Dactylocardamum polyspermum Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano & Trinidad, the second species of a previously monospecific Peruvian genus, is described and illustrated, its similarities to and distinguishing characters from the generic type, D. imbricatifolium Al-Shehbaz, are discussed, and the generic limits of Dactylocardamum Al-Shehbaz are expanded to accommodate the new species. The novelty is known from a single locality in Ancash Department, and its IUCN conservation status is determined as Data Deficient.

The typification of the name Allium peroninianum Azn. is discussed. A specimen from the Genève herbarium is designated as the lectotype.

As a result of our taxonomic studies of Astragalus L. sect. Hymenostegis Bunge, we recognize nine new species of this genus from Zanjan Province in northwestern Iran, namely: A. atrokurdicus Maassoumi, F. Ghahrem., Bagheri & Podlech, A. austrotaromensis Maassoumi, F. Ghahrem., Bagheri & Podlech, A. dejectus Maassoumi, F. Ghahrem. & Bagheri, A. mostafa-assadii Bagheri, Maassoumi, F. Ghahrem. & Podlech, A. paralurgiformis F. Ghahrem., Maassoumi & Bagheri, A. pluriflorus F. Ghahrem., Maassoumi, Bagheri & Podlech, A. pseudoparalurges F. Ghahrem., Maassoumi, Bagheri & Podlech, A. sohrevardianus Bagheri, Maassoumi & F. Ghahrem., and A. sublaguriformis Bagheri, Maassoumi & F. Ghahrem., which are described and illustrated here. The new species are also compared with the taxa that are morphologically most similar and presumed to be closely related.

A new species of Styrax L. from the region of Cusco, Peru, is described and illustrated. Styrax excelsus P. W. Fritsch belongs to Styrax subser. Foveolaria (Ruiz & Pav.) P. W. Fritsch through its flowers shorter than or up to 10 mm; number of stamens equal to the number of petals (five); near-basal placentation; three ellipsoid ovules per flower (i.e., one per carpel); and presence of only female flowers, which suggests a gynodioecious breeding system. It is similar to S. maninul B. Walln. but differs by its taller habit; abaxial surface of the leaf blade with ferruginous, stellate trichomes that are generally smaller but with more arms and prominent reticulate tertiary veins; acute or slightly acuminate leaf apex; shorter inflorescences with fewer flowers; a longer corolla; and narrower staminodial pseudoanthers. The new species is only known from the type.

Six new species of Madagascan Argomuellera Pax are recognized. Argomuellera bilocularis McPherson is unique in the genus in having a 2-locular ovary; A. gillespieae McPherson, restricted to the Manongarivo Massif, has leaves more than 6 cm wide and pistillate sepals less than 3 mm long; A. integra McPherson, from northern Madagascar, has small leaf blades (4–11 × 1–3.5 cm) with entire margins; A. longistipula McPherson, endemic to the Vohémar Region, has unusually long stipules (2–5[–7] mm); A. oblanceolata McPherson, from western and southwestern Madagascar, has small acuminate leaves with dentate margins; and A. stenophylla McPherson, from southwestern Madagascar, has small, unusually narrow leaves (5–13 × 0.5–1.7[–2] cm). Argomuellera decaryana (Leandri) J. Léonard is relegated to the synonymy of A. perrieri (Leandri) J. Léonard. A key to the 12 Argomuellera species of Madagascar and the Comoro Islands is presented.

Youngia jiulongensis Y. L. Peng, X. F. Gao & Li Bing Zhang, a new species of Asteraceae from western Sichuan, China, is described. This new species is similar to Y. mairei (H. Lév.) Babc. & Stebbins and Y. pilifera C. Shih in having blackish brown achenes, a white pappus, and fewer capitula, but distinct from the latter two in having a taller stature (28–50 cm vs. 8–30 cm), two or three well-developed, undivided caudical leaves, sparsely toothed leaf margins, acute leaf apices, long non-winged petioles, reduced pubescence on the whole plant, glabrous phyllaries, and midveins of all inner phyllaries plane.

The taxonomic status of Teucrium L. sect. Polium (Mill). Schreb. in Flora Iranica is reviewed. A few taxonomic changes have become necessary in section Polium in view of the material investigated for a new edition of the Flora. Revision of extensive herbarium material and detailed studies of plants in the field revealed that five species of Teucrium sect. Polium occur in Iran. A new species of this section is reported from the dry-stone zone in a mountainous region in Fars Province of Iran. This new species is described and illustrated as T. abolhayatensis Ranjbar & Mahmoudi. Teucrium gabrielae Bornm., in recent treatments recognized as a subspecies or variety of T. stocksianum Boiss., is reinstated at species level. A key, annotated enumeration of species, and notes on the distribution of the species are also provided. In addition, some aspects of the nomenclature of T. gnaphalodes L'Hér. are discussed, and lectotypes are designated for T. gabrielae and T. stocksianum.

Two new species of Calceolaria L. from northern Peru belonging to section Teucriifoliae Kraenzl. are described, illustrated, and compared with their most closely related relatives. These new taxa grow in the province of Bolívar, department of La Libertad, in Peru. Calceolaria chibulensis C. Romero, Bussmann & Puppo grows at elevations between 2400 and 2500 m; C. comulcana C. Romero, Bussmann & Puppo grows at elevations between 3900 and 4200 m.

Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. has been shown, based on morphological and molecular analyses, to be polyphyletic. Most of its species, including its type, belong to Palicourea Aubl. Several Psychotria species studied here are related to species of Palicourea ser. 11 and are transferred here to Palicourea. Palicourea ser. 11 is formally described here as Palicourea sect. Chocoanae C. M. Taylor, except for four of its former species that are excluded. Palicourea sect. Chocoanae includes 15 species from Central and South America and is centered in the Chocó biogeographic region of northwestern South America and eastern Panama. Palicourea sect. Chocoanae includes eight species already classified in this genus: Palicourea acanthacea (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, Palicourea deneversii (C. M. Taylor) Borhidi, Palicourea dimorphandrioides (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Palicourea frontinoensis Cogollo & C. M. Taylor, Palicourea grandistipula (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, Palicourea orquidea C. M. Taylor, Palicourea sopkinii C. M. Taylor, and Palicourea tamaensis (Standl. & Steyerm.) Steyerm. Four more species transferred into this genus have new nomenclatural combinations made here. Palicourea cotejensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis cotejensis Standl.; Palicourea plusiantha (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria plusiantha Standl.; Palicourea timbiquensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria timbiquensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor; and Palicourea trianae (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis trianae Standl. One species, Palicourea psilophylla (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, was previously treated as a variety, Palicourea tamaensis var. psilophylla Steyerm. Two species are newly described here: Palicourea mistratoana C. M. Taylor is found in western Colombia and differs from Palicourea sopkinii in its smaller leaves, inflorescences, and bracts; and Palicourea shuar C. M. Taylor is found in southern Ecuador and differs from Palicourea sopkinii by its corymbiform inflorescences and shorter bracts. A lectotype is designated for Cephaelis grandistipula Standl. ex Steyerm.

A revision of the Andean species of Ocotea Aubl. occurring above 1000 m elevation with unisexual flowers and dense pubescence on the lower leaf surface or with erect pubescence or with domatia is presented. A key to and descriptions of the 35 recognized species are provided. Twenty-one species are described as new: O. antioquiensis van der Werff, O. argyrea van der Werff, O. otara van der Werff, O. santamartae van der Werff, and O. subparamicola van der Werff from Colombia; O. aquila van der Werff, O. euryphylla van der Werff, O. oreophila van der Werff, O. pastazensis van der Werff, and O. rufotomentella van der Werff from Ecuador; O. crassipedalis van der Werff, O. crinita van der Werff, O. kolera van der Werff, O. megistophylla van der Werff, O. palcazuensis van der Werff, O. papyracea van der Werff, O. satipensis van der Werff, and O. tarmensis van der Werff from Peru; O. adusta van der Werff and O. carchiensis van der Werff from Colombia and Ecuador; and O. recurvata van der Werff from Ecuador and Peru. Ocotea caesariata van der Werff is published as a replacement name for Pleurothyrium velutinum Meisn., incorrectly called O. calophylla Mez.

Se describe e ilustra a Nototriche chaniensis C. A. Zanotti & J. C. Ospina (Malvaceae), una nueva especie poligámica de los Andes de la Argentina. Nototriche chaniensis es morfológicamente afín a N. agyna Krapov., de la cual se diferencia principalmente por presentar el lóbulo central de la lámina entero, y la vagina y la porción libre del pecíolo de la hoja son de un largo considerablemente menor. Se incluyen la descripción, ilustración y fotos de la especie nueva. Se presenta una clave para diferenciar las especies poligámicas conocidas hasta el momento.