Five previously described species of the North American genus Eutyphlus LeConte, 1880 are redescribed. Eutyphlus spiralis Owens and Carlton, new species (type locality: Macon County, North Carolina), is described based on characters of the male genitalia. A key to species, drawings and photographs of diagnostic characters, and distribution maps are provided. Intraspecific variation of male secondary sexual characters of Eutyphlus prominens Casey and Eutyphlus dybasi Park are documented for the first time. A morphology-based cladistic analysis of Eutyphlus species, putative related genera within the tribe Trichonychini, and numerous outgroup taxa was performed to test the monophyly of Eutyphlus and evaluate placement within genus-group taxa of Euplectitae. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyly of Eutyphlus, but highlights lack of resolution of genus-group taxa of the supertribe Euplectitae due to extensive homoplasy of characters used to diagnose taxa.

Eight species of Pachybrachis Chevrolat have been found to be endemic to Florida: Pachybrachis archboldi Barney, new species; Pachybrachis clarki Barney, new species; Pachybrachis conformis Suffrian; Pachybrachis deyrupi Barney, new species; Pachybrachis discoideus Bowditch; Pachybrachis illectus Fall; Pachybrachis osceola Fall; and Pachybrachis rileyi Barney, new species. Types were examined for the previously named species and aedeagi illustrated for the first time. A description, figure, and range map is presented for each species.

In recent years, several new genera have been erected in the subfamily Copelatinae, including the description of endemic taxa from Madagascar, New Guinea, South Africa, and Venezuela. Here we build upon a recent molecular phylogeny of this subfamily to investigate the phylogenetic placement of Rugosus García, 2001, a genus comprising two species from the Guiana Shield region of Venezuela. We sequenced one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene fragment of Rugosus emarginatus García, as well as a specimen of Aglymbus leprieurii Aubé from Guyana in order to reassess the phylogenetic placement of the genus in the subfamily Copelatinae. Bayesian Inference analyses unambiguously indicate that Rugosus is nested within Aglymbus Sharp, 1880. As a result, Rugosus is synonymized with Aglymbus. Based on these results and on recent collecting data, the distribution of Aglymbus now includes Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. High-resolution images of the holotype specimens and labels of Aglymbus emarginatus (García), new combination and Aglymbus pubis (García), new combination are provided, as well as comments on the habitat of species in the “A. leprieurii species-group” of Aglymbus.

Ancognatha aymara Mondaca, new species, from the Andes mountains in Parinacota province in northern Chile, is described and illustrated. This species has been misidentified during the past 65 years, but an exhaustive review of the Chilean specimens formerly identified as Ancognatha lutea Erichson revealed it is an undescribed species. Photographs of adults, male genitalia, and other external features of taxonomic value are presented. Notes on distribution, habitat, and natural history are also provided.

A new species of Peruvian Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) is described. A description, diagnosis, distribution, and illustrations of the new species are provided. Locality records and distribution maps for Ancognatha species occurring in Peru are given.

Agaeocera macraei Westcott and Nelson, new species, from the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz in southern Mexico, is described and illustrated. Its considerable variability and close relationship to Agaeocera gigas (Gory and Laporte, 1839) and Agaeocera scintillans Waterhouse, 1882 are discussed.

We present faunistic data on two species new to Poland: Ptiliolum caledonicum (Sharp, 1872) and Baeocrara japonica (Matthews, 1885). Both species were found in the Mazury Lakeland in northeastern Poland. The latter species is regarded as an immigrant. Additionally, we confirm the presence of the rare Acrotrichis nana Strand, 1946 in Poland, previously only known from a single record from 2007. We provide further localities of this beetle in the Mazury Lakeland and the Mazovian Lowland in central Poland. Its dependence on dry biotopes is confirmed by specimens collected in old, dry, and fresh pine forests.

Two new species of Asytesta Pascoe, 1865 from the Raja Ampat Islands in West Papua Province, Indonesia are described and illustrated: Asytesta cornuta Setliff, new species from Salawati Island and Asytesta cordis Setliff, new species from Waigeo Island. The two species are very similar but can be distinguished from one another by differences in their dorsal ornamentation and male genitalia. Males of both species have a pair of lateral tooth-like processes on the rostrum and a small denticle situated near the base of the rostrum. The former character occurs in just one other species of Asytesta, and the latter character has not been previously observed in the genus.

Barrier islands represent unusual and fragile ecosystems, influenced by multiple physical stressors and populated by organisms that are resource and habitat specialists. Dung beetles (Coleoptera) provide essential ecosystem services through the removal of dung from the environment. Their role in the unique environment of a barrier island dominated by a large non-native grazing species has not been widely investigated. Using linear transects of pitfall traps baited with human dung, we examined the species diversity of dung beetles found in three habitats (marsh, dunes, and forest) of Assateague Island, a barrier island off the coast of Maryland and Virginia, USA. Fifteen species (13,626 individuals) were collected. Estimates of species richness suggest there may be an additional 3–6 species on the island that were not sampled in this study. Heterotrophic succession of dung beetles attracted to horse dung was also examined and compared between Assateague Island and mainland horse farms. Observations were made at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days without replacement of bait. Significantly fewer dung beetles were attracted to Assateague Island horse dung placed on the island compared to mainland horse dung placed on two horse farms, 80 and 748 beetles, respectively. No beetles were collected after seven days of the study. When the horse bait was switched with island-origin horse dung placed on two mainland horse farms and dung from horse farms placed on the island, there was no significant difference in the number of individuals collected. To our knowledge, this is the first research that has examined the attraction of dung beetles to feral horse dung.

The tortured nomenclatural history of the Chilean species Endophloeus flexuosus Solier, 1849 and Endophloeus angustatus Solier, 1851 is reviewed. These species have had dual parallel and independent histories as members of the Zopheridae: Colydiinae and Tenebrionidae. The genus Phloeopsidius Gebien, 1925 was proposed for these two species in the Tenebrionidae. Phloeopsidius regularis Kulzer, 1966 and Phloeopsidius collaris Kulzer, 1966 were later added to the genus, also as Tenebrionidae. While concurrently treated as colydiines, the two Solier species have been treated in a variety of genera, most recently as Sparactus flexuosus and Endophloeus angustatus. Phloeopsidius is removed from the Tenebrionidae and placed as a new synonym of Pristoderus Hope, 1840 in the colydiine Zopheridae. The four species are all correctly placed in the Colydiinae, as Notocoxelus angustatus (Solier), new combination, Pristoderus flexuosus (Solier), combination revalidated, Pristoderus regularis (Kulzer), new combination and family placement, and Pristoderus collaris (Kulzer), new combination and family placement.

The genus Lymantes Schönherr, 1838 is revised for the USA. Five species are recognized: L. scrobicollis Gyllenhal, 1838 (widespread in the eastern United States); L. repens (Casey, 1892), new combination (California, Oregon and Washington); L. nadineae Anderson, 2009 (caves, central Texas); L. fowleri Anderson, new species (central Texas); and L. obrieni Anderson, new species (western Texas and southeastern Arizona). Typhloglymma puteolatum Dury, 1901, Lymantes puteolatum dietrichi Sleeper, 1965, Lymantes arkansasensis Sleeper, 1965, and Lymantes sandersoni Sleeper, 1965 are all here considered new junior subjective synonyms of L. scrobicollis. Metopotoma Casey, 1892 and Anculopus Van Dyke, 1927 are here considered new junior synonyms of Lymantes. A key to the five species, distributions, and natural history information are presented. Lymantes adults lack eyes (L. nadineae) or have a moderately to markedly reduced number of eye facets and are generally only encountered through Berlese or Winkler extractions of leaf litter. Immatures and other details of biology are unknown.

Leptostylopsis grandis Vlasak and Androw, new species, is described from Puerto Rico. A brief history of the revisional studies on the Caribbean members of the genus is presented. Morphological characters separating the new species from the closely related species Leptostylopsis argentatus (Jacquelin du Val) are discussed, and a modification to the key to the species of Leptostylopsis Dillon occurring in Puerto Rico is presented.

Anthrenus (Nathrenus) kabakovi Kadej and Háva, new species, from Vietnam, is described, illustrated, and compared with related species.

Data on the composition, abundance, and guild structure of the arboreal dung beetle communities associated with dry and wet forests in the Western Ghats, a global hotspot of biodiversity in southwestern India, is provided. Five arboreal dung beetle species (Caccobius gallinus Arrow, Caccobius meridionalis Boucomont, Onthophagus vladimiri Frey, Onthophagus furcillifer Bates, and Onthophagus centricornis (Fabricius)) were collected. Overall abundance was high in dry forests, and all species were tunnelers in both wet and dry forests. Analysis of the species composition leads to the question why only members of the modern tribes Onthophagini and Sisyphini are arboreal in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and the primitive tribe Canthonini alone in the Neotropical region. Lower abundance of arboreal dung beetles in the Western Ghats is attributed to the lower abundance of arboreal primates in this area. Higher abundance and diversity of monkey populations in the dry forest region and the availability of dung in the arboreal canopy for a longer duration in the dry forests with a very short rainy season lead to higher abundance of arboreal dung beetles in the dry forests. Onthogphagus centricornis, the dominant arboreal dung beetle in both dry and wet forests in the southern Western Ghats, is the smallest arboreal dung beetle species recorded so far. Smaller size range of all arboreal dung beetle species indicates that small size must be considered as the major adaptation for arboreality. Based on their capacity to exploit dung resources both on the ground and in the arboreal environment, it is proposed that the arboreal dung beetle species are a more modern group than the exclusively ground-based dung beetle species.

This work represents the third contribution of a series of publications focused on the study of the natural history and evolution of the Tarsosteninae. The work includes four genera: Abiliella Peracchi, Ardearsus Opitz, new genus, Ochracea Opitz, new genus, and Somaovalis Opitz, new genus. Six new species are described: Abiliella albosutura Opitz, Abiliella galbina Opitz, Ardearsus morulus Opitz, Ochracea xanthosa Opitz, Somaovalis sexnaeva Opitz, and Somaovalis sinestigma Opitz. Among the species treated in this work, only Abiliella fasciata Peracchi was previously described. It is postulated that the genera and species in question originated in South America after the Andean orogenic events that took place during the Miocene. Included in this work are: a key to the genera and species, 17 line drawings, eight electron micrographs, seven color habitus photographs, six photographs of genitalia, a species-level phylogenetic tree, and one distributional map of the species.

Enoclerus juquilensis Rifkind, new species is described from the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Comparison is made with Enoclerus atriceps (Gorham), a similar species from Guatemala and El Salvador.

Graphops cavani Clark and Heninger, new species, is described from Utah, USA. The adult host is Oenothera pallida Lindley growing in sandy habitats. Adults of the new species are flightless.

A new fossil weevil species of the cossonine genus Caulophilus Wollaston, Caulophilus ayotzinapa Barrios-Izás, new species, from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene amber of Totolapa, Chiapas, Mexico, is described. This represents the first record of the genus from Mexican amber. Diagnostic characters are the subquadrate shape of the pronotum, the lesser distance between eyes in dorsal view, the shallow seriate-punctate pattern of striae, interstices 8 and 9 costate, and the shape of the basal half of the tibiae widening apicad from the base to the middle of the tibiae.

Patterns of mandible chirality have been virtually unexplored in beetles, apart from a single study in 2010. Here we present the mandible chirality trends found in 58 beetle species representing the families Carabidae (52 species), Cerambycidae (three species), and Silphidae (three species) that display overlapping mandibles. Mandible chirality was not random in the groups examined, all of which exhibited a dominant trend towards left-superiority. The degree to which each taxonomic group displayed the left-superior trend differed, with tiger beetles showing the greatest dominance (99%) and longhorned beetles the weakest (71%).