Two species new to science, Begonia multiloba Moonlight and B. merendonensis Moonlight & D. L. Kelly, are described, from Guatemala and Honduras, respectively. These species are illustrated and diagnosed against similar species and are assigned provisional IUCN assessments as Critically Endangered because of their small ranges and the severe deforestation within those ranges. Both species are treated as members of Begonia L. sect. Gireoudia (Klotzsch) A. DC.

Se describen dos especies nuevas para la ciencia, Begonia multiloba Moonlight y B. merendonensis Moonlight & D. L. Kelly, provenientes de Guatemala y Honduras respectivamente. Estas especies se ilustran y diagnostican en comparación con especies similares, y se les asigna una evaluación provisional de la UICN como en Peligro Crítico debido a sus zonas de distribución restringidas y a la grave deforestación dentro de dichas zonas. Ambas especies se consideran miembros de Begonia L. sect. Gireoudia (Klotzsch) A. DC.

Eight species of Notopleura (Benth.) Bremek. are newly described here, all but one in Notopleura subg. Notopleura. Notopleura aurantiaca C. M. Taylor is found from Ecuador to Peru and western Brazil; N. bracteata C. M. Taylor in central Peru; N. cajamarcana C. M. Taylor in northern Peru; N. divaricata C. M. Taylor in western Colombia; N. harlingii C. M. Taylor in central Ecuador; N. kosnipatana C. M. Taylor in southern Peru; N. valenzuelae C. M. Taylor in central Peru; and N. stevensonii C. M. Taylor, which belongs to Notopleura subg. Viscagoga (Baill.) C. M. Taylor, in central Colombia. The identities of several published names that apply to species of Notopleura are clarified, new combinations are made for three older names that apply to previously described species, and several other names are newly synonymized here. Notopleura chasaliodes (Kunth) C. M. Taylor is based on Uragoga chasaliodes Kunth and is an older name for N. plagiantha (Standl.) C. M. Taylor; N. paramorum (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria paramorum Standl. and is an older name for N. pithecobia (Standl.) C. M. Taylor; and N. semimetralis (K. Krause) C. M. Taylor is based on P. semimetralis K. Krause and is an older name for N. vargasiana C. M. Taylor. The identities of several other names are also newly clarified: P. albacostata Rusby is a distinct species, treated here as the new combination N. albacostata (Rusby) C. M. Taylor; Hoffmannia striata Rusby is a synonym of N. tolimensis (Wernham) C. M. Taylor; and P. dudleyi Steyerm. is a synonym of N. paramorum. Additionally, eight names are lectotypified and the nomenclatural status of Uragoga Baill. is discussed.

A new combination, Trimeris anceps (L. f.) E. B. Knox, is established for the species previously known as Lobelia anceps L. f. Lobelia L. is the “core” genus of the Lobeliaceae, which has more than 30 segregate genera that have been recognized based on their evolutionarily divergent reproductive morphology. Wimmerella Serra, M. B. Crespo & Lammers is a segregate South African genus with completely fused corollas (which affect pollinator access), yet one of its descendant lineages has somehow reverted to the Lobelia-like condition of the corolla split to the base on the back. Recent discovery that the St. Helena–endemic T. scaevolifolia (Roxb.) Mabb. is sister to L. anceps provides an established segregate genus into which both of these morphologically anomalous species can be placed.

A new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) is described, belonging to section Belolonchium (Schott) Engl. Anthurium dairon-cardenasii López-Flor., Croat & Marco Correa is dedicated in honor of the great botanist Dairon Cardenas López, who dedicated his life to the study of the Amazon. The species was recorded in Caquetá, Colombia, in a lower montane wet forest in the framework of the Caquetá BIO project.

The history and typification of the five species belonging in the genus Galtonia Decne. (Hyacinthaceae) are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for the names Hyacinthus candicans Baker and Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker. The new spontaneous hybrid Galtonia ×ceredigionis J. Compton & Schrire, formed from a natural cross between G. candicans (Baker) Decne. and G. princeps (Baker) Decne., is described.

The widespread and variable taxon currently recognized as Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh. is said to extend from West Africa through tropical Asia to northern Melanesia, but comparison of material from Madagascar with collections from the region where the type was collected (Southwest India) clearly shows that they represent different species. Examination of material from continental Africa and other parts of the range of D. ferrea s.l. further confirms that the Malagasy populations constitute a distinct entity endemic to this island nation, prompting us to establish the new combination D. madagascariensis (A. DC.) E. Mestre & H. N. Rakouth based on Maba madagascariensis A. DC. We summarize the main characters that distinguish D. madagascariensis from D. ferrea s. str. and provide information on its phenology, local names, and exploitation, primarily as a source of ebony wood. A risk of extinction assessment of D. madagascariensis based on the IUCN Red List criteria indicates that its status is “Least Concern.”

Actuellement, Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh. est considéré comme une espèce répandue et variable, dont l'aire s'étendrait de l'Afrique de l'Ouest à la Mélanésie septentrionale en passant par l'Asie tropicale. Cependant, la comparaison du matériel de Madagascar avec les collections de la région d'origine du type (sudouest de l'Inde) montre clairement qu'il s'agit d'espèces différentes. L'examen du matériel provenant d'Afrique continentale et d'autres parties de l'aire de répartition de D. ferrea s. lat. confirme que les populations malgaches constituent une entité distincte endémique de ce pays, ce qui nous incite à établir la nouvelle combinaison D. madagascariensis (A. DC.) E. Mestre & H. N. Rakouth, basée sur Maba madagascariensis A. DC. Nous présentons un résumé des principaux caractères qui distinguent D. madagascariensis de D. ferrea s. str. et fournissons des informations sur sa phénologie, ses noms locaux et son utilisation, principalement comme source de bois d'ébène. Une évaluation du risque d'extinction de D. madagascariensis basée sur les critères de la Liste rouge de l'UICN indique que son statut est “Préoccupation mineure”.

Three species of Anthurium Schott sect. Belolonchium (Schott) Engl. (Araceae) are described and illustrated from the department of Caquetá in Colombia: A. caquetense López-Flor., Edwin Trujillo & Croat, A. florenciense Croat, López-Flor. & Edwin Trujillo, and A. marcocorreae Croat, López-Flor. & Edwin Trujillo.

Four new species of Hiraea Jacq. (Malpighiaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama are proposed: H. hispida C. E. Anderson, H. oligantha C. E. Anderson, H. pleiantha C. E. Anderson, and H. velutinissima C. E. Anderson. A previously misidentified specimen from Panama is the first record of H. brachyptera Triana & Planch. in Central America. All species are described and illustrated. A key to species of Hiraea with multiflowered umbels occurring in Mesoamerica is provided.

A new species, Juncus snowii W. M. Knapp & R. Carter (Juncaceae), is described from two counties of the Altamaha grit, a sandstone formation in the coastal plain physiographic province of Georgia, U.S.A. This new species resembles other members of Juncus L. sect. Ozophyllum Dumort. but is readily distinguished by a combination of characters including its typically annual life history, diminutive habit, and small capsules and tepals. The type locality is an area of geologic interest that supports a unique assemblage of rare and endemic plant species. Color photographs are provided for the new species, as well as preliminary conservation status assessments using NatureServe criteria (Critically Imperiled with extinction [G1]) and IUCN Red List criteria (Vulnerable [VU D2]).

“Ilex chimantaensis T. R. Dudley” (Aquifoliaceae), a replacement name for I. sulcata Edwin, was not validly published because the author failed to supply a full and direct reference to the replaced synonym. Because the name is needed for an endemic Venezuelan species, it is validated here as I. chimantaensis T. R. Dudley ex Kottaim. by citation of the full reference.

Sclerocactus dawsoniae McGlaughlin & Naibauer (Cactaceae), a new species from western Colorado, is described. Sclerocactus dawsoniae is segregated from S. glaucus (K. Schum.) L. D. Benson, differing by having a smaller overall size, fewer spines per areole, an allopatric distribution, and substantial genetic differentiation.

The name Artemisia kabylica Chabert (Asteraceae) is lectotypified here. The lectotype of A. kabylica is stored in FI, and isolectotypes are deposited in FI, MPU, and P.

The name Parablechnum christii (C. Chr.) Gasper & Salino has been applied to a small species with few pairs of short pinnae that is endemic to Costa Rica and Panama. After reviewing type material of this name, we conclude that it has been misapplied and is, in fact, a synonym of P. falciforme (Liebm.) Gasper & Salino, an older name. Because the specimens previously identified as P. christii lack a name, we propose P. talamancanum S. Molino & R. C. Moran for these plants. The species is endemic to the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama, from 1200 to 3350 m.

Parablechnum christii (C. Chr.) Gasper & Salino es un nombre que se ha aplicado a una especie de pequeño tamaño, con pocos pares de pinnas cortas, endémica de Costa Rica y Panamá. Después de revisar el material tipo de este nombre, llegamos a la conclusión de que se ha aplicado erróneamente y es, de hecho, un sinónimo de P. falciforme (Liebm.) Gasper & Salino, un nombre más antiguo. Dado que los especímenes previamente identificados como P. christii carecen de nombre, proponemos P. talamancanum S. Molino & R. C. Moran para estas plantas. La especie es endémica de las montañas de Costa Rica y Panamá, entre 1200–3350 m.

A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Brazil, Z. planaltense Reynel, is here described based upon morphological characters. It is a small shrub distributed in the Cerrado formations of the state of Bahia, where a predominance of shrubby vegetation can be seen, with scarce trees. It belongs to Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., and within it to the Z. monogynum species group. The new species can be distinguished from the others in its species group by several vegetative and reproductive characters. With this addition, the total number of Neotropical Zanthoxylum reaches 90 species.

Una nueva especie de Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) de Brasil es aquí descrita, sobre la base de sus caracteres morfológicos, Z. planaltense Reynel. Se trata de un arbusto pequeño, distribuido en las formaciones de Cerrado del Estado de Bahia, las cuales tienen predominancia de vegetación arbustiva, y escasos árboles. Pertenece a Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., y dentro de ésta, al Z. monogynum species group, siendo distinguible por varios caracteres, tanto vegetativos como reproductivos. Con esta adición, las especies neotropicales de Zanthoxylum alcanzan un total de 90.