The Olive-throated Parakeet (Aratinga nana) occurs on the eastern slope of Middle America and the island of Jamaica. A resident population has been recently discovered in remote areas of Hispaniola, where it might represent an overlooked relict population or a recent introduction. If the Hispaniolan population of A. nana is native, then it would merit conservation attention. Conversely, if the Hispaniolan population is a recent non-natural introduction, the potential for competitive interactions with the threatened endemic Hispaniolan Parakeet, Aratinga chloroptera, should be assessed. To explore the origins of the Hispaniolan A. nana population, we sequenced the mitochondrially encoded ND2 gene from individuals from five mainland populations of A. nana vicinalis and A. nana astec, as well as the Jamaican A. nana nana and the Hispaniolan A. nana (subspecies unknown). Mitochondrial variation was highly structured into well differentiated island and mainland clades separated by close to 2% nucleotide divergence, but within each group there was very low ND2 haplotype variation. These results suggest that the Jamaican and Hispaniolan populations are evolutionarily distinct from the mainland populations, and they add support to the hypothesis that the Hispaniolan A. nana population results from a recent, human-mediated introduction.