Callery pear is an invasive nonnative species that was introduced to the United States as an ornamental tree. Previous work on its stand structure has suggested that Callery pear is mid-shade-tolerant or shade-intolerant. The shade tolerance of plants can also be determined by examining their spatial distributions. I selected nine stands dominated by Callery pear in northern Kentucky and southwest Ohio. At each site I laid out a 10 m × 10 m grid and recorded the position of each pear tree, as well as its diameter. Diameters were fit to a two-factor Weibull distribution to determine the shape parameter of diameter distributions. I also determined the pair correlation (nearest neighbor) function ĝ(r), which is related to Ripley's K, to look for patterns of distribution. To look for associations among size classes at each stand, bivariate Ripley's 12(r) functions were determined. Overall, trees were randomly distributed, with no associations among size classes. However, the smallest size classes often showed clustering, while the larger size classes rarely did. These distribution patterns follow those typically seen in shade-intolerant plants with bird-distributed seeds. While a shade-intolerant species would ordinarily be confined to open and disturbed areas, Callery pear's extended leaf phenology and documented invasion of forests suggest it may become a problem in closed-canopy forests.
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6 August 2024
Spatial distribution of Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana, Rosaceae) in northern Kentucky and southwest Ohio
Richard L. Boyce
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dispersion
invasive species management
Ripley's K
Shade tolerance
Weibull distribution