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1 August 2018 Orientation Patterns of Japanese Flying Squid Todarodes pacificus Embryos within Egg Masses and Responsesof Paralarvae to Light
Pandey Puneeta, Dharmamony Vijai, Jun Yamamoto, Yasunori Sakurai
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Abstract

Squid embryos develop in the perivitelline fluid inside the chorion, which is an envelope secreted by the ovarian follicle. The onset of hatching initiates local dissolution of the chorion when the hatching gland enzyme facilitates the release of the developed paralarvae. In the present study, we investigated the pre-hatching behavioral patterns of Todarodes pacificus embryos and their responses to light after hatching. Observations of orientation were conducted using embryos developing inside chorions embedded within intact egg masses, while phototactic experiments were conducted on paralarvae that hatched from these egg masses. Within the restricted chorion and along the animal–vegetal axis, the embryos demonstrated a variety of orientation patterns that were categorized as swirls, glides, and somersaults. The contributions of these orientations to enhance oxygen diffusion and stimulate paralarval swimming immediately after hatching are discussed. Paralarvae exhibited normal diel vertical migration and responded positively to light sources. Vertical migration and phototaxis in T. pacificus paralarvae could have great adaptive significance because they hatch in neritic environments and are transported by ocean currents during their planktonic life.

© 2018 Zoological Society of Japan
Pandey Puneeta, Dharmamony Vijai, Jun Yamamoto, and Yasunori Sakurai "Orientation Patterns of Japanese Flying Squid Todarodes pacificus Embryos within Egg Masses and Responsesof Paralarvae to Light," Zoological Science 35(4), 293-298, (1 August 2018). https://doi.org/10.2108/zs170199
Received: 7 December 2017; Accepted: 1 March 2018; Published: 1 August 2018
KEYWORDS
egg mass
embryo orientation pattern
paralarvae
phototaxis
squid embryo
vertical migration
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