The study of marine annelids from oceanic islands has been problematic, especially because of the lack of infrastructure, or of easily accessible logistics for frequent expeditions. In this contribution, some specimens collected during the J.-L. Étienne Expedition to Clipperton Island in 2005, belonging to the families Hesionidae Grube, 1850 and Phyllodocidae Örsted, 1843 are newly described. Type material is deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, and a few others in El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal. Hesionidae includes Psamathe charpyi n. sp. diagnosed by having eyes of similar size and neurochaetal blades 4-10 × longer than wide. In Phyllodocidae an assessment of the affinities within Phyllodoce Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 results in re-establishing its subgenera as distinct genera, and three species are newly described: Anaitides albengai n. sp., Nereiphylla etiennei n. sp., and Pterocirrus bouchardi n. sp. Anaitides albengai n. sp. is separated from more similar species by having the prostomium as long as wide, eyes ¼ as long as prostomial width, and basal pharynx region with 8-9 large papillae per row. Nereiphylla etiennei n. sp. differs from more similar species by having a rectangular prostomium, lateral antennae half as long as prostomial width, and ventral cirri barely longer than neurochaetal lobe. Pterocirrus bouchardi n. sp. separates from more similar species by having antennae of similar length, dorsal cirri tapered not distally constricted, and acicular lobes barely divergent. Keys are included for identifying all World species for each genus.