Male Guppies Recognize Familiar Conspecific Males by Their Face

Shumpei Sogawa; Rio Fukushima; Will Sowersby; Satoshi Awata; Kento Kawasaka; Masanori Kohda

doi:10.2108/zs220088

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1 April 2023 Male Guppies Recognize Familiar Conspecific Males by Their Face

Shumpei Sogawa, Rio Fukushima, Will Sowersby, Satoshi Awata, Kento Kawasaka, Masanori Kohda

Author Affiliations +

Zoological Science, 40(2):168-174 (2023). https://doi.org/10.2108/zs220088

Fig. 1.

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A whole body and five male and five female guppy (Poecilia reticulata) faces of the “Neon tuxedo” variant. Photographs were taken under identical light conditions.

Fig. 2.

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Schematic illustrations of experiment tanks. (A) Experiment 1. A focal fish and an opponent are put in two tanks with a 1 cm gap in which a white sheet is put. A small stone on the bottom. (B) Experiment 2. A front view of the two experiment tanks during the presentation of photograph models. A photograph model attached on a transparent board is presented with a 3 cm distance from the glass wall facing the focal fish tank (See MATERIALS AND METHODS for procedure of these experiments).

Fig. 3.

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Four types of male guppy composite models used in Experiment 2. F: familiar and S: stranger. F/F = familiar face and familiar body; S/S = stranger face and stranger body; F/S = familiar face and stranger body, and S/F = stranger face and familiar body.

Fig. 4.

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Changes in the time focal male guppies spent acting aggressively toward neighbor males over a period of 7 days. Means ± s.e. (sec/5 min) are shown (n = 14). Different alphabets denote statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) by Exact Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with sequential Bonferroni correction method.

Fig. 5.

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The time of aggressive reactions of male guppies (sec/5 min) against four types of photo models (F/F: familiar face and familiar body; F/S: familiar face and strange body; S/S: stranger face and stranger body; S/F: stranger face and familiar body) (n = 14). The box plot shows the median (thick line within the box), 25th and 75th percentiles (box), ranges (whiskers), and outliers (white circles). Different alphabets denote statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) by Exact Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with sequential Bonferroni correction method.

Fig. 6.

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A wild type male (right top) and 11 male variations and a wild type female (right bottom) and two female variations of guppy, Poecilia reticulata. English names of the variations are shown. Note that male body colorations are largely different between variations, but the face-color on operculum is observed in all variations and wild types. The operculum colors are also observed in females. Photographs are through the courtesy of Kamihata Fish Ind. Ltd. Japan.

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