The New World meloid genus Pseudozonitis is reviewed and its relationship to the widespread Zonitis is discussed. Twenty species are recognized. Included are descriptions, detailed geographical and seasonal records, and a key to species. Three species, P. dianae, P. florida and P. huetheri, are described as new. Two nominal species, P. castaneis Dillon and P. vogti Dillon, are synonymized under P. martini (Fall).

Three new species of Trechnites Thomson (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are described one each from Assam, Kerala and Tamil Nadu viz., T. assamensissp. nov.T. keralensissp. nov. and T. montanussp. nov. Key to all known Indian species of Trechnites is provided and Trechnites albipodus Kazmi & Hayat from Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Tamil Nadu and T. hairah Hayat from Tamil Nadu are reported as additional distributional records.

A new genus, Xuthopona, is described for 15 species that are closely related to Hecalapona. One species, Hecalapona helara DeLong & Freytag, is included in this genus as well as 14 new species. All species are from South America.

Little is known of black fly species occurring in Mississippi, other than that provided in the historical work by Dr. George Bradley in the 1930′s. There has been a resurgence of black flies in the state over the past decade, prompting renewed interest in these blood-sucking pests. For this study, adult black flies were collected by hand netting from various locations throughout the state from 2015 through 2018. Samples were also periodically obtained/submitted from veterinarians and concerned citizens since 2009, and especially during outbreak years (2009, 2011, 2012, 2018). In addition, larval and adult specimens were found in the Mississippi State University Entomological Museum (MEM), which had been collected over several decades by a variety of entomologists and students. Data from approximately 14,771 black fly specimens were analyzed to compile a list of species from the state and to describe their seasonal and geographic distributions. Twenty-seven species of black flies were confirmed from Mississippi, including four new state records.

The distribution in Spain of Zelus renardii, an American invasive species, is analyzed after eight years of its introduction. New hypotheses are presented about its introduction in Europe and its forms of expansion. In Spain, the species seems to have limited its expansion to anthropogenic and urban areas of thermo-Mediterranean-type climate regions and his area of distribution is currently limited to the coastal regions of the Iberian east and south, from the city of Valencia in the north to Málaga in the south. The world distribution of the species is shown and discussed.

A population of Baptisia alba (Fabaceae) (white wild indigo) in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi was found with a heavy infestation of brentid weevils identified as Trichapion rostrum (Say) (Apioninae). The weevils were observed in high numbers ovipositing on the plants on the side of the road. Forty-nine seed pods were collected and held for maturation of the weevils. After two months, the seed pods were opened and 94 larvae, 61 pupae, and 138 adults were collected. 100% of the pods were infested, and a majority of the seeds in the pods showed heavy feeding damage and were unlikely to germinate. This is also the first time Trichapion rostrum has been reported from Mississippi.

Red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) grow in and adjacent to shallow brackish water in subtropical and tropical estuaries around the world, and provide a unique arboreal habitat, often completely isolated by water from any terrestrial habitat. I surveyed ants nesting in the dead hollow vegetation, including twigs, small branches, air roots, and prop roots, of red mangroves at 30 sites around Kingston Harbour and neighboring areas along the southeastern coast of Jamaica. I collected 18 ant species (13 native and 5 Old World exotics), including three Jamaican endemics (Camponotus fugax, Cephalotes jamaicensis, and Crematogaster vicina). The most common species in the 221 samples were three native species: Crematogaster steinheili (21 sites; 64 samples), Tapinoma litorale (18 sites; 40 samples), and C. fugax (18 sites; 33 samples). The only exotic ants collected at more than one site were Monomorium floricola (13 sites; 24 samples) and Tapinoma melanocephalum (4 sites; 5 samples). The most diverse site (with eight species) was part of an enormous continuous stand of red mangrove in Salt River, within the Portland Bight Protected Area. Two Salt River sites were the only places I found the Jamaican endemic Cephalotes jamaicensis. The sites with the greatest variety of ants were relatively free of trash, including all four Salt River sites, where I collected only native ant species. However, even at sites around Kingston Harbour that were littered with large amounts of trash washed in from the sea, the red mangrove stands generally seemed healthy and harbored primarily native Jamaican ants. Protecting red mangroves in Jamaica will help conserve native Jamaican species living in this unique habitat.

Technomyrmex difficilis is an Old World arboreal ant that is becoming a major pest in the US and the West Indies. After its first records in the New World in 1986 from Florida, T. difficilis was soon reported from other parts of the New World, including eight West Indian islands (Puerto Rico, New Providence, Grand Cayman, St Croix, St Thomas, Antigua, Nevis, and Jamaica) and Honduras. In Florida, T. difficilis has become one of the most common species found nesting in red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle). Here, we report records of T. difficilis nesting in red mangroves at 16 sites on eight West Indian islands, including four islands with no previously reports of this species (Grand Bahama, St Maarten, Roatán, and Trinidad). It is probable that over the next few years T. difficilis will become increasingly important as a pest in Florida and the West Indies.

New reports of aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera) from Medjerda river basin in Tunisia are presented. 61 species of aquatic insects belonging to 45 genera, 22 families, and 5 orders are listed. 5 species of Coleoptera (Gyrinus (Gyrinus) caspius Ménétries, 1832, Hydroporus marginatus (Duftschmid, 1805), Dryops gracilis (Karsch, 1881), Ochthebius (Ochthebius) pilosus Waltl, 1835, and Hydrochus aljibensis Castro & Delgado, 1999) and two species of Hemiptera (Cymatia rogenhoferi (Fieber, 1864) and Notonecta pallidulaPoisson, 1926) are recorded for the first time in Tunisia. New findings increase the number of Tunisian Coleoptera and Hemiptera to 208 and 38 respectively. A biogeographical analysis shows that the five orders of aquatic insect of the Medjerda river basin are essentially Mediterranean (57%) and Palaearctic (33%) elements, while wide distribution elements are a minority (10%).

The American palm cixiid, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee), feeds on the leaves of palms and has been implicated as a vector of 16SrIV phytoplasmas, including lethal yellowing disease. In North America, the American palm cixiid was previously known to occur in Florida and Texas. Here, the first report of this species from Mississippi is presented.

The genus Hilara Meigen is reported from Sichuan for the first time. The following ten species are described as new to science from Laohegou Nature Reserve of Sichuan: Hilara elongata sp. nov., Hilara flavipalpis sp. nov., Hilara grandis sp. nov., Hilara kangae sp. nov., Hilara laohegouana sp. nov., Hilara pingwuana sp. nov., Hilara striata sp. nov., Hilara subapicalis sp. nov., Hilara tenuis sp. nov., and Hilara xanthodes sp. nov. A key to separate these species of the genus Hilara is presented. Key words: Empidinae, Hilarini, new species, China, Sichuan.

The family Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) was studied in parts of southern Iran. Fourty three species and subspecies belonging to 19 genera representing five subfamilies: Astatinae, Bembicinae, Crabroninae, Pemphredoninae and Philanthinae were collected and identified. Nine species: Larra rufa Arnold, Liris subfasciatus (Walker), Parapiagetia erythropoda (Cameron), P. genicularis (F. Morawitz), T. gujaraticus Nurse, T. lucillus Pulawski, T. nitidissimus de Beaumont, T. plicosus (A. Costa) and Trypoxylon splendidum Antropov are new records for Iranian insect fauna. In addition, available information as well as comments on taxonomy and geographical distribution for each species are included.

The present study is conducted on the butterfly species of Duhok Province in northern Iraq. In this context, 1279 specimens are collected and evaluated on the faunistic standpoint. In total, 49 species are recorded belonging to the families; Papilionidae (4), Pieridae (9), Libytheidae (1), Nymphalidae (7), Satyridae (10), Lycaenidae (11) and Hesperiidae (7). For each butterfly species, examined materials and collecting localities are mentioned. This is the first notable study on butterflies of Duhok.