Brachylaima mazzantii (Travassos, 1927) is known only from its original description. Until now, no attempt has been made to address the morphology of this species by means of modern microscopy techniques. In the present study, the information generated on the anatomy of B. mazzantii allowed the re-examination of the morphology of this species. The most significant new data is related to the terminal genitalia. The detailed analysis of the reproductive system of this species evidenced the presence of a seminal vesicle external to the cirrus pouch which contains a short unarmed cirrus, and also the presence of a well developed metraterm and gland cells in the genital atrium. The results also revealed some traits concerning other systems, previously unnoticed, including the shape and relative position of the excretory vesicle and the tegument ornamentation. The main advantage of using confocal microscopy to study the morphology of digeneans is the fact that with only one technique it is possible to examine the gross anatomy, cell morphology and surface topography. Confocal tomographies show much more detail than light microscopy images, and allow getting information on cell morphology, usually achieved only by histological techniques, along with some information on tegument ornamentation, usually obtained through scanning electron microscopy. The accumulation of information on the morphology of different digenean species through confocal microscopy will allow future comparative studies, which may ultimately contribute to the better resolution of the systematics of this group.

Data are presented on the biology of Casilda consecraria (Staudinger, 1871) from central Spain (Madrid), in addition to original morphological data of the ovum, larva (L1–L2, L4–L5) and pupa. Larval data include 2^nd larval instar chaetotaxy. A brief comparison of the biological and morphological characters is made with Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) which belongs to the same tribe, the Rhodometrini Agenjo, 1952. Additional data are included on larval parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Braconidae).

Twenty species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae, five Pectinidae) are herein listed. Six new species of Pectinoidea (three Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae) are from littoral and bathyal depths of the western and southwestern Pacific, sampled by various expeditions and cruises to Papua New Guinea and the South China Sea, viz. Propeamussium regillum n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck and Solomon Seas, Parvamussium minusculum n. sp. from the lower bathyal South China Sea, Cyclopecten inoculatus n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck Sea, Cyclochlamys corrugata n. sp., Cyclochlamys barbatula n. sp. and Micropecten reticulatus n. sp. from shallow coastal waters of Papua New Guinea. Fourteen species of Pectinoidea (nine Propeamussiidae, five Pectinidae) are new records for the Bismarck Sea (five), for the Solomon Sea (four), and for the South China Sea (seven).

From darkness to Enlightenment, and vice versa: rediscovery of the skull of Procavia capensis (Pallas, 1766) (Hyracoidea, Mammalia) described in 1767 by Daubenton in the Histoire naturelle.

A skull of Procavia capensis (Pallas, 1766) (Hyracoidea, Mammalia), currently on display in the Galerie de Paléontologie et d'Anatomie comparée (Paleontology and comparative Anatomy Gallery) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, is here identified as the one Daubenton described in 1767 in the catalog of the viviparous quadruped collections of the King's Cabinet he wrote for Buffon's Histoire naturelle (Natural History). While Daubenton clearly recognized in this skull from Sidon, Lebanon, the most remarkable characters of hyracoids, especially the teeth, he could not identify the animal, since the first precise description of the species was published by Pallas at the same time (at the end of 1766). In subsequent volumes of the Histoire naturelle, Buffon repeatedly dealt with the hyrax, on the basis of new data, but he failed to assign the skull of Sidon to this species, although Pallas recognized the nature of this skull as early as 1776. In a volume of the Histoire naturelle published in 1789, after Buffon's death, this skull was illustrated on a plate and considered as belonging to a primate, the Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis (Lacépède, 1800)). Fifteen years later, it was one of the specimens which enabled Cuvier to remove the hyrax from the order Glires or Rodents, in which it was generally placed since Pallas, to assign it to the Pachydermes.

313 nominal species of monogenean parasites of aquatic vertebrates occurring in Mexico are included in this checklist; in addition, records of 54 undetermined taxa are also listed. All the monogeneans registered are associated with 363 vertebrate host taxa, and distributed in 498 localities pertaining to 29 of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic. The checklist contains updated information on their hosts, habitat, and distributional records. We revise the species list according to current schemes of classification for the group. The checklist also included the published records in the last 11 years, since the latest list was made in 2006. We also included taxon mentioned in thesis and informal literature. As a result of our review, numerous records presented in the list published in 2006 were modified since inaccuracies and incomplete data were identified. Even though the inventory of the monogenean fauna occurring in Mexican vertebrates is far from complete, the data contained in our checklist depict the actual knowledge about this group of flatworms in Mexico.