10, fig. 132
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.
Remarks: This morphospecies differs from Tritonoturris subrissoides (Hervier, 1897) in having a stronger and denser axial sculpture. Compared to Tritonoturris sp. 1, it has less angulate whorls and less recurved axial ribs. This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Tritonoturris sp. 1
Plate 10, fig. 131
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Genus Veprecula Melvill, 1917
Type species: Clathurella sykesii Melvill & Standen, 1903 accepted as Veprecula sykesii (Melvill & Standen, 1903) (type by original designation). Type locality: 24°58′N, 56°51′ E; 156 fathoms [285 m], Gulf of Oman.
Veprecula aff. spanionema (Melvill, 1917)
Plate 11, fig. 148
Clathurina spanionema Melvill, 1917.
Type locality: 24°58′N, 56°51′E; 156 fathoms [285 m], Gulf of Oman.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Remarks: Veprecula spanionema (Melvill, 1917) was described from the Gulf of Oman and is only here tentatively recorded, based on an eroded type specimen from idp1. A comparison of fresh material from the type locality is needed to confidently authenticate these two morphotypes as being conspecific.
Veprecula vacillata Hedley, 1922
Plate 11, fig. 149
Veprecula vacillata Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 5-10 fm [9-18 m], Hope Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp4.
Veprecula aff. vepratica (Hedley, 1903)
Plate 11, fig. 151
Pleurotoma vepratica Hedley, 1903.
Type localities: 63-75 fm [115-137 m], off Port Kembla; 50-52 fm [91-95 m], off Botany Bay; 41-50 fm [75-91 m], off Cape Three Points; 24 fm [44 m], off Cabbage Tree Island, Port Stephens; Torres Straits.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp4.
Remarks: This morphotype is very similar to Veprecula vepratica (Hedley, 1903) but differs in having a higher and has less convex protoconch, as well as fainter sculpture in the teleoconch whorls.
Veprecula sp. 1
Plate 11, fig. 152
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1.
Veprecula sp. 2
Plate 11, fig. 150
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5.
Raphitomid sp.
Plate 12, fig. 155
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3.
Remarks: Unequivocal shell characteristics which would enable an assignment of this species to a genus are missing and, therefore, we assign it tentatively to Incertae sedis rather than to a specific genus.
Family Mangeliidae Fischer, 1883
21 morphotypes
Genus Eucithara Fischer, 1883
Type species: Mangelia stromboides Reeve, 1846 accepted as Eucithara stromboides (Reeve, 1846) (type by original designation). Type locality: Bohol Island, Philippines.
Eucithara celebensis (Hinds, 1843)
Plate 12, fig. 160
Mangelia celebensis Hinds, 1843.
Type locality: 10 fm [18 m], Straits of Macassar.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
Eucithara crystallina (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 12, figs 161-162
Cithara crystallina Hervier, 1897b.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp5.
Eucithara cf. harpellina (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 12, fig. 157
Cithara harpellina Hervier, 1897b.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: idp2.
Remarks: The present morphotype is similar to Eucithara harpellina (Hervier, 1897), but differs in having more shouldered whorls and a finer spiral sculpture.
Eucithara cf. isseli (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875)
Plate 12, fig. 159
Cythara isseli G. & H. Nevill, 1875.
Type locality: Balapiti, Ceylon [Sri Lanka].
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp5.2.
Remarks: Compared to typical Eucithara isseli (Nevill & Nevill, 1875) specimens, the present specimens differ in having a denser axial sculpture.
Eucithara cf. lepidella (Hervier, 1897)
Plate 12, fig. 158
Cithara lepidella Hervier, 1897b.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5, idp6.
Remarks: As the type material could not be located, it was not possibly to compare it directly with our specimens. According to the original figure of E. lepidella, this form differs in having a denser axial sculpture and more numerous denticles on the inner and outer lips.
Eucithara souverbiei (Tryon, 1884)
Plate 12, fig. 163
Mangilia (Cythara) souverbiei Tryon, 1884.
Type locality: New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp8.
Genus Gingicithara Kilburn, 1992
Type species: Mangelia lyrica Reeve, 1846 accepted as Gingicithara lyrica (Reeve, 1846) (type by original designation). Type locality: among coarse sand, 7 fathoms [13 m], Burias Island, Philippines.
Gingicithara notabilis (E. A. Smith, 1888)
Plate 12, figs 164-165
Pleurotoma (Mangilia) notabilis E. A. Smith, 1888.
Type locality: unknown.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Genus Heterocithara Hedley, 1922
Type species: Clathurella bilineata Angas, 1871 accepted as Heterocithara bilineata (Angas, 1871) (type by original designation). Type locality: Dredge near “Sow and Pigs reef”, Port Jackson, NSW, Australia.
Heterocithara diatula (Hervier, 1897) n. comb.
Plate 13, fig. 175
Mangilia diatula Hervier, 1897b.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp7.
Heterocithara himerta (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 13, fig. 168
Mangilia himerta Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Heterocithara isophanes (Hervier, 1897) n. comb.
Plate 13, figs 172-173
Mangilia isophanes Hervier, 1897b.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp8.
Remarks: No syntypes of M. isophanes were detected at MNHN, but a specimen in the Dautzenberg collection (ISBN; probably received from Hervier) agrees well with the original drawing and with the present specimens. The species shows some variability in the colour pattern of the shell.
Heterocithara strombillum (Hervier, 1896) Plate 13, fig. 167
Glyphostoma strombillum Hervier, 1896a.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp7, idp8.
Heterocithara sp. 13
Plate 12, fig. 166
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp5.2.
Heterocithara sp. 14
Plate 13, fig. 169
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp4, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp8.
Heterocithara sp. 16
Plate 13, fig. 170
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp3, idp5, idp5.2, idp6, idp8.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Heterocithara sp. 17
Plate 13, fig. 171
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2, idp5, idp7, idp8.
Heterocithara sp. 18
Plate 13, fig. 174
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp6.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Heterocithara sp. 19
Plate 13, fig. 176
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp2, idp3, idp3.2, idp5, idp5.2, idp7.
Remarks: This morphotype was not recorded in the unpublished MNHN catalogue of morphotypes.
Genus Macteola Hedley, 1918
Type species: Purpura anomala Angas, 1877 accepted as Macteola anomala (Angas, 1877) (type by original designation). Type locality: 25 fathoms [46 m], Port Jackson-Heads, NSW, Australia.
Macteola cf. interrupta (Reeve, 1846)
Plate 13, figs 180-181
Mangelia interrupta Reeve, 1846.
Type locality: Ticao Island, Philippines.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp1, idp4, idp5.
Remarks: The southern New Caledonian specimens differs from Macteola interrupta (Reeve, 1846) by having more sloping whorls resulting in a different shell outline, as well as a completely different colour pattern.
Macteola thalycra (Melvill & Standen, 1896)
Plate 13, fig. 179
Mangilia thalycra; Melvill & Standen, 1896.
Type locality: Lifou, New Caledonia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp7.
Genus Pseudorhaphitoma O. Boettger, 1895
Type species: Mangelia fairbanki G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875 accepted as Pseudorhaphitoma fairbanki (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875) (type by original designation). Type locality: Bombay [India].
Pseudorhaphitoma hervieri Hedley, 1922 n. comb.
Plate 13, fig. 178
Anacithara hervieri Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 5 to 8 fathoms [9-15 m], Murray Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp5, idp7.
Remarks: This species was originally described in the genus Anacithara (a genus which is now classified in the Horaiclavidae) but the axially ribbed protoconch is clearly indicative of Mangeliidae. The claviform shells with the high spire, the denticle on the callus of the inner lip, and the granular spiral sculpture is characteristic for the genus Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895.
Pseudorhaphitoma transitans Hedley, 1922
Plate 13, fig. 177
Pseudorhaphitoma transitans Hedley, 1922.
Type locality: 15 fathoms [27 m], Plam Island, Queensland, Australia.
Material examined: New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: st. idp2.
DISCUSSION
While the number of morphotypes observed during this mission seems relatively low compared to the average number of morphospecies reported in the three sites surveyed by the MNHN (approximately 280 species per site), this richness is considered remarkable when taking into account the limited sampling effort and range of the habitats surveyed. Typical expeditions performed by the MHNH average approximately 500 workdays across all participants for the duration of the mission, compared to a much smaller effort (8 workdays in the field) in the current study. Moreover, only a small portion of the north-western region of Ile des Pins was sampled, with all stations but one within a 4.6 km2 proximity. Furthermore, the range of habitats sampled was limited to outer reefs and passages while fringing reefs, intermediate reefs, sea grass beds and other soft bottom habitats where unexplored. In perspective, the area sampled by the Montrouzier expeditions, estimated at 350 km2 at Touho and Koumac (Bouchet, 1994), covered a full range of available habitats. Therefore, it is assumed that a comparable sampling effort at Ile des Pins would very likely result in many additional morphotypes.
Plate 1
Figs 1-12: Drilliidae (1) Clavus bilineatus (Reeve, 1845), 12.6 mm. (2) Clavus lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860) 8.2 mm. (3) Clavus aff. lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860), 6.2 mm. (4) Clavus virginieae Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014, 9.3 mm. (5) Clavus formosus (Reeve, 1846), 14.4 mm. (6) Iredalea inclinata (Sowerby III, 1893), 17.0 mm. (7) Clavus pica Reeve, 1843, 22.1 mm. (8) Clavus picoides Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014, 10.9 mm. (9) Clavus moquinianus Montrouzier, 1874, 7.4 mm. (10) Plagiostropha sp., 5.3 mm. (11) Iredalea balteata (Gould, 1860), 4.4 mm. (12) Iredalea cf. balteata (Gould, 1860), 4.8 mm.
Plate 2
Figs 13-23: Pseudomelatomidae; Horaiclavidae (13) Crassispira scala Kantor, Stahlschmidt, Aznar-Cormano, Bouchet & Puillandre, 2017, 16.6 mm. (14) Carinapex philippinensis Wiedrick, 2015, 3.8 mm. (15) Carinapex amirowlandae Wiedrick, 2015, 3.3 mm. (16) Carinapex minutissima (Garrett, 1873), 2.5 mm. (17) Carinapex chaneyi Wiedrick, 2015, 3.5 mm. (18) Carinapex mooreorum Wiedrick, 2015, 2.3 mm. (19) Ceritoturris theoteles (Melvill & Standen, 1896) 4.5 mm. (20) Ceritoturris cf. theoteles (Melvill & Standen, 1896) 4.3 mm. (21) Ceritoturris papillosa (Garrett, 1873), 2.6 mm. (22) Ceritoturris sp.1, 3.3 mm. (23) Anacithara cf. lita (Melvill & Standen, 1896) 5.3 mm.
Plate 3
Figs 24-36: Horaiclavidae; Turridae (24) Anacithara sp.3, 6.4 mm. (25) Anacithara conata (Hedley, 1909), 4.6 mm. (26) Anacithara themeropis (Melvill & Standen, 1896) 4.3 mm. (27) Anacithara cf. stricta Hedley, 1922, 4.4 mm. (28) Graciliclava costata (Hedley, 1922), 7.3 mm. (29) Lophiotoma sp., 33.9 mm. (30) Turridrupa diffusa Powell, 1967, 17.5 mm. (31) Turridrupa cf. jubata (Hinds, 1843), 20.2 mm. (32) Turridrupa consobrina Powell, 1967, 13.1 mm. (33) Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843), 13.9 mm. (34) Xenuroturris millepunctata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1909), 31.9 mm. (35) Xenuroturris legitima Iredale, 1929, 37.0 mm. (36) Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822), 28.8 mm.
Plate 4
Figs 37-51: Mitromorphidae. (37) Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849), 9.2 mm. (38) Mitromorpha sp.6, 7.3 mm. (39) Mitromorpha drivasi Chang, 1995, 6.6 mm. (40) Mitromorpha fisheri (Hervier, 1900), 5.2 mm. (41) Mitromorpha sp.3 6.4 mm. (42-43) Mitromorpha metula (Hinds, 1843), 3.6 mm, 5.3 mm. (44) Mitromorpha sublachryma (Hervier, 1900), 6.2 mm. (45) Mitromorpha cf. sublachryma morph 1 (Hervier, 1900), 6.5 mm. (46) Mitromorpha cf. sublachryma morph 2 (Hervier, 1900), 9.1 mm. (47) Mitromorpha cf. sublachryma morph 3 (Hervier, 1900), 4.8 mm. (48) Mitromorpha inornata (Hervier, 1900), 4.6 mm. (49) Mitromorpha sp. 5, 6.2 mm. (50) Mitromorpha iozona (Hervier, 1900), 5.4 mm. (51) Mitromorpha alphonsiana (Hervier, 1900), 5.5 mm.
Plate 5
Figs 52-63: Mitromorphidae; Clathurellidae. (52) Mitromorpha salisburyi (Cernohorsky, 1978), 4.3 mm. (53) Mitromorpha aff. thalaoides (Chino & Stahlschmidt, 2014), 4.7 mm. (54) Nannodiella acricula (Hedley, C., 1922), 3.1 mm. (55) Nannodiella cf. tortilabia (Hedley, C., 1922), 3.4 mm. (56) Acrista pusilla (Dunker, 1871), 4.0 mm. (57) Acrista latirella (Melvill, Standen, 1896), 3.5 mm. (58) Acrista tuberculifera (Hervier, 1896), 4.8 mm. (59) Acrista nana (Hervier, 1896), 6.3 mm. (60) Lienardia compta (Reeve, 1845), 7.3 mm. (61) Lienardia sp. 1, 8.1 mm. (62) Lienardia sp. 2, 4.9 mm. (63) Clathurella verrucosa Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018, 4.7 mm.
Plate 6
Figs 64-78: Clathurellidae. (64) Lienardia fallax (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875), 4.4 mm. (65) Lienardia tricolor (Brazier, 1876), 6.4 mm. (66) Lienardia mighelsi Iredale & Tomlin, 1917, 6.3 mm. (67) Lienardia giliberti (Souverbie, S.M. in Souverbie, S.M. & R.P. Montrouzier, 1874), 7.4 mm. (68) Lienardia roseotincta (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1872), 7.7 mm. (69) Lienardia aff. vultuosa (Reeve, 1845), 10.9 mm. (70) Etrema sp. 1, 10.0 mm. (71) Etrema sp. 1b, 11.5 mm. (72) Etrema sp. 1c, 6.5 mm. (73) Etrema cf. polydesma Hedley, 1923, 4.3 mm. (76) Etrema sp. 6, 6.7 mm. (75) Etrema aff. crassilabrum (Reeve, 1843), 8.5 mm. (76) Etrema cf. crassilabrum (Reeve, 1843), 11.6 mm. (77) Etrema cf. glabriplicatum (Sowerby III, 1913), 9.5 mm. (78) Etrema sp. 5, 4.0 mm.
Plate 7
Figs 79-93: Raphitomidae. (79) Hemilienardia homochroa (Hedley, 1922), 3.8 mm. (80) Hemilienardia malleti (Récluz, 1852), 4.4 mm. (81) Hemilienardia mikesevernsi Wiedrick, 2017, 4.1 mm. (82) Hemilienardia cf. gemmulata Wiedrick, 2017, 6.9 mm. (83) Hemilienardia calcicincta (Melvill & Standen, 1895), 3.4 mm. (84) Hemilienardia idiomorpha (Hervier, 1897), 4.1 mm. (85) Hemilienardia acinonyx Fedosov et al., 2017, 7.5 mm. (86) Hemilienardia sp., 4.0 mm. (87) Hemilienardia shawnmilleri Wiedrick, 2017, 5.0 mm. (88) Pseudodaphnella sp.10, 4.5 mm. (89) Pseudodaphnella thereganum (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 6.9 mm. (90) Pseudodaphnella sp. 12, 6.4 mm. (91) Pseudodaphnella sp.15, 5.9 mm. (92) Pseudodaphnella sp. 8, 6.5 mm. (93) Pseudodaphnella tigroidella (Hervier, 1896), 7.2 mm.
Plate 8
Figs 94-108: Raphitomidae. (94) Pseudodaphnella caletria (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 6.0 mm. (95) Pseudodaphnella sp. 11, 4.3 mm. (96) Pseudodaphnella sp. 9, 7.3 mm. (97) Pseudodaphnella sp.14, 3.0 mm. (98) Pseudodaphnella infrasulcata (Garrett, 1873), 6.9 mm. (99) Exomilus compressus Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012, 3.6 mm. (100) Pseudodaphnella spyridula (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 2.9 mm. (101) Exomilus edychrous (Hervier, 1897), 3.2 mm. (102) Kermia benhami Oliver, 1915, 3.1 mm. (103) Kermia cf. benhami Oliver, 1915, 3.1 mm. (104-106) Kermia sp. 20., 3.3 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.3 mm. (107) Pseudodaphnella granosa (Dunker, 1871), 5.5 mm. (108) Pseudodaphnella aff. drupelloides (Kilburn, 2009), 3.5 mm.
Plate 9
Figs 109-123: Raphitomidae. (109) Pseudodaphnella sp. 21, 5.2 mm. (110) Pseudodaphnella cf. barnardi (Brazier,1876), 4.1 mm. (111 Pseudodaphnella cf. tincta (Reeve, 1846), 4.9 mm. (112) Pseudodaphnella aureotincta (Hervier, 1897), 7.0 mm. (113) Pseudodaphnella fallax Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012, 5.0 mm. (114) Pseudodaphnella aff. lineata Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012, 4.5 mm. (115) Pseudodaphnella martensi (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875), 4.4 mm. (116) Pseudodaphnella santoa Fedosov & Puillandre, 2012, 5.3 mm. (117) Kermia episema (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 3.1 mm. (118) Pseudodaphnella rubroguttata (Adams, 1872), 8.3 mm. (119) Pseudodaphnella cf. rubroguttata (Adams, 1872), 6.1 mm. (120) Pseudodaphnella aff. punctifera (Garrett, 1873), 4.4 mm. (121) Pseudodaphnella punctifera (Garrett, 1873), 4.5 mm. (122) Kermia melanoxytum (Hervier, 1896), 5.7 mm. (123) Pseudodaphnella caelata (Garrett, 1873), 4.6 mm.
Plate 10
Figs 124-138: Raphitomidae. (124) Pseudodaphnella hadfieldi (Melvill & Standen, 1895), 7.9 mm. (125) Pseudodaphnella producta (Pease, 1860), 4.9 mm. (126 Pseudodaphnella daedalea (Garrett, 1873), 6.8 mm. (127) Pseudodaphnella cf. apicalis (Montrouzier in Souverbie, 1861), 4.8 mm. (128) Pseudodaphnella thespesia (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 5.5 mm. (129) Pseudodaphnella philippinensis (Reeve, 1843), 16.9 mm. (130) Tritonoturris cumingii (Powys, 1835), 5.2 mm. (131) Tritonoturris sp. 1, 6.6 mm. (132) Tritonoturris cf. subrissoides (Hervier, 1897), 4.8 mm. (133) Tritonoturris subrissoides (Hervier, 1897), 8.1 mm. (134) Tritonoturris lifouana (Hervier, 1897), 7.2 mm. (135) Daphnella sp. 3, 5.0 mm. (136) Daphnella vitrea Garrett, 1873, 4.3 mm. (137) Eucyclotoma cf. tricarinata (Kiener, 1839), 4.7 mm. (138) Eucyclotoma bicarinata (Pease, 1863), 4.7 mm.
Plate 11
Figs 139-153: Raphitomidae. (139) Eucyclotoma carinulata (Souverbie, 1875), 4.7 mm. (140) Austrodaphnella torresensis Shuto, 1983, 3.9 mm. (141) Daphnella pluricarinata (Reeve, 1845), 5.2 mm. (142) Kuroshiodaphne aff. supracancellata (Schepman, 1913), 15.2 mm. (143) Daphnella ornata Hinds, 1844, 11.7 mm. (144) Diaugasma olyra (Reeve, 1845), 8.0 mm. (145) Daphnella canaliculata Ardovini, 2009, 7.6 mm. (146) Daphnella sp. 2, 4.1 mm. (147) Tritonoturris menecharmes (Melvill, 1923), 11.7 mm. (148) Veprecula aff. spanionema (Melvill, 1917). (149) Veprecula vacillata Hedley, 1922, 4.9 mm. (150) Veprecula sp. 2, 4.9 mm. (151) Veprecula aff. vepratica (Hedley, 1903), 4.4 mm. (152) Veprecula sp.1, 5.8 mm. (153) Microdaphne morrisoni Rehder, 1980, 3.2 mm.
Plate 12
Figs 154-166: Raphitomidae; Mangeliidae. (154) Thetidos cf. morsura (Hedley, 1899), 4.5 mm. (155) Raphitomid sp., 3.1 mm. (156) Pleurotomella cf. itama (Melvill, 1906), 4.9 mm. (157) Eucithara cf. harpellina (Hervier, 1897), 4.9 mm. (158) Eucithara cf. lepidella (Hervier, 1897), 6.8 mm. (159) Eucithara cf. isseli (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1875), 8.2 mm. (160) Eucithara celebensis (Hinds, 1843), 7.1 mm. (161-162) Eucithara crystallina (Hervier, 1897), 5.0 mm, 4.4 mm. (163) Eucithara souverbiei (Tryon, G.W. 1884), 5.2 mm. (164-165) Gingicithara notabilis (E. A. Smith, 1888), 3.9 mm, 3.4 mm. (166) Heterocithara sp. 13, 6.4 mm.
Plate 13
Figs 167-181: Mangeliidae. (167) Heterocithara strombillum (Hervier, 1896), 3.5 mm. (168) Heterocithara himerta (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 5.3 mm. (169) Heterocithara sp. 14, 4.3 mm. (170) Heterocithara sp. 16, 3.6 mm. (171) Heterocithara sp. 17, 4.0 mm. (172-173) Heterocithara isophanes (Hervier, 1897), 4.2 mm, 3.8 mm. (174) Heterocithara sp. 18, 6.8 mm. (175) Heterocithara diatula Hervier, 1897, 3.3 mm. (176) Heterocithara sp. 19, 3.3 mm. (177) Pseudorhaphitoma transitans Hedley, 1922, 3.3 mm. (178) Pseudorhaphitoma hervieri Hedley, 1922, 5.0 mm. (179) Macteola thalycra (Melvill & Standen, 1896), 6.0 mm. (180) Macteola cf. interrupta (Reeve, 1846), 5.4 mm. (181) Macteola cf. interrupta (Reeve, 1846), juvenile 3.3 mm.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The mission carried out during February 2019, under permit authorization n° 4296-2018/ARR/DENV and 4525-2018/ARR/DENV, was delivered by the Department of Environment in the South Province of New Caledonia. The customary authorization to collect in Ile des Pins was gracious given on the spot by M. Adrien Apikaoua in absence of the high chief Hilarion Vendegou and we are appreciative of this authorization by M. Apikaoua. We are grateful to the Kunié Diving Club team for their enthusiastic assistance which enabled a successful sampling effort on this trip. We also sincerely thank Charles Laurent, Shawn Wiedrick and Dr Peter Schuchert for their in detailed review of the manuscript. The mission was personally funded by the authors and was additionally supported by the MHNG. The second author is grateful to the Molluscan Science Foundation, Inc. (Owings Mills, U.S.A.), Dr Michael A. Mont and Dr Felix Lorenz for their financial support of his research on turrid taxonomy. Last, but not least, we want to thank M. Pierre Laboute for his kind support in Noumea.
