A small percentage of adult dark-morph female eastern tiger swallowtails, Papilio glaucus L. (Papilionidae), display wing coloration patterns intermediate between those of normal yellow-morph and normal dark-morph females. One of these patterns (which, for the sake of convenience, I refer to in this paper as the “trigon” pattern) involves normal melanization of the scales in the basal portions of the dorsal wing surfaces but incomplete melanization of the scales in the central portions, resulting in the appearance of an inverted triangle (trigon) centered on the insect's body when the wings are outstretched. Between mid-July and mid- August 2010, I observed trigon-type female P. glaucus in the Terre Haute (Vigo Co.), Indiana region for the first time since I had begun systematically observing the P. glaucus in the area in 2002. Five trigon-type females out of 2,388 females were observed, suggesting that the trigon type comprised about 0.2% of the local female P. glaucus population. An examination of photographs of P. glaucus posted on an insect/spider identification website by users from throughout P. glaucus's range revealed a notable increase in the percentage of trigon-type females in 2010, suggesting that the Vigo Co. increase was not a localized phenomenon. I concluded that the unusually high temperatures that prevailed in the summer of 2010 affected wing pigment production during pupal development, thereby serving to make the trigon phenotype more prevalent that year. Other evidence further suggests that in general the prevalence of the trigon phenotype is associated with elevated temperatures (e.g. severe heat events). The findings of the present study suggest that if record high temperatures continue to prevail throughout P. glaucus's range during pupal development times, dark female P. glaucus expressing the trigon (and other intermediate) color patterns could become more prevalent, potentially altering the dynamics of dark female P. glaucus's mimetic relationship with Battus philenor in the most impacted populations.

A new species of Chionodes Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae), C. hodgesorum, is described from White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico. Ron and Elaine Hodges were special mentors in my study of Lepidoptera. Thus this description to honor Ron and Elaine is published in the year of Ronald W. Hodges' 80th birthday, 2014. Images of the imago and male and female genitalia are included, and a map of New Mexico showing the type-locality is provided.

Eight closely related species of Eucosma Hübner are reviewed: E. refusana (Walker), E. decempunctana (Walsingham), E. amphorana (Walsingham), E. annetteana (Kearfott), E. autumnana (McDunnough), E. citricolorana (McDunnough), E. scotiana (McDunnough), and E. verna Miller. Eucosma scotiana is recognized as a junior synonym of E. annetteana, and two new members of the group, Eucosma litorea sp. n. and Eucosma millerana sp. n., are described. Distributional patterns and biogeographic relationships for members of the group are discussed.

Three new species of leaf-mining Gelechiidae are described: Xenolechia ceanothiae Priest, whose larvae feed on Ceanothus americanus L. (Rhamnaceae); Gnorimoschema shepherdiae Priest, on Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. (Elaeagnaceae); and Scrobipalpula manierreorum Priest, on Eurybia (Aster) macrophylla (L.) Cassini (Asteraceae). Their leaf mines were initially discovered in the understory in Michigan forests. Barcoding revealed additional records for two of these species from several regions of Canada. Photographs of the imagos and illustrations of the male and female genitalia, larval and pupal chaetotaxal maps are provided. Scanning electron micrographs of selected features of the larva for each species supplement illustrations. Comparative diagnoses of adult morphological characters are presented to distinguish the new species from other North American congeners. Photographs of the leaf-mines for each species are also included. DNA barcodes for each species are shown to be distinct from related North American congeners. The first occurrence of Gnorimoschema vibeiWolff in North America is confirmed by barcoded specimens from Kuujjuarapik in northern Quebec, Canada.

Adult Lymantria dispar japonica (females only) and Lymantria mathura (both sexes) flew to commercial lighting during the night in Takizawa Village, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in large numbers during the first week of August 2008. Males of L. d. japonica were conspicuously absent while 93.8% of responding females were mated and subsequently laid an average of 419.2 eggs each post-flight. For L. mathura females, only 33.9% were mated during the first half of the night and each mated female carried on average 717.4 eggs (max. 1065). Egg counts were facilitated by a newly developed egg mass matrix digestion process and an approximation of egg count based on egg mass dry weight was calculated. These two moth species have dissimilar behavioral strategies—L. d. japonica is diurnal, mated during the afternoon pre-flight and females flew to the lighting after mating. In contrast, L. mathura is nocturnal and both sexes responded to the lighting; females generally arrived as virgins (unfertilized) to then mate with males as the night progressed. Lack of a moth flight in 2009 illustrated dramatic interannual population fluctuation prevalent among many lymantriine moths. An illustration of a 2013 mass flight in Ono City, Fukui Prefecture, suggests a more frequent occurrence of such flights in both time and space.

The larval stage of Antherina suraka (Boisduval) (Saturniidae) consumes leaves of plant species from 23 families. These host plant species belong mainly to families in the subclass Rosidae, although those in the family Oleaceae and Apocynaceae from another subclass (Asteridae) are nearly as numerous as those in the family Rosaceae. Documentation and field surveys from 2008 to 2011 in different regions of Madagascar enabled an update of the list of the host plants of A. suraka. As few records of host plants exist and no immature stages were found in the dry areas, in contrast with other regions of Madagascar, further studies of A. suraka in these special ecosystems will provide interesting ecological data. The discovery of several host plant species endemic to Madagascar showed that, although A. suraka has adapted to feed on non-native species in disturbed sites throughout its range, it remains reliant on native forests. Determination of its host availability in each region constitutes an important step in prioritizing the conservation of the edges of the remaining endangered forests, as it might help establish sericulture that can reduce deforestation by improving the livelihood of local people.