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1 October 2014 Characterization of Salmonella from Commercial Egg-Laying Hen Farms in a Central Region of Colombia
Roy Rodríguez, Clemencia Fandiño, Pilar Donado, Libia Guzmán, Noel Verjan
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Abstract

Salmonellosis affects humans more frequently than any other foodborne disease, and it causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hen farms in the Tolima region of Colombia. Fifteen egg-laying hen farms were sampled, and a total of 589 samples were cultured to isolate Salmonella spp. A total of 14 isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered from five farms, resulting in a prevalence of 33.33% (95%, confidence interval  =  14%–53%) at the farm level. Salmonella spp. were recovered from eggshells (57.15%, n  =  8), feed (28.57%, n  =  4), and environmental samples (14.29%, n  =  2). Farm practices, such as the milling of feed (odds ratio [OR]  =  24) and the storage of eggs in the henhouses (OR  =  11.25), in addition to the feed type (OR  =  7.64) and the use of bamboo for construction of the facility (OR  =  5.24), were identified as risk factors for Salmonella spp. The 14 isolates were identified as Salmonella Enteritidis (n  =  6) and Salmonella Shannon (n  =  8), and both serovars were resistant to a number of antibiotics. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis presented three different XbaI macrorestriction patterns. The Salmonella Enteritidis isolates all presented a single pattern, whereas the Salmonella Shannon isolates were grouped into two distinct patterns. The results indicate that Salmonella spp. could be recovered from various sources at laying hen farms, and eggshell contamination is a particular concern.

Caracterización de Salmonella de granjas comerciales de gallinas de postura en una región central de Colombia.

La salmonelosis afecta a los humanos con mayor frecuencia que cualquier otra enfermedad transmitida por alimentos y causa graves pérdidas económicas en la industria avícola. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal para estimar la prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en explotaciones de gallinas de postura en la región del Tolima en Colombia. Se muestrearon quince granjas de gallinas de postura y un total de 589 muestras fueron cultivadas para aislar Salmonella spp. Un total de 14 aislamientos de Salmonella spp. fueron recuperados de cinco granjas, resultando en una prevalencia del 33.33% (95%, intervalo de confianza  =  14%–53%) a nivel de granja. Se recuperó Salmonella spp. a partir de cascarones de huevo (57.15%, n  =  8), de alimento (28.57%, n  =  4) y de muestras ambientales (14.29%, n  =  2). Algunas prácticas, tales como la molienda del alimento (OR  =  24), el almacenamiento del huevo en las casetas avícolas (OR  =  11.25), el tipo de alimento (OR  =  7.64) y el uso del bambú para la construcción de las instalaciones (OR  =  5.24), fueron identificados como factores de riesgo para Salmonella spp. Las 14 cepas fueron identificadas como Salmonella Enteritidis (n  =  6) y Salmonella Shannon (n  =  8) y ambos serotipos fueron resistentes a varios antibióticos. La electroforesis en gel de campo con pulsaciones mostró tres patrones diferentes de macrorrestricción por la enzima XbaI. Todos los aislamientos de Salmonella Enteritidis mostraron un patrón único, mientras que los aislamientos de Salmonella Shannon se agruparon en dos patrones distintos. Los resultados indican que la Salmonella spp. pudo ser recuperada de varias fuentes en las granjas de gallinas de postura y la contaminación del cascarón es de especial preocupación.

American Association of Avian Pathologists
Roy Rodríguez, Clemencia Fandiño, Pilar Donado, Libia Guzmán, and Noel Verjan "Characterization of Salmonella from Commercial Egg-Laying Hen Farms in a Central Region of Colombia," Avian Diseases 59(1), 57-63, (1 October 2014). https://doi.org/10.1637/10873-052714-Reg
Received: 28 May 2014; Accepted: 1 September 2014; Published: 1 October 2014
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