Gao, F.; Zhang, C.; Xu, Y., and Liu, L., 2020. Numerical analysis of wave characteristics in Dholalai Port, Djibouti, Gulf of Aden. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 1–6. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on collected meteorological and wave conditions data, a wave numerical model was used to investigate the maximum wave heights and directions for the port of Dholalai, in Djibouti, Gulf of Aden. For the project area, the strong wave direction and prevailing wave direction were determined. The prevailing wave direction is from the E. The maximum wave height, denoted H_13%, is 5.08 m at point P2 in the 100 year return period. The wave period is 10.79 seconds. From the results of design wave conditions without any structures, the cape shields the project area from waves coming from the ENE and E directions well. Under the conditions of 100 year return period and extreme high water level, the maximum wave height H_13% is 2.29 m for the E direction, 1.92 m for the ENE direction, and 1.18 m for the NE direction. Fetch is limited for the direction NNE-W, where the wave height H_13% ranges from 1.6 to 1.9 m.

Yu, D. and Zou, Z., 2020. Empirical research on the interaction between marine scientific and technological innovation and marine economic development. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 7–11. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Scientific and technological innovation is of great significance to marine economic growth. This study selected marine technology innovation and marine economic growth data from 2005 to 2017 of Hainan Province, China, and constructed a vector autoregressive model to conduct an empirical analysis of the interactive relationship between marine technological innovation and marine economic growth in Hainan. The results show that there is a significant co-integration relationship between investment in scientific and technological innovation and economic growth. The growth of Hainan's marine economy is the Granger cause for the increase in the number of scientific researchers in area marine scientific institutions; the increase in marine scientific research personnel and the increase of marine scientific research funding in turn will drive marine economy development. Based on the above conclusions, corresponding policy suggestions are proposed from the perspective of the government's top-level design, personnel training and introduction system, and marine intellectual property protection, to boost the high-quality development of Hainan's marine economy.

Luo, J.; Meng, B.; Wang, S., and Kuang, H., 2020. Research on the development of China's marine economy from the perspective of the operational efficiency of shipping enterprises. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 12–15. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Developing the marine economy is a recent trend in China's development strategy. A more in-depth exploration into the marine economy is of great theoretical and practical importance. Still, there have not been adequate studies that focus on the efficiency of shipping enterprises. The global financial crisis of 2009 had tremendous impacts on the shipping industry. At one point, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) dropped sharply to 445, leading most Chinese companies to undertake business volume reduction and financial loss. As a result, problems such as asset reorganization, job cuts, and asset selling occurred. This imposed huge pressure on the systems related to the marine economy. In this paper, the dynamic stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method was used to select listed shipping companies as the case studies and collect their financial data over the past 6 years. The results show that the efficiency level of the listed companies in the shipping industry is quite different, which means that there are vast differences in the management and resource allocation capabilities of these sample companies. As globalization advances forward, increasing international competition in the shipping industry has caused enormous challenges to shipping companies. The empirical results show that the operational efficiency of China's shipping industry is of considerable significance to enhance the ability of risk identification, increase scientific and technological support, and address other challenges to improve China's overall marine economic strength and optimize the industrial structure of the marine economy.

Wang, W.; Li, W.; Yao, Z.; Zhang, Z., and Zhou, L., 2020. Mechanical properties and crushing mechanism of reef coral–sand mixture. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 16–21. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The coral sand used in engineering is often mixed with silica particles and other impurities to form a coral-sand mixture. To explore the mechanical properties of this mixture and the crushing mechanism of the particles, standard sand particles of diameters 0.3–0.5 mm and 0.5–0.85 mm replaced the corresponding sizes of coral sand with equal mass. Under the same relative compactness condition, the water content and vertical load were set, and direct shear tests were performed. The results show that the incorporation of standard sand reduces the shear strength of coral sand, and the effect is most apparent when the 0.3–0.5 mm particles are replaced. As the water content increases, the cohesion of the coral sand mixture decreases, whereas the internal friction angle first increases and then decreases. The particle breakage of coral sand increases as the vertical load increases and decreases as the water content increases. Therefore, replacement of standard sand can reduce the particle breakage rate of coral sand.

Zhong, S.; Yu, W.; Guo, X., and Zhao, J., 2020. Simulation of marine natural gas pipeline network impact on natural gas market based on cloud computing. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 22–25. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the traditional analysis of marine natural gas pipeline network operation impact on natural gas markets, low discrimination is a problem. Therefore, based on a cloud computing model of the natural gas market, the impact on marine natural gas pipeline network operation is studied in this paper. The cloud computing model was used to determine the architecture of the marine natural gas pipeline network operation and the impact of the cloud computing system as compared with traditional methods. The experimental data show that the cloud computing method is 10% more effective than traditional methods.

Xing, Z. and Li, G., 2020. Research on intelligent recognition of coast image features in distributed system based on deep learning. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 26–31. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The traditional content-based image recognition method has the disadvantages of low recognition efficiency and poor precision for coast images. Therefore, a massive image recognition method based on Hadoop is proposed in this paper, which implemented distributed computing for coast digital images. In this paper, the speeded up robust features (SURF) of images were acquired, and the SURF features of similar pictures were clustered via the k-means clustering algorithm. Finally, the image features were quantified by term frequency-inverse document frequency data mining technology, and the image was shaped according to the SURF features input by a user to achieve accurate identification of similar images. The analysis of results showed that the recognition means has superior efficiency and accuracy for identifying massive images, which greatly improved the recognition performance of the image and enhances the robustness of the system.

Yang, B.; Zhao, Z., and Zheng, G., 2020. The relevance analysis of regulation clarity degree and human error contribution to ship collision accidents. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 32–36. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Analyzed in this paper is the correlation between the risk degree of the human risk factor in collision accidents at sea and the clarity degree of regulations related to the risk factor. The risk degree of each factor is analyzed based on the fuzzy rule-based Fine-Kinney method. The defuzzification contribution value of each risk factor to collision accidents is obtained. The confidence value in a priori algorithms of each human risk factor in accidents is obtained by mining the data of 481 accidents in the Liaoning sea area from 2005 to 2014. Nine experts score the clarity degree of the management regulations which are relevant to each risk factor. And the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) weight value of each factor's clarity is calculated by the AHP. The AHP weight values cannot express the clarity degree, but they are approximately equal to one in a million of evaluation scores in the Fine-Kinney method whose score can express the clarity degree. Then the AHP weight values, instead of Fine-Kinney scores of the clarity degrees, are compared with the fuzzy rule-based Fine-Kinney defuzzification contribution values and the a priori algorithm confidence values of the human risk factors in collisions, respectively. The AHP weight values are a negative linear correlation with the defuzzification values and confidence values. This demonstrates that the more clarified the relevant regulations are, the lower the risk of the human factor in ship collision avoidance operation will be.

Qin, F.; Zeng, W.; Zou, C., and Yang, J., 2020. Research on three-dimensional ocean temperature field variation model based on assimilation and reconstruction of regression equation. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 37–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

For a long time, natural marine ecosystems have been subject to strong human intervention and global environmental changes. Therefore, it is a meaningful challenge to objectively evaluate the constituent elements of marine material transport, energy flow, and system functions. Besides, the calculation method of three-dimensional (3D) ocean temperature fields is improved in the paper by establishing regression model assimilation and reconstruction of 3D ocean temperature fields. Moreover, according to Guinethut's method, the model is reconstructed with the help of 3D monthly average temperatures and the salinity field of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service. Then, monthly average sea surface data sea level anomaly and sea surface temperature from the satellite observations of the next year are used to derive 3D monthly average temperatures of the next year field. Additionally, the data sets of adjacent or similar years are applied to obtain linear regression relationships between sea surface and underwater features, which can improve the accuracy of reconstruction. The most optimal interpolation method is used to assimilate the measured data of Argo to increase accuracy. Finally, after data analysis and comparison, it is proved that compared with other methods, the observation value of the data model established in research content of the paper is further improved, which provides important reference for marine ecological protection work.

Sang, Z.; Huang, J.; He, J.; Fang, R.; Yan, J., and Lei, H., 2020. The integrated energy system with multiple resources integration in future distribution network of pelagic clustering islands. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 42–47. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the overall strategy of national security, the pelagic clustering islands have a special geostrategic significance as an important fulcrum and platform to safeguard national coastal defense and maritime rights and interests. Reliable energy supply is the artery of the development and construction of the pelagic clustering islands. Still, the current research is mostly aimed at the offshore islands, lacking relevant theories and methods for the pelagic clustering islands. Therefore, the current situation of the island grid research, with its limitations and defects when applied to the pelagic clustering islands, are inquired and analyzed in the paper firstly. Furthermore, an integrated energy system (IES) as a future distribution network of pelagic islands is proposed for the purpose of taking full advantage of the abundant renewable energy to optimize the configuration of multiple resources of the islands as a whole. The IES breaks the isolated development pattern of island grid, taking the islands as a whole, interconnected through the originality energy storage vessels (ESVs). Finally, the key technologies required to construct the IES of pelagic islands are summarized, and the design of ESVs as well as the case study are given in order to provide a reference for the development and construction of pelagic clustering islands in China.

Wang, J.; Yin, Y.; Wu, H., and Yang, T., 2020. Critical safety risks identification of bridge construction projects in the marine environment based on HHM and SNA. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 48–52. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to prevent safety accidents in bridge construction projects affected by the marine environment, the hierarchical holographic modeling (HHM) and the social network analysis (SNA) were applied in an integrated manner to identify critical safety risks. Firstly, the HHM frame of safety risks were established from six dimensions, which were risk source, construction unit, control error, risk loss, safety accident, and participant. Then, the risk network topology model, which was the key to connect HHM method with SNA method, was constructed by the Delphi method. Subsequently, the SNA method was applied to study characteristics of this risk network topology model to identify the critical factors. Finally, the critical safety risks of the Tangshan Zhongshan Bridge were studied by this model. The results showed that under the dimensions of risk source and control error, critical safety risk factors were the lack of managers' safety awareness, the lack of safety skills, the low maturity of key technologies, and failing to effectively detect and respond to changes of the marine environment. The integrated use of HHM and SNA is able to fully and effectively identify the critical safety risks of bridge construction projects in the marine environment. The theoretical and case study results of this paper is helpful to prevent construction safety accidents.

Ding, L., 2020. Research on semantic analysis of ocean flow field based on feature similarity collaborative filtering. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 53–57. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the field of ocean space-time data modeling research, fields and features are usually used to describe and organize ocean current phenomena, which is continuous and dynamic. However, during the process, the semantic analysis and expression of ocean flow field phenomena often produce heterogeneous problems. Because the feature theory can construct and define the conceptual model framework of domain knowledge system, the semantic analysis of the ocean flow field using the feature theory can be regarded as one of the ways to achieve the semantic sharing of the ocean flow field. Moreover, based on the collection and analysis of existing knowledge and concepts in the field of marine science, a quadruple-based organization in the paper is proposed for ocean flow field features, in which by expanding the concept features, attribute features, and relationship features, a basic structure-based approach is formed. The overall characteristic structure of the ocean flow field comprises concept, attribute, and relationship structure. Additionally, collaborative filtering is performed on the similarity of the structural features in the ocean flow field, and a formal grammatical expression system conforming to the characteristics of continuous flow field is also made so that a normative framework system is provided for the ocean flow field knowledge organization. The OWL language is used, which allows for the conduction of the formal expression and description of geostrophic flow, which provides semantic support for the integration and management of spatiotemporal data in the ocean flow fields.

Yang, S.; Chong, X.; Yan, Z.; Sun, J., and Fu, F., 2020. Research on ocean feature mining processing based on deep convolution optimization algorithm. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 58–62. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the breakthrough progress of deep learning methods in ocean image classification and target detection, the sea-level tracking algorithms based on deep learning have also attracted widespread attention. Therefore, an anti-occlusion real-time target tracking algorithm using a deep convolution model to extract ocean image features is proposed in which offline pretraining is performed on a large-scale data set with a stack-type noise reduction auto-encoder to obtain general object representation capabilities Then, the particle filtering framework is introduced to input the labeled samples of the first frame in tracking data set for online fine-tuning so that the extracted features of different convolutional layers in the pretrained deep network can be combined with the relevant filtering framework. The algorithm in the paper cannot achieve only good tracking accuracy, but it also realized faster tracking speed under complex sea-level environments. The problem of target occlusion during tracking is solved as well.

Zheng, Y.; Zhang, L.; Yang, B.; Zhang, G.; Liu, T., and Liu, S., 2020. Efficient classification method of marine GIS remote sensing database under dynamic complex network. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 63–67. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the traditional marine GIS database of remote sensing classification process, the classification accuracy is low, and the classification effect is not ideal. Therefore, an effective classification method based on relevant evidence for remote sensing database of marine GIS is proposed. The n-gram algorithm is used to calculate the GIS remote sensing data records, and the n-gram values representing the attributes of each record are obtained. The similarity of remote sensing data records is calculated, and the similar and repeated remote sensing data records are removed by sorting and merging. According to the theory of evidence and the relevant evidence synthesis method, the marine remote sensing data of GIS is applied to neural network classifier, and the classification is performed based on the results. The experimental results show that this method has the advantages of good performance, high classification accuracy, high recall rate, and high data-cleaning precision.

Pang, S.; Li, S., and Hu, X., 2020. Typhoon carrier disaster loss index models and application based on principal component analysis. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 68–72. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper focuses on the formation and harm of typhoons and impact on direct economic losses in Guangdong Province of China. It specifically considers three carriers of typhoons: fragility of disaster-bearing body, hazard factor intensity, and the capacity of disaster prevention and alleviation. Based on the three carriers, the index system of impact of typhoon disaster on social economy, natural geography, and disaster prevention and alleviation data, such as per capita GDP, typhoon t index, soil porosity, and number of special emergency plans for typhoon, is built. Using the principal component analysis method, correlation analysis and characteristic index extraction are performed for 25 impact indicators, three carrier index models of typhoons are innovatively established, and the typhoon disaster loss index model is further proposed and established, which is used to calculate the loss index of 54 typhoons in Guangdong from 2001 to 2018 for application analysis. This study provides scientific reference for typhoon disaster prevention and emergency rescue plan optimization.

Ge, L.; Li, J., and Chen, J., 2020. Research on seafood traceable data based on k-modes clustering algorithm. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 73–77. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The improved k-modes clustering algorithm for classification attribute data is proposed, in which the classification attribute data of seafood traceable data are taken as an example and the k-modes algorithm is improved by improving clustering accuracy and process. The improved k-modes clustering algorithm combines density and distance to select the initial center point of cluster, which ensures the effectiveness of the initial cluster center and avoids falling into local extreme points so that clustering process can be simplified. The improved k-modes clustering algorithm redefines the clustering mode and comprehensively considers the representative of all attribute values in sample attributes to clustering category so that the distance measure will be improved and that the clustering effect can be optimized. Experiments show that the improved k-modes clustering method has good clustering effect on standard data sets, which is universal to classification attribute data and worthy of being more popular and further improving in practice.

Wang, X.; Song, B.; Qian, Y., and Lao, J., 2020. Study of wind-induced vibration of a high-rise and thin-walled steel tower. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 78–82. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

There are many high-rise and thin-walled structures in the coastal environment. These structures easily produce vibrations under the action of wind load. Thus, it is necessary to study the wind-induced vibration response of the steel tower. The AR model method is used to simulate the natural pulsating wind velocity spectrum in different return periods. In addition, the wind-induced vibration responses of the integrated steel tower are successfully calculated using a numerical wind tunnel method. The reliability of the numerical method is verified by onsite monitoring. The results show that the responses of displacement amplitude gradually increase along with height. The larger the wind velocity, the larger the displacement response of the structure. The maximum displacement does not exceed the limit for displacement of the structure. The stress decreases along with the height, and there is a mutation of stress at the position of the variable cross-section. The greater the wind velocity, the higher the stress. Therefore, for wind resistance evaluation of this steel tower, the bottom and variable cross-sections should be controlled by stress and the top should be controlled by displacement.

Wang, X., 2020. Temporal changes and spatial pattern evolution of marine disasters in China from 1736 to 1911 based on geospatial models: A multiscalar analysis. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 83–88. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine disasters refer to abnormal or drastic changes in the natural ocean environment that lead to disasters at sea or on the coast. The spatial model was used to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of marine disasters in China from a multiscale perspective. Studies show that the frequency of marine disasters in China was 92.61%. Summer and autumn seasons had the greatest frequency. On a 10-year scale, there was a declining and rising trend, and the annual scale showed a pulsating trend. From 1736 to 1911, marine disasters showed agglomerated distribution, and the spatial distribution of marine disasters showed significant differences. The spatial distribution of marine disasters in China was more south than north, and Guangdong was the most frequently affected. In terms of county distribution, disasters had a spot-shaped distribution at high frequencies and a flower-shaped distribution at low frequencies. The gravity center of marine disasters shifted southward in different periods, and underwent a process of change from SE to SW. It was related to a global- to hemisphere-scale cold-to-warm conversion from the late 19th century to the early 20th century.

Jiang, W.; Zhang, H.; Peng, J.; Song, C., and Li, X., 2020. Waterway design criteria of land reclamation based on an environmental fluid dynamics computer model. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 89–94. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Planning design criteria are critical for offshore artificial island land reclamation. To evaluate the coastal environmental impact of land reclamation, a quantitative analysis is carried out based on an environmental fluid dynamics computer (EFDC) model. Eight hypothetical waterway conditions are simulated in three groups (island–shore distance, island–island distance, and waterway direction). The effects of different conditions are compared by hydrodynamic characteristics and water exchange capacity. Based on the simulation results, the waterway design principles could be summarized as three aspects: (1) increasing the distance between the islands and the coast is beneficial to improving water circulation capacity, (2) the distance between artificial islands should be reduced as much as possible to speed up the water flow in the waterway, and (3) the waterways segregating the artificial islands should be as parallel to the coast as possible. It can be observed that the proposed waterway design criteria could provide effective and environmentally friendly guidance for future planning and construction.

He, J.; Li, J., and Ge, L., 2020. Model and simulation of symbiotic evolutionary dynamics of a marine cross-border e-commerce trade ecosystem. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 95–98. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the marine cross-border e-commerce trade ecosystem, the trade ecosystem theory in this paper is combined with relevant economic theories and is introduced into a symbiotic evolutionary dynamic model to explore the symbiotic evolution of the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem and reveal the evolution law of the marine cross-border e-commerce ecosystem. Meanwhile, supported by the energy flow model and the information flow model of the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem, the products or services of cross-border e-commerce providers are optimized to build a symbiotic evolutionary dynamic model of the cross-border trade ecosystem in marine e-commerce. Moreover, with the advancement of the development stage, in the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem, the relationships among species have become increasingly close. As a result, the evolution rule of the symbiotic relationship is verified through simulation experiments in the study, providing new ideas for the cross-border trade of marine e-commerce to maintain the balance of the marine cross-border e-commerce ecosystem and promote the development of the marine e-commerce industry.

Fang, J.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Y.; Chen, G.; Yang, S.; Wang, T., and Wang, F., 2020. Sedimentary environment division by clayey water electrical conductivity and grain-size analysis: A case study of an xz-borehole in the western plain of Bohai Bay, China. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 99–103. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

According to the measured value of clayey water electrical conductivity (EC) of xz-borehole core samples from the south bank plain of the Haihe River in Tianjin, the marine and continental strata of the xz-borehole core were divided. From bottom to top, the core represents the regression process of a neritic facies deposit (Zone I), intertidal deposit (Zone II), and continental deposit (Zone III). The hydrodynamic conditions of xz-borehole marine facies, sea–land transitional facies, and terrestrial strata were analyzed by grain-size analysis methods such as probability accumulation curve and CM diagram, and the sedimentary facies were further divided according to sediment grain size and sorting characteristics. Zone I is subdivided into a neritic facies deposit with a finer grain size and hydrodynamic stability (I-1 and I-3), a neritic facies deposit with a coarser grain size and stronger hydrodynamic force (I-2), and a delta front deposit with rapid EC value decline and a coarse grain size (I-4). Zone III, with a low EC value, is subdivided into fine-grained floodplain–flooding plain sediments (III-2) and coarse-grained crevasse splay sediments (III-1). High-energy hydrodynamic events in the deposition process can be accurately identified with grain-size analysis and EC indicators. Therefore, it can make up for the defect that EC cannot further refine the internal sedimentary facies for the marine facies, transitional facies, and continental facies. It has a good effect on the detailed differentiation of sediments and sedimentary facies in the coastal plain, and the identification of sedimentary events.

Li, Y. and Zhang, M., 2020. Simulation study for obstacle avoidance of autonomous underwater vehicles. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 104–108. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Fish can track their prey and detect their surroundings in a complex water environment because of their unique underwater perception advantage. In this paper, on the basis of the sensing flow-field environment mechanism of the fish lateral line system, by analyzing the sonar system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and the sensing principle of the fish lateral line system, the obstacle model of two shapes is established by using ANSYS software with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis method. Two characteristic variables of different flow velocity and obstacle size are combined to simulate the flow field. The flow field of the fluid through different shape obstacles is analyzed, and the variation of the flow velocity to the flow field around the obstacle is compared, with the aim to establish a method to actively perceive and analyze the surrounding flow-field information through the characteristic parameters (velocity, size, shape) of the underwater obstacle itself. This paper provides a novel idea and practical sensing means for underwater detection technology, which can fill the void left by sonar and vision systems in a chaotic water environment. Improving the adaptive ability of AUV flow field and providing the theoretical basis for realizing the bionic lateral line engineering in the future, this research has an important impetus to the development of AUVs.

Sun, C., 2020. Digital finance, technology innovation, and marine ecological efficiency. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 109–112. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A growing consensus recognizes that finance and technology have important impacts on marine ecological efficiency. This paper first summarizes the tendency of marine green factor productivity by using the data envelopment analysis-Malmquist model. To understand the influence of digital finance on marine ecological efficiency, studying the data of coastal provinces in China from 2011 to 2018 provides an opportunity to discuss the theoretical relationship, where the effects of economic variables such as industrial structure and fiscal expenditure are well controlled. By using the fixed-effect model and instrument variables, the regression result shows that digital finance can promote marine ecological efficiency, which is more obvious in southern coastal provinces. In conclusion, it is important to strengthen the development of digital finance in coastal areas, encourage scientific and technological innovation, and promote ecological efficiency.

Liu, M.; Wang, J., and Zhou, J., 2020. Simulation study on extraction method of graphic elements of ocean plane based on visual communication. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 113–117. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

One of the principles of ocean architecture design is to reasonably coordinate the use of architectural plane graphics to match the structure. In addition, from the perspective of the development of architectural history, the symbols related to visual communication, such as graphics and patterns, are applied to the building skin and bear specific information and meaning, which has occurred throughout the development of architecture. With the deepening of interdisciplinary degree, visual elements and visual symbols are reinterpreted by combining visual communication with the design of marine architecture. The collection of marine architectural plane elements based on visual communication plays an important role in the realization of marine architectural design. Traditional methods tend to focus on the extraction of attributes; the accuracy is low and the recognition rate is not high. This method first marks the extracted graphic elements, separates the background and the main elements, preprocesses the graphic elements, and then obtains the eigenvalues of the graphic elements by using the covariance matrix. After the average calculation of the eigenvalues, the variance of the eigenvalues of the elements with high dimensions is reduced. The grayscale map is used to determine the size and direction of the feature points of the core elements, and the final recomposition is carried out to realize the extraction of graphic elements of the ocean building plane under visual communication. The simulation results show that the graphic elements extracted by this method are not only accurate but also of low dimension.

Zhao, H.; Wang, C.; Wang, Z., and Liu, J., 2020. Reef evolution model of Dongsha Uplift in Pearl River mouth basin, South China Sea. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 118–124. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Hydrocarbon resource distribution in the organic reef areas all over the world is so rich that it is estimated to exceed 5 billion tons of oil. With continuous development of oil exploration and production, hydrocarbon resources in bioherm reservoirs will increase greatly. The recent oil exploration situation of bioherm reservoirs in the world is reviewed. The South China Sea is the largest marginal sea in China and various kinds of organic reefs exist and are buried in it. The peculiar geological conditions and the favorable bioherm reservoir conditions contribute to a good prospect for oil exploration. The South China Sea is the biggest marginal sea in the West Pacific and its evolutionary process supplies a proper growing environment to the reef. Dongsha Massif was shallow water and far from provenance supply area in the Miocene; its temperature, salinity, and water depth were fit for reef growth. According to the multidisciplinary analysis of seismic data interpretation, well logging, and core data, combining to the relative sea-level curve of variation, we hold the point that plenty of reef developed in Dongsha Massif, and the growth corresponded to the relative sea-level curve of variation and areal structure evolution period. The relative sea-level cycling variation and the complicated structure evolution made reefs in the study area with good characteristics, and they became potential gas and oil reservoirs.

Sun, C.; Wang, N.; Jin, S., and Wang, M., 2020. Study on spatial interpolation method of marine sediment particle size based on geostatistics. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 125–130. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To reflect continuously and appreciably on the distribution of the average particle size of marine sediments, the geostatistical interpolation method based on GIS is used to predict the particle size of offshore sediments in a certain sea area in Liaoning. The kriging interpolation, the inverse distance weighting method, and polynomial interpolation method were used to spatially interpolate the particle size data of the experimental sites, and the cross-validation method was used to appraise the interpolation accuracy of the results. According to the results, in the case of limited data, the kriging interpolation method is the best. Inverse distance weighting method is better than polynomial interpolation method, but the interpolation results of the three methods all show a certain probability accuracy and can be used to predict a certain area. The particle size of the ocean substrate can be predicted and used by others.

Li, H. and Xue, W., 2020. Research on the construction of marine development framework model and the mechanism of dynamic elements based on system dynamics. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 131–134. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

From the perspective of system dynamics, this article constructs the dynamic system framework of marine development, and uses Cobb Douglas production function for reference to explore the dynamic mechanism and characteristics of marine resources, capital, labor force, science and technology, and other factors to promote marine development under the condition of technological nonneutrality. On this basis, the dynamic model of marine development is constructed, and the panel data of China's coastal areas in 2000–2019 are used for empirical tests. The main conclusions are as follows: the positive driving effect of capital on marine development is the most significant, followed by investment in science and technology, the positive effect of the labor force is not significant, and the negative effect of marine resources is not obvious. In accordance with the research findings, an improvement path of marine development power mechanism is proposed from the perspectives of industrial structure and layout, finance, marine science and technology, and its achievements: transformation, regional cooperation, integration of land and sea, and infrastructure.

Hao, P. and He, M., 2020. Ship detection based on small sample learning. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 135–139. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Ship detection plays a vital role in the management of maritime transportation. So far, many ship detection methods have been proposed since the era from traditional to deep learning. However, most of them require complicated and time-consuming data annotation tasks, and the huge amount of data also brings challenges to real-time ship detection. In order to reduce the burden of data annotation and achieve high detection accuracy and real-time performance, this article proposes a method of real-time ship detection based on small sample learning. This method mainly consists of three modules: weight sharing, filtering-RPN, and matching detector. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this article not only can detect ships effectively but also has high detection accuracy. In addition, compared with other mainstream methods under the same experimental environment, the average precision of this method is over 96.7%, which is far better than other methods. The results prove the effectiveness of this method.

Sun, C. and Yi, Y., 2020. The research of the dual effects of financial development on the optimization of marine industrial structure. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 140–143. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A review of extant literature shows that financial development is related to the optimization of marine industrial structure. With the data of coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2016, and using cointegration and Granger causality test, the regression result shows that there is a mutually promoting relationship between financial development and the optimization of marine industrial structure. In addition, in order to study the spatial characteristics of financial development, through selecting indicators of financial agglomeration, this article uses a fixed effects model and a spatial econometric model to study the impact of financial agglomeration on the optimization of marine industrial structure, where the effects of economic variables such as fiscal expenditure are well controlled. The results found that financial agglomeration has a significant spatial spillover effect. In conclusion, it is important to strengthen the financial development in coastal areas and eventually enhance the optimization of marine industrial structure.

Fu, X.; Xu, X., and Wang, K., 2020. Design of an intelligent marine ship lighting power detection system based on Internet of things. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 144–150. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The marine ship lighting system is a significant unit of navigation to improve the safety of the crew. The traditional oceangoing voyage lighting power system has low efficiency, delays in troubleshooting times, and high energy consumption in the detection of fault points. Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and automation, the authors proposed an intelligent lighting power detection method to ensure the safe, efficient, and stable operation of the oceangoing voyage. Specifically, in the distinct lighting and dynamic circuit multifault environment of the oceangoing voyage, the illumination detection time limit of a traditional lighting power system and the proposed intelligent lighting system were compared; the current and voltage values of the intelligent lighting system were measured and analyzed. This method proved to be effective in detecting a variety of faults of an oceangoing voyage lighting system and has fast and stable performance as well as high accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively avoid unexpected accidents caused by power lighting failures and improve the green energy-saving performance of oceangoing voyage lighting systems.

Zeng, Y., 2020. Shifts in herring and mackerel resources in the North Sea under global warming. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 151–155. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The shift of habitats for economic marine species may pose a great challenge to the existing fishing industry. Under the current business model, fish populations may migrate too far to be caught by small fishing companies. Herring and mackerel are two extremely important species in the North Sea fisheries. This research takes herring and mackerel as examples to establish mathematical models to find out why and how small fishing companies near the North Sea should prepare for the potential challenges due to global warming. The annual change of seawater temperature in the next 50 years is predicted based on CMIP6. Combining seawater temperature prediction and fish life patterns, the migration prospects of fish populations are obtained. Results are carefully charted on the map using MATLAB, making the findings vivid and precise. The extent to which fish may move north is different in selected scenarios, which is analyzed and discussed. This study provides valuable insights into how climate change may affect the North Sea's ecosystem and fishing industry.

Li, J.; Che, Y.; Song, N.; Chen, D., and Li, J., 2020. Analysis of oil spill pollution in the sea based on hyperspectral laser radar. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 156–160. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The oceans, which account for 71% of the earth's surface area, play a very important role in the development of human society and provide rich resources for mankind. The pollution from oil spills on the sea surface will cause great harm to marine natural ecology and marine living resources. In this paper, according to the characteristics and harms of petroleum pollutants, combined with the development trend of domestic and foreign super-continuous spectrum LIDAR technology, a set of hyperspectral LIDAR prototypes for monitoring oil spill pollution in the sea is designed. The LIDAR can cover the band range of 400 nm∼1100 nm and measure the spectral irradiance of oil spills on the surface of water with different thicknesses at daytime and at night, respectively. According to the experimental data, the super-continuous spectrum LIDAR prototype can be well-qualified for the monitoring of oil spills on the sea surface at night. The experimental data show that the LIDAR prototype can be applied to the monitoring of oil spill pollution.

Jin, R.; Cao, Y., and Li, F., 2020. Comprehensive evaluation on the development level of shipbuilding industry and analysis of spatial distribution. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 161–165. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The shipbuilding industry is a strategic industry for national economic development and national defense construction. A comprehensive analysis of the development level and spatial distribution of China's shipbuilding industry is of great significance in optimizing the spatial distribution of the shipping industry. This paper builds an evaluation index system from five dimensions. By analytical hierarchy process-entropy weight method and set pair analysis, it evaluates the level of shipbuilding industry in 11 provinces in mainland China. By cluster analysis, evaluation results are classified. The results show that there is an obvious imbalance in the development level of the shipbuilding industry. The development advantages of Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Liaoning shipbuilding industries are obvious. Shandong, Fujian, and Guangdong are at a medium level. The shipbuilding industry in Guangxi, Hebei, and Hainan is inefficient. The Yangtze River Delta region has significant advantages in all aspects of agglomeration factors. Liaoning is an important gathering center for shipping industry in the Bohai Rim region. Tianjin, Shandong, and Guangdong performed well in industry support level, and the international level.

Yang, D.; Jing, D.; Yang, D.; Zhang, L., and Li, H., 2020. Sedimentation process of petroleum from different sources in the Jiaozhou Bay. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 166–172. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the investigation data of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) in Jiaozhou Bay in May, August, and October 1992, according to horizontal material content variation model and vertical material content variation model proposed by in this study, horizontal loss amount, vertical dilution amount, and vertical sediment amount of PHC content in the surface and at the bottom were calculated, and the modeling chart of horizontal and vertical PHC content variation were determined. The results show that the horizontal absolute loss amount of PHC content in the surface and at the bottom of the bay in May, August, and October ranged from 0.001 mg/L to 0.048 mg/L, and the horizontal relative loss amount of PHC content in the surface and at the bottom ranged from 2.77% to 77.41%. Both in the surface and at the bottom, the absolute vertical dilution amount of PHC ranged between 0.010–0.013 mg/L, and the relative vertical dilution amount was 36.11–41.66%; the absolute vertical accumulation amount of PHC was 0.004–0.020 mg/L, and the relative vertical accumulation amount was 28.57–32.25%. In the process of horizontal migration, if there is much PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) loss amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively high; if there is little PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) loss amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively low. In the process of vertical migration, if there is much PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) accumulation amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively high; if there is little PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) dilution amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively high. The sedimentation process of PHC from different sources presented in this paper reveals that there is difference of sedimentation process between PHC transported through open sea currents and PHC in the local water.

Wang, J.; Liu, M., and Li, W., 2020. Color matching simulation of ocean landscape decoration pattern based on visual communication. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 173–177. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine landscape design and visual communication have deep cross backgrounds. Marine landscape as a special tourism environment has a unique design scope. The connotation of marine landscape design is as a comprehensive marine visual language design and landscape design composite, to reinterpret the visual language and visual symbols, and reflect the visual symbols and the huge influence of visual language. In this paper, the color matching of marine landscape decoration pattern is optimized, which can effectively improve the design quality of marine landscapes. Ocean landscape based on visual communication, design, color, and decorative pattern optimization methods to match the color on the process is as follows. First, you need to set up corresponding to the color of the space and then, calculating chromaticity moments of the pixels in different connecting blocks on the basis of the Legendre polynomial calculation, use the core of the marine landscape decoration design color feature, extracting based on the distance between the different types of color clustering, and finally complete the optimization of marine landscape decoration design color matching. The simulation results show that the proposed method has obvious matching effects and greatly improves the quality of marine landscape design.

Hou, X.; Sun, W.; Luo, Q.; Zhang, S., Huang, S., 2020. Inhibition of marine biofouling with degradable copolymer. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 178–182. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Degradable copolymers are promising materials for marine antibiofouling as the resource and environmental problems become more and more serious. Degradable copolymer poly(-caprolactone-co-tert-butyl methacrylate) was synthesized with organic catalyst. The presence of the poly(-caprolactone) entries increases the erosion rates and reduce the swelling of the polymer film in the meantime. Poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) segments enhance the adhesion of the copolymer. Our study indicates that as the ester units in the backbone increase, the degradation rate increases but the swelling decreases in seawater. The degradation is controlled by the polymer composition or the molar ratio of the ester units. Marine field tests demonstrate that the degradable copolymers show good antibiofouling performance.

Xing, H. and Yang, H., 2020. Fuzzy system model of ocean labor demand based on industrial IOT network. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 183–187. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Labor demand has been one of the core issues of labor economics. Reasonable analysis and utilization of labor can improve labor structure and regional and national industrial structure. This can effectively reduce unemployment and increase overall productivity and gross domestic product. Marine and fishery resources are very important for modern societies, and the demand for labor has a very strong seasonality with fishery production. Therefore, it is important to reasonably and accurately predict and judge the trends of labor demand. Previous research theories have focused on qualitative analysis, but quantitative analysis of labor demand is rare. Based on the mobile Internet big data and cloud computing methods, a fuzzy system model for the prediction of marine labor demand was established in this study. Using vector data, the model was improved, and then the model was used to predict the marine labor demand in a certain area, and a good prediction effect was obtained.

Zhang, X.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, L., and E, D., 2020. Blue-ice extraction and classification in Antarctica using MOA images. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 188–192. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) images, areas of Antarctic blue ice were extracted and classified based on the grayscale threshold value of Band 1 MODIS images and the threshold of the surface snow grain size in Band 1 and Band 2 MODIS images. The MOA-based blue-ice area extraction method was verified by tests in blue-ice areas on Grove Mountains, and the MOA-based blue-ice classification method was verified by tests on Queen Maud Land. Highly reliable Antarctic blue-ice distribution maps were obtained in this study, and the blue-ice extent in Antarctica is 188,857–226,628 km².

Chen, C.; He, X.; Lu, Y., and Chu, Y., 2020. Application of Landsat time-series data in island ecological environment monitoring: A case study of Zhoushan Islands, China. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 193–199. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

An ecological environment is a complex system fundamental to the sustainable development of societies and economies. Landsat series satellites are widely used for monitoring the changes in Earth's surface morphology. With long time-series data, Landsat can provide new methods and technical support for eco-environmental monitoring. This study developed remote-sensing monitoring methods based on Landsat data to observe the changes in the ecological environment in the Zhoushan region, China. The regional environmental changes in vegetation, water, and other key ecological factors were analyzed using multitemporal remote-sensing data. This study shows the effectiveness of this method for the extraction of key eco-environmental factors such as vegetation and water body area and the evaluation of regional eco-environmental quality. This study also reveals ecological patterns in the Zhoushan region and provides data support for regional eco-environmental assessment and management.

Chen, J.; Yang, J.; Yu, Z., and Tao, R., 2020. Inversion and experimental verification of internal wave parameters. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 200–205. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

It is very important to invert the parameters such as wavelength, amplitude, phase velocity, and group velocity of internal waves to understand their characteristics law of transmission. In this paper, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, the parameters of internal wavelength and direction were inverted based on the normalized Radon transform in the elliptical domain. The parameters of amplitude, phase velocity, and group velocity of internal waves in the Yellow Sea were inverted based on CTD data. Using the measured temperature chain data in the near-sea area, the internal wave group velocity was compared, which verified the accuracy of the inversion algorithm for internal wave parameters in this paper.

Wu, H.; Liu, S.; Wang, J., and Yang, T., 2020. Construction safety risk assessment of bridges in the marine environment based on CRITIC and TOPSIS models. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 206–210. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To accurately assess the safety risk level of bridge construction in the marine environment, this study puts forward a safety risk evaluation model by comprehensively using the CRITIC and TOPSIS methods. First, from the five dimensions of men, machines, materials, methods, and environment, this paper identified and constructed a construction safety risk evaluation index system for bridges in the marine environment, aided by expert opinions and literature research. This index system included 16 secondary indexes, and the risk classification standard of each index was determined. Then, the CRITIC model was used to calculate the weights of secondary indexes, and the TOPSIS model was used to evaluate the risk level of construction safety. The results for Tangshan Zhongshan Bridge Project showed the key technology scheme, and the key technologies that had the greatest weight. The risk level of this bridge was medium risk, and its construction safety risk level was the highest in spring. The case analysis in this paper is consistent with engineering practice, which proves the scientific suitability effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.

Yang, Y.; Zhang, G., and Du, M., 2020. Research on seafood logistics path based on ant colony optimization algorithm. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 211–214. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the continuous improvement of human demand for marine resources, seafoods are increasingly enriching people's dining tables. Because of their special storage conditions, fresh seafoods need to reach the dealers through the logistics channel quickly before consumers' purchase. In the paper, according to the logistics process of fresh seafoods aimed at the loss degree of fresh seafoods and logistics-related important indicators, the ant colony optimization algorithm is used to take the normal loss of transportation as the weight, to integrate the loss factor of fresh seafood and logistics distribution indicators, and to determine the weight of the impact value of the distribution path. These factors are integrated into the ant colony algorithm for a pheromone update so that the best logistics path of seafoods can be obtained. Through the analysis of simulation experiments, it is proved that the proposed algorithm has the characteristics of lower logistics loss and moderate cost compared with other methods, which can provide the reference for the selection of logistics paths with the same demand.

Ren, J.; Wang, L.; Huang, Z.; Wang, X.; Lu, J., and Li, H., 2020. Measurement of 3D concentration field of salinity density current using laser-induced fluorescence technique. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 215–220. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The density current is a typical fluid flow phenomenon, such as seawater intrusion, condensate discharge, and reservoir siltation. It is of great significant to simulate the infiltration processes and internal structure of density current. In our study, Rhodamine 6G was used to mark high-density brine, and the laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to simulate seawater intrusion. The evolution processes of shearing, oscillating, and mixing at the interface of brine and fresh water, two liquids with different densities, were observed, and the fluorescence intensity of different interfaces was obtained. The concentration distribution was calculated according to the calibration parameters; the concentration nephogram of the three-dimensional concentration fields and cross-sections were obtained to provide a basis for management of seawater intrusion.

Guo, S.; Wang, S., and Chen, L., 2020. Research on the regional characteristics of marine coastal architecture from the perspective of ecological development. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 221–225. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this paper, based on the theory of ecological development context on the basis of the building ecology theory and its related theory, the natural resources and ecological environment as a sea-coast construction of endogenous factors, the principle of economic benefit, ecological benefit principle as marine coastal construction should follow the basic principles of “through research, natural resources, ecological environment interact with other factors of production, form associated with ecological resources, and affect the evolution of Marine coastal construction path.” In the marine area, the marine architecture is the epitome of the history and culture of the marine city. The marine architecture with regional characteristics can not only continue the urban context, but also improve the image of the city and deepen people's overall impression of the city. Therefore, from the perspective of ecological development, this paper studies the regional characteristics of marine coastal architecture.

Peng, C., 2020. The analysis of port economy driving the development of regional economy based on regional big data analysis. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 226–229. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the accelerated development of the global economy division of labor occurs in the global regional scope of the deepening of trade between countries. As the main way and means of international exchange and trade of goods, ports have become an essential transportation channel in the transportation and exchange between countries, among which the port economy has flourished under the background of global economy. In terms of the port logistics industry and port logistics services, it is necessary to increase the support of multiple resources such as capital and manpower and to advertise itself with higher requirements in terms of logistics services. Based on the regional economy and the relationships between the elements of port logistics, through systemic economic theory to establish a model analysis, through the development of port logistics and economic development of the research design, the world in the era of diversified information and multidisciplinary integration, accompanied by cloud computing and internet, including the emergence of new technology, globalization officially entered the era of big data. Therefore, with a large number of data processing, shortcuts will be regional and related to economic behavior through the analysis and fusion of data processing to reach a relatively reliable conclusion.

Zhao, J.; Yu, J., and Wang, X., 2020. Research on systematic risk early warning system based on machine learning technology: A case study of marine economy. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 230–233. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of information technology, the value contained in big data has attracted more and more attention. Conducting efficient analysis of big data has become an important topic. Machine learning is one of the commonly used methods for data analysis. The traditional machine learning algorithm is often designed as the way of offline batch training. However, this method is not suitable for data sets with massive scale and continuous growth in the big data environment. Transforming the traditional machine learning algorithm so that it can better apply to the big data environment has become a research hotspot. With the rapid development of economy and society and the continuous progress of science and technology, the public's understanding of ocean functions is gradually deepened, the demand for marine products and services is increasing every day, and the economic and social benefits of the ocean are continuously rising. In this context, great importance should be given to the examination of marine resources and environment, the development and utilization of work, the constant adjusting of the ocean economic development policy, and the variety of comprehensive marine management measures to ensure the sustainable development of implementation of marine programs. The current mainstream of machine learning technology based on the marine economy of systemic risk early warning system for research is proposed here.

Zhang, Y., 2020. Research on grid computing of an ocean information data processing system based on the computer environment. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 234–237. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development of high-performance computing, grids are shared and used in a unified framework of geographically distributed resources to access ocean information data from different resource nodes geographically distributed at different scales. Based on the computer environment, a marine environment information sharing system is proposed in this paper that can generate irregular grids to represent two-dimensional sea and land shapes, and OpenGL and other computer graphics technologies are used to realize the visualization of ocean numerical prediction results. At the same time, a regular grid is used for calculation in the ocean numerical model. The ocean numerical model improves the simulation results. Finally, the rational results of grid computing in the marine information system are proved through the subdivision and numerical prediction simulation experiments of China's maritime and continental boundaries.

Wang, Y. and Chen, J., 2020. Establishment of an economic value evaluation model of consumers' intention with marine tourism resources based on a backpropagation neural network. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 238–241. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

An artificial neural network is a mathematical model composed of numerous adaptive dynamic systems of processing units. It has good adaptability, self-organization, strong learning ability, fault-tolerant ability, and anti-interference ability and can deal with complex problems and complex relationships flexibly. Therefore, the neural network model is used to optimize the prediction of tourism market demand. This paper analyzes and studies the concept, characteristics, and driving factors of customer-perceived value and reviews its development process.

Liu, L., 2020. Data mining analysis of the development of information resource sharing in marine enterprise management. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 242–245. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In recent years, rapid development has occurred in coastal areas. Marine enterprises regard the protection of marine rights and interests, the development of marine economy, and the protection of the marine ecological environment as main development strategies in management, in line with the development concept of a digital ocean. With the innovation of information technology, marine enterprises have accumulated a large amount of marine data. How to analyze and mine these massive data volumes effectively is one of the challenges faced in this era. The integration, intelligence, and automation of marine coastal information construction will improve the efficiency, control, and management of marine coastal areas and ultimately improve the comprehensive competitiveness of marine coastal areas.

Liu, C., 2020. Research on project management of coastal engineering enterprises under a nonparametric DEA production function. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 246–249. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine enterprises urgently need an effective management system to ensure the quality of production. First, it is necessary to extract the key technologies to improve the management level of ship and coastal engineering. According to key technical achievements, a prototype system is designed and developed to help China's shipping industry and shipping enterprises carry out scientific and standardized management. From the angle of supervision enterprise, this paper used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to establish a system of engineering supervision, institution management, a performance evaluation index, and an evaluation method of analysis of the main influencing factor in performance management of project supervision institutions on the basis of comprehensive analysis of both their characteristics and construction of an index system of the DEA model.

Yu, J., 2020. Disentangling the core–periphery structure in marine reserve networks based on a genetic algorithm. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 250–253. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Various methods have been proposed in the literature to detect an optimal partitioning of marine reserve networks into core and periphery subsets. However, these methods has been approached using approximate procedures, such as genetic algorithms, that do not guarantee an optimal bipartition. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is presented to detect the core–periphery structure in marine reserve networks, and the effect of the algorithm is analyzed. First, it presents mathematically the optimization of the error score for the core–periphery model, which is an improved expression of optimization function. Moreover, the genetic algorithm was selected to afford a guarantee of an optimal bipartition, because the genetic algorithm as a significative method is beneficial in jumping from local optimizations.

Ran, Y. and Zhang, Z., 2020. Analysis of development performance evaluation of marine enterprises in China based on SBM model. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 254–257. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the development efficiency of the marine economy is in a state of mild recession. On the basis of the slacks-based measure model, the static technical efficiency of China's regional marine economy is measured, and the total factor productivity of regional marine economy is decomposed dynamically. The Malmquist–Luenberger index dynamically decomposed the total factor productivity of the regional marine economy. In the process of regional marine economic development, China's coastal areas should improve technical efficiency on the basis of technological progress, pay attention to the input of environmental protection and environmental governance, and achieve more output with the same input.

Fu, Z.; Ding, W., and Xu, S., 2020. Analysis of the effect of grid computing on cross-organizational coordination in marine supply chain. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 258–261. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the continuous warming of the process of economic and trade globalization, the production and operation activities and resource allocation behavior of a country or region are less and less restricted by national boundaries. The ocean has been further transformed from a transport hub for goods into a basic platform for international resource allocation. As an inevitable node of international economy and trade, the ocean occupies an increasing proportion of influential factors of international economic development in the supply-chain management mode year by year. The Internet can play an important role in the coordination of the marine supply chain, and the grid, a product of its Internet development, will also play an important role in the coordination of the marine supply chain. On the basis of its grid computing, cross-organizational coordination in the ocean supply chain is able to handle its complex business and financial analysis with difficulty. Grid computing will lead to collaboration across the ocean supply chain and ultimately to the best possible coordination of services.

Shan, S., 2020. Research on government support policies for coastal transportation projects based on DEA-SBM model. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 262–265. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The transportation system of coastal cities is an important part of the social and economic system of coastal cities. The sustainability of its development is the premise to support the sustainable development of coastal cities. Sustainable development includes the planning, construction, operation, and management of transportation systems in coastal cities. In this paper, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluation model and method of synergy and development efficiency of a coastal city traffic system was put forward from the angle of input and output in the traffic system and each subsystem, the index system of sustainable development of coastal urban traffic system, and then the DEA evaluation model of the coordinated development of the coastal city traffic system.

Zhao, J.; Xiang, Y., and Liu, F., 2020. Design and implementation of marine information security early-warning system oriented to security elements association analysis. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 266–269. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine security is particularly important in today's world economic and political structure. Especially as China is a big country in the world, marine rights and ocean security are becoming increasingly important, and they are gradually being valued by people, scholars, and even governments. Many factors, such as marine fishery resources, mineral resources, energy resources, and even geography and trade, determine the diversity of marine security. Therefore, this paper designs a marine information security early-warning system on the basis of the correlation analysis of security elements. Effective early-warning test results show that the actual application works.

Ouyang, X., 2020. Finite element free vibration analysis of marine composite laminates with variable stiffness. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 270–273. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Reinforced variable stiffness composites are commonly used in marine engineering and marine engineering structures. The free vibration behavior of composite laminates varies with varying stiffness. Classical layering theory and first-order shear deformation theory are used to model the structure. On the basis of the virtual work principle and the finite element method, the vibration equation is established. The curved fiber can improve the design performance of composite laminates, and the free vibration behavior of composite laminates with variable stiffness can be changed by changing the orientation of the fiber.

Qian, Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, R., and Jin, Y., 2020. Experimental study on influence of disc position on soil failure state of expanded pile under horizontal force in oceanographic engineering. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 274–282. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Concrete expanded pile represents a new type of variable section pile foundation. In this article, with the test method of small-scale half-section model pile with undisturbed soil, the whole process from soil loading to destruction was observed in order to study the influence of bearing disc position on soil failure state around the pile. In this article, the influence of disc position on horizontal bearing capacity and soil failure state of concrete expanded piles is studied, which will improve the design theory of concrete expanded piles, lay a foundation for the improvement and innovation of test methods, and provide a reference for the research and development of pile foundations in oceanographic engineering.

Qian, Y.; Fang, B.; Jin, Y., and Wang, R., 2020. Experimental study on effect of disc spacing on soil failure state of expanded pile under the action of horizontal force and application in oceanographic engineering. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 283–287. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In oceanographic engineering, concrete expanded piles represent a new type of pile foundation. This article observes small-scale half-section model pile of undisturbed soil, analyzes horizontal displacement of pile top and failure state of soil around piles under the action of horizontal force, and then further determines the effect of disc spacing on horizontal bearing capacity of concrete expanded piles. The test program, process, and test precautions are elaborated in the article, and the new findings of the test results, which provide a reliable theoretical basis for their application in oceanographic engineering, are presented.

Li, Y.; Han, T.; Wang, G.; Chen, J.; He, C., and Lu, Z., 2020. Coral growth monitoring in 24 weeks with laboratory auto-calibration balance system. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 288–293. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Reef-building corals play key roles in maintaining marine biodiversity and forming coral reefs. Understanding the early growth of corals is crucial at present for laboratory experiments regarding coral ecological recovery. Here, the authors designed an auto-calibration balance system to measure the 24-week early growth of eight Acropora formosa branches, which are suspended in seawater. The auto-calibration process is carried out before each measurement by loading a standard weight for setting the balance to zero, which solves the zero shift problem of ordinary balance due to continuous work in situ. Through linear regression analysis, the authors' measurement results reveal that the newly segmented coral branch shows an increasing growth rate in early growth. Within a certain range, an A. formosa branch with larger initial weight, comes with greater growth rate increasing, while the branches with an initial weight between 3.5 g and 4 g show the best growth potential during the whole measurement. Meanwhile, these data also reveal that the balance has high stability and that the system can be used to monitor the long-term growth of reef-building corals in seawater for laboratory research, providing strong support for coral ex situ conservation research, and is a strong impetus for global ecological restoration of reef-building corals.

Ma, K. and Lee, S.-W., 2020. Research on man-machine optimization design method of marine manufacturing equipment based on visual communication elements. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 294–297. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Many countries have developed marine equipment systems, where the overall level of marine manufacturing equipment can be regarded as a symbol of the comprehensive strength of a country, and the design ability directly determines the economic development of a country. The design of manufacturing equipment is a key issue in the field of marine manufacturing. This article examines, from the point of view of man-machine optimization, how to realize the harmonious design of man, machine, and environment for marine manufacturing equipment. Based on visual communication elements and manufacturing equipment with the man-machine optimization design method, an evaluation system and research of the human-computer interaction interface design formed a system of marine man-machine optimization design, evaluation, and improvement of manufacture equipment. Manufacturing equipment for marine man-machine optimization design provides a new train of thought. For marine equipment design, level of ascension offers a feasible theoretical basis and evaluation method. This study has important theoretical value and practical significance.

Tong, T., 2020. Study on the development of marine cultural industry in Gokarna: A coastal rural area of India. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 298–300. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The Indian coastal rural marine culture industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Relying on ocean resources, the marine industry has gradually become a new engine allowing India to transfer surplus labor force and promote national economic and social development in coastal rural areas, but there are still many shortcomings. Taking Gokarna as an example, this article briefly introduces the natural and human economy, marine culture, and tourism development of Gokarna, and puts forward the issues of marine cultural industry development: excessive development of marine cultural resources, scattered and disordered enterprise layout, still small scale. These problems are not consistent with the current situation of the sustainable and development of the marine economy; it is urgent for the government to guide and intervene. The countermeasures are to (1) strive for financial support, adhere to sustainable development, innovate marine cultural products, and establish awareness of the integrated development of the urban and rural marine cultural industry; (2) issue a special plan for the development of rural marine cultural industry in coastal areas as soon as possible; and (3) actively play a cultural driving function. The cultural industries in rural areas should be developed based on innovation of science and information technology.

Huang, L.; Xing, Z., and Fu, P., 2020. Test and analysis of grouting in the water-tight reconstruction project of a power station in Linhai City. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 301–307. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A power station in Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China has undergone serious soil erosion, terrace settlement, and foundation void. It is necessary to consolidate the soil around the power station to improve the water tightness and antiseepage performance through the stable grouting technology that combines pasty grout. In this paper, we evaluated the long-term impact of seawater on the durability, such as the integrity and permeability of the grouting curtain with pasty grout, and conducted laboratory simulations on the durability of the cement curtain under seawater and its antiscour performance. We also carried out the numerical calculation of the design of grouting pressure and diffusion radius based on the geological conditions on the site.

Li, G. and Li, X., 2020. Countermeasures for sustainable development of regional Marine economy under resource and environment constraints. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 308–311. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine economy sustainable development involves many factors, such as society, economy, resources, and environment, combined with empirical research and theoretical research, combining qualitative and quantitative assessment of the marine economy development situation in China. It uses the principal component analysis, combined with powerful software SPSS statistics, and marine economic and technical efficiency and the sustainable development of the marine economy to measure and decompose. The quantitative and qualitative aspects for the sustainable development of the marine economy of economic geography, system dynamics, and model analysis are studied here.

Ding, D.-s.; Li, K.-q.; Su, Y.; Liang, S.-k.; Qu, K.-m.; Cui, Z.-g.; Zhang, P., and Wang, X.-l., 2020. Division method of pollutant discharge region and estimation of the mainland-based pollutant loads entering the Bohai Sea. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 312–316. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The land-based pollutant total load control (PTLC) is an effective approach to comprehensively solve the current problem of marine pollution. The pollutant discharge region (PDR), which is the responsibility and source group, was divided for PTLC source assessment. According to the U.S. TMDLs mode, by tracing the source of the 145 points from which the land-based pollutants were discharged into the Bohai Sea, the Bohai rim was divided into two parts: the Bohai pollutant discharge band (in-band for short), whose pollutant was discharged into the Bohai Sea, and out-of-band, whose pollutant was not discharged into the Bohai Sea. The in-band area included 343 county-level administrative regions of 37 prefectural-level cities. The PDRs are further formed by the intersection of 115 watersheds, 13 sewage plants, and 17 national key monitoring sewage enterprises. These sewage enterprises discharged sewage into the sea by using an independent point, with 343 county-level administrative regions of 37 prefectural-level cities in-band. A total of 145 PDRs was combined to 42 and were further lumped together into three PDR systems. On the basis of the PDRs, the area, COD_Cr, nitrogen (DIN), and phosphorus (DTP) discharge flux of each PDR were estimated, which totaled 40,4476 km², 941,072 tons, 90,570 tons, and 12,808.8 tons, respectively. The COD_Cr, DIN, and DTP load per one square kilometer of each PDR were estimated, which averaged 4.99, 0.42, and 0.09 tons, respectively, and varied between 0.001 and 64.068, 0.006 and 5.063, and 0.0007 and 1.672, respectively. The key PDRs were discussed. From the results, it is seen that the key PDRs mainly lie in Hebei Province along with the large rivers.

Hu, M., 2020. Analysis of and countermeasure for the continual turnover of young senior seafarers during the COVID-19 epidemic from a HRM perspective at a Chinese oceangoing shipping enterprise. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 317–321. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As an occupational group outside the land, oceangoing seafarers can easily be neglected by society, especially during a social crisis. Few scholars have noticed that during the severe outbreak of coronavirus disease starting in 2019, there has been continual turnover of young Chinese senior mariners. These talented young employees are a core resource of the modern maritime industry, their departure will affect the sustainable development of shipping enterprises. This study, from a human resource management perspective, explores influencing reasons this group made such decisions and proposes some countermeasures and suggestions for shipping enterprises as a reference.

Shen, D.; Yang, Y., and Lu, J., 2020. Exploring influencing factors of seafood e-commerce efficiency: Based on panel data from 2011 to 2018. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 322–326. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The authors explore the seafood e-commerce efficiency from 2011 to 2018 of nine coastal provinces in China by computing the Malmquist index. Then, the authors construct the dynamic panel data model to analyze the influencing factors of total factor productivity change. The result of the Malmquist index shows that the seafood e-commerce efficiency in the period 2011–2018 shows an increasing trend. Agglomeration, market size, and retail services are major driven forces to promote efficiency. Policy recommendations are presented based on empirical results.