Two species of Lichenostigma, both from Iran, are described as new to science: L. iranicum, growing on Lobothallia praeradiosa, is characterised by rounded to elongate ascomata, sparse hyphal strands, 6(-8)-spored asci and the almost complete absence of pigmentation in the lower ascomatal wall; L. verrucosum, growing on Pleopsidium gobiense, is distinguished by rounded to irregular ascomata with radiating superficial hyphae, verrucose brown ascospores and by the complete absence of pigmentation in the lower ascomatal wall.