Two species of the genus Starengovia Snegovaya, 2010 from Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan are characterized; S. kirgizica Snegovaya, 2010 is redescribed and S. ivanloebli proposed as a new species. They belong to the easternmost representatives of the subfamily Nemastomatinae. Both species are separated by some 650 km in north to south direction; the Pakistan record extends nemastomatine distribution to the northwest of the Himalayas. Mediostoma pamiricumStaręga, 1986 probably belongs to Starengovia as well. Within Nemastomatinae Starengovia displays plesiomorphic characters (extremely short glans of penis, armed with inconspicuous robust spicules) and apomorphic ones (long, distinctly inflated base of penis; large lateral foliate wing-like structures on truncus penis). The foliate-wing character is unique among Nemastomatidae. Starengovia may represent a relict line in the early evolution of nemastomatine harvestmen.

Aloïs Humbert and Henri de Saussure described 70 species of millipede based primarily on specimens collected on their respective expeditions, but including some other holdings of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, and 52 species based on specimens borrowed from the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. These species are listed alphabetically; the type specimens identified in the collections of both museums are enumerated and their state of preservation noted, the whereabouts of type specimens identified in other institutions are discussed and the currently valid combination is given for each species where this has been established.

Five new species, Holoparasitus madridensis, H. rondai, H. aquilinus, H. paralawrencei and H. floriformis are described. Some characteristics of H. lawrenceiHyatt, 1987 are redescribed and a new species group, the lawrencei-group is established. New locality records for H. maritimusHyatt, 1987 are given.

A collection of 457 specimens of Formicidae in 195 taxa from all over the World donated by Auguste Forel has been conserved since 1901 at the Naturmuseum Solothurn, Switzerland (NMSO). Hardly noticed by the scientific community, the collection includes 40 syntypes of 16 species and subspecies, and five paralectotypes from two species. To spread this knowledge, and to encourage the inclusion of the Formicidae collection in future taxonomic studies, all species from the collection are listed, and the types are catalogued and imaged.

The hydroids belonging to the genus SertularellaGray, 1848 from southern South America and the subantarctic are revised, based on both literature data and the reexamination of type specimens and additional material dealt with in earlier accounts. Thirty-two species are recognized as valid, of which five are new to science, namely S. juanfernandezensis, S. oblonga, S. recta, S. robustissima, and S. subantarctica. Modern redescriptions of S. implexa (Allman, 1888) and S. novaraeMarktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 are provided. Additionally, it is demonstrated that S. argentinicaEl Beshbeeshy, 2011 and S. jorgensisEl Beshbeeshy, 2011 are junior synonyms of S. clausa (Allman, 1888) and S. valdiviae Stechow, 1923, respectively. Sertularella paessleriHartlaub, 1901 is assigned to the synonymy of S. allmaniHartlaub, 1901, S. lagenaAllman, 1876 to that of S. contortaKirchenpauer, 1884, S. picta (Meyen, 1834), S. protectaHartlaub, 1901 and S. margaritaceaAllman, 1885 to that of S. gaudichaudi (Lamouroux, 1824), Sertularella uruguayensis Mañé Garzón & Milstein, 1973 to that of S. mediterraneaHartlaub, 1901, and S. striata Stechow, 1923 to that of S. patagonica (d'Orbigny, 1842). Lectotypes are designated for S. allmani, S. antarcticaHartlaub, 1901, and S. implexa. A checklist of all species records from the study area, together with new identifications, is provided as an appendix.

Carassius praecipuus, new species, is described from a hill stream in the upper Nam Ngum watershed in Mekong drainage in central Laos. It is distinguished from all congeners by the short dorsal fin, a small number of branched dorsal-fin rays, lateral line scales and gill rakers. It reaches sexual maturity around 70 mm SL. This is the first species of the genus discovered outside East and North Asia and Europe. The upper Nam Ngum watershed includes a part of the Plain of Jars, which had been hypothesised to have allowed the movement of a number of fish lineages between the rivers flowing to the Gulf of Tonkin and the Mekong drainage.

A new species, Oedothorax khasi sp. nov., is described from the Indian state of Meghalaya on the basis of a single male. The species is similar to the Oriental O. myanmarTanasevitch, 2017, different in some details of palpal structure.

The cestode genus GoezeellaFuhrmann, 1916 is reviewed on the basis of taxonomic evaluation of type and newly collected material from pimelodid and heptapterid catfishes (Siluriformes) in the Amazon River basin, South America, and its generic diagnosis is amended. The genus is typified by the exclusively ventral position of the cortical vitelline follicles, the inner longitudinal musculature formed by dense individual muscle fibres, rather than forming bundles as in other proteocephalids, a well-developed metascolex and biloculate suckers. The type species, G. siluriFuhrmann, 1916, is redescribed based on its syntype from Cetopsis coecutiens (type-host) (Cetopsidae) and specimens from Pinirampus pirinampu (Pimelodidae). The validity of G. danbrooksi de Chambrier, Rego & Mariaux, 2004 from Ageneiosus pardalis (Auchenipteridae) is confirmed and some erroneous morphological traits are corrected based on examination of its holotype. A new species, Goezeella mariae sp. nov., is described from the heptapterid catfish Pimelodella cristata (Heptapteridae). The new species differs from congeners by its overall size (much smaller compared to G. siluri), morphology of the scolex (strongly wrinkled metascolex and weakly developed interlocular septum of suckers) and number of the testes. This is the third proteocephalid cestode described from a heptapterid catfish in South America and the first helminth parasite reported from P. cristata. Goezeella is unusual among other Neotropical proteocephalids by its occurrence in catfishes of as many as four families; all species of the genus are known only from the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. Molecular data on two of the three valid species and a key to their identification are provided.

This work reports upon observations and identifications of 18 leptomedusae, mostly documenting specimens which have been used for previous molecular phylogenetic studies. All species are illustrated, for some of them links to electronically archived photos are provided. The taxonomy of some genera and species is discussed. The diagnosis of the genus NeotimaPetersen, 1962 is modified to accommodate the new species Neotima galeai, the only member of the genus with subdivided gonads. Eutima sapinhoaNarchi & Hebling, 1975 is transferred to the genus Neotima as Neotima sapinhoa (Narchi & Hebling, 1975) n. comb. Helgicirrha schulziiHartlaub, 1909 and Tima planaNeppi, 1910 are both regarded as junior synonyms of Helgicirrha cari (Haeckel, 1864). Eirene octonemalisGuo, Xu & Huang, 2008 is a new junior synonym of Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886).

The description of Opisthotropis tamdaoensisZiegler, David & Vu, 2008, which was based on the male holotype only, is expanded herein on the basis of four newly collected specimens from the type locality of the species, including three adult females. Based on the enlarged sample size and thus extended range of morphological characters in O. tamdaoensis, not all characters mentioned in the original description as being distinctive between the latter species and O. lateralisBoulenger, 1903, a morphologically similar species, could withstand, such as number and arrangement of preocular, temporal and subocular scales, as well as total size. Presently, the number and arrangement of supralabials in concert with the dorsal colour pattern and the course of the dark lateral stripe still serve as good diagnostic characters to morphologically distinguish O. tamdaoensis from O. lateralis. Thus, on the basis of the new morphological and for the first time also molecular data, the validity of O. tamdaoensis as a distinct species is confirmed. The molecular analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene revealed O. tamdaoensis to be distinct by about 6% genetic divergence from O. lateralis, with which it forms a sister relationship.

The currently known Liphistius species of peninsular Malaysia are assigned to five species-groups: the tranggroup, the malayanus-group, the batuensis-group, the tioman-group and the linang-group. The latter four are defined and treated here. They are composed of eleven species. Four of them, L. negara sp. nov., L. gracilis sp. nov., L. priceae sp. nov. and L. linang sp. nov., are new and here described from males and females. Liphistius indra sp. nov., very closely related to L. linang sp. nov., is additionally described from the deep south of Thailand. The previously unknown males of L. endauSedgwick & Platnick, 1987 and of L. tempurung Platnick in Platnick et al., 1997 are presented for the first time. Liphistius malayanus cameroniHaupt, 1983 is placed in the synonymy of L. malayanusAbraham, 1923b. Information and illustrations of intraspecific variation in most species of these groups (except for L. johorePlatnick & Sedgwick, 1984, for which no new material is available) is given together with data on biology and distribution. Taxonomic characters and biogeography are discussed.