The new species Cardamine hupingshanensis K. M. Liu, L. B. Chen, H. F. Bai & L. H. Liu is described and illustrated from Hupingshan National Nature Reserve in northwestern Hunan, China. The new species is distinctive and assigned to section Cardamine L. according to its rhizomes, petioles sometimes with lateral leaflets, flowers, and coiled valves during dehiscence. The habitat is aquatic or subaquatic. Based on the leaf shape, it is similar to C. circaeoides Hooker f. & Thomson but is distinguished by its stout rhizomes and broadly obovate petals. The chromosome number is 2n = 24.

Following recent phylogenetic work segregating Micranthes Haworth from Saxifraga L. (Saxifragaceae) and to complete the transfer of names from Saxifraga to Micranthes in North America, we are proposing the new combination M. hitchcockiana (Elvander) Brouillet & Gornall.

A new species of Senna sect. Chamaefistula (DC. ex Colladon) H. S. Irwin & Barneby is described and illustrated under the name S. bracteosa D. Cardoso & L. P. Queiroz. This new species belongs to series Laxiflorae (Bentham) H. S. Irwin & Barneby and is related to S. lechriosperma H. S. Irwin & Barneby, both presenting a relatively wide pod (8–10 mm wide) and seeds transversely arranged inside the pod. It is distinguished from S. lechriosperma and from any other species of the series Laxiflorae by the lanate indument of the pod, larger bracts, larger flowers, the sepals densely tomentose, and the stamens glabrous. Senna bracteosa seems to be endemic to relictual hills surrounded by caatinga vegetation in the northeastern region of the state of Bahia, near the towns of Quijingue and Tucano, in eastern Brazil.

The new species Anthurium loretense Croat was invalidly published in 1991, lacking a Latin diagnosis. This oversight is corrected with the validation of the name.

The new species Anthurium nutibarense Croat (Araceae) from Colombia was published invalidly in 2005, not specifically designating the location of the holotype. This oversight is corrected with the validation of the name Anthurium nutibarense Croat.

Ten new species of Anthurium (Araceae) are described from Amazonian Peru. Nine of the species, A. carpishense Croat, A. cerrateae Croat & Lingán, A. debilipeltatum Croat, A. josei Croat, A. linganii Croat, A. longissimilobum Croat, A. pradoense Croat, A. puberulum Croat & Lingán, and A. timplowmanii Croat, are from a single area of high endemism in the southern Huallaga River Valley of Huánuco Department near Tingo María, and the area between Tingo María and La Divisora; and one species, A. pulcachense Croat, is endemic to an area in the middle Río Huallaga valley in San Martín, Peru.

New fruiting collections made since the publication of an account of Iridaceae for Flora Zambesiaca in 1993 show that spring-flowering plants until now referred to Gladiolus crassifolius Baker are better treated as a separate species, the earliest name for which is G. mosambicensis Baker. It is distinguished by the slightly smaller flowers, dry, obtuse floral bracts, and round, broadly winged seeds; G. crassifolius has green, acute bracts and wedge- to pear-shaped seeds with the wing fully developed at one or both ends but not on the sides. In addition, plants from northern Zimbabwe provisionally referred to G. permeabilis subsp. edulis (Burchell ex Ker Gawler) Obermeyer in the Flora Zambesiaca account of the genus do not belong in this species and are here described as G. metallicola Goldblatt. This plant, a member of section Hebea (Persoon) Bentham & Hooker f., remains known from one collection from the Great Dyke in Lomagundi District. Gladiolus L., the largest genus of the Iridaceae in the flora, now has 39 species in the Flora Zambesiaca region alone, and a total of 254 species worldwide.

Three new closely related species of Eleocharis R. Brown (Cyperaceae) from Andean páramos are described from Colombia: E. fassettii S. González & P. M. Peterson, E. cuatrecasii S. González & P. M. Peterson, and E. moraosejoana S. González, C. Ulloa & P. M. Jørgensen. They all belong to Eleocharis subgen. Eleocharis, sect. Eleocharis, and differ from related species by a combination of characters, among which are the thin, loose upper sheath apices and the unusual achene shape that is conspicuously tapered toward the base and apex.

A new species, Piper giordanoi E. F. Guimarães & D. Monteiro, from Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The taxon is related to P. weddellii C. DC. and P. sampaioi Yuncker. The new species differs in its shrubby habit and longer petioles. The lack of submarginal trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface distinguishes P. giordanoi from P. sampaioi.

Two new species of Baccharis L. assigned to subgenus Molina Heering and section Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae, Astereae) are described and illustrated from southern Brazil. Baccharis jocheniana G. Heiden & Macias is distinguished by its erect-prostrate growth habit, broadly 3-winged stems, reduced scale leaves, panicles composed of spikes of solitary to 6-clustered capitula, female capitula with 50 to 60 florets with an irregularly denticulate corolla apex, and ca. 8-ribbed cypselae. Baccharis ramboi G. Heiden & Macias is distinguished by its glabrescent hispid indument, narrowly 3-winged stems, shortly petiolate leaves with oblong leaf blades, capitula clustered in a spike with a narrowly winged axis and conspicuous leafy bracts, female capitula with ca. 30 to 35 florets with a short ligulate apex, and cypselae with two ribs more conspicuous than the others. Baccharis jocheniana is compared with B. myriocephala DC. and B. crispa Sprengel; B. ramboi is compared with B. pseudovillosa Malagarriga & J. E. Vidal.

Dimeria veldkampii Kiran Raj & Sivadasan, from north Goa of the northern Western Ghats, is illustrated and described as a new species of Poaceae belonging to the subtribe Dimeriinae of the tribe Andropogoneae. The species resembles D. woodrowii Stapf, but differs mainly by its inflorescence rachises being singly or doubly circinately recurved and by the immediate shedding of the spikelets as diaspores. Comparative morphological features of the new species and D. woodrowii are described, and a dichotomous key to the constituent species of Dimeria sect. Annulares Bor is provided.

There is a need to propose a new name in Cyperus L. for C. paucispiculatus Chermezon because the name currently used is an illegitimate later homonym of C. paucispiculatus Böckeler. A new name, C. limiticola Larridon & Reynders, is provided here.

Croton carpostellatus B. L. León & Martínez-Gordillo, a new species from Chiapas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Croton L. sect. Eluteria Grisebach, and it appears similar to C. schiedeanus Schlechtendal, although it differs in its ovary and capsule with stellate trichomes. A dichotomous key for distinguishing closely related taxa is included.

Three subspecies of Rosa carolina L. (Rosaceae) are recognized in eastern Canada, the United States, and Mexico, including one change in combination and status and a new subspecies, respectively: R. carolina subsp. subserrulata (Rydberg) W. H. Lewis and R. carolina subsp. mexicoensis W. H. Lewis. Rosa carolina subsp. subserrulata occurs commonly in the western range of the species centered in the Ozark Plateau and adjacent areas, north in the midwestern United States to eastern Lake Superior in Canada, and infrequently to the eastern ranges of the Appalachian and Allegheny Mountains, while R. carolina subsp. mexicoensis is a southern disjunct subspecies of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeastern Mexico. Two nothospecies are described for putative hybrids: R. ×medioccidentis W. H. Lewis is recognized between R. carolina and R. arkansana Porter in the midwestern United States, and R. ×novae-angliae W. H. Lewis between R. carolina and R. virginiana Miller in the eastern United States region of New England. Synonyms are provided for appropriate subspecies and hybrids. Two lectotypes are designated here, and representative exsiccatae or paratypes are given for the new subspecies and nothospecies. The following names are lectotypified: R. rudiuscula Greene and R. serrulata Rafinesque.

The new genus Sinopora J. Li, N. H. Xia & H. W. Li is reported for the Lauraceae from Hong Kong in South China and is based on Syndiclis hongkongensis N. H. Xia, Y. F. Deng & K. L. Yip. The new genus is distinguished from Syndiclis Hooker f. by its trimerous flowers. The new genus is similar to Hexapora Hooker f., but its anthers are originally introrse and tubular, with two anther cells near each other and apically opening by minute pores, the staminodes as large as the stamens, but not produced above the stamens.

Anticipating the full revision of the New World genus Orthosia Decaisne (Asclepiadeae, Orthosiinae), the following new combinations for 14 taxa formerly placed in Amphistelma Grisebach, Cynanchum L., Metastelma R. Brown, Tassadia Decaisne, and Vincetoxicum Wolf are provided: Orthosia bonplandiana (Roemer & Schultes) Liede & Meve, O. calycina (Schlechter) Liede & Meve, O. cardozoi (Morillo) Liede & Meve, O. cassythoides (Suessenguth) Liede & Meve, O. ellemannii (Morillo) Liede & Meve, O. guilleminiana (Decaisne) Liede & Meve, O. henriqueana (Silveira) Liede & Meve, O. meridensis (Morillo) Liede & Meve, O. parviflora (E. Fournier) Liede & Meve, O. pearcei (Rusby) Liede & Meve, O. pubescens (Greenman) Liede & Meve, O. scoparia (Nuttall) Liede & Meve, O. selloana (E. Fournier) Liede & Meve, and O. stannardii (Morillo) Liede & Meve. Full and comprehensive synonymies for O. scoparia and O. guilleminiana are given to preclude the confusing use of many different names for these widely distributed species. Lectotypification for 14 taxa is presented: Amphistelma ephedroides Grisebach, A. filiforme Grisebach, A. riedelii E. Fournier, A. selloanum E. Fournier, Astephanus pubescens Greenman, Cynanchum bonplandianum Roemer & Schultes, C. trilobulatum Lillo, Metastelma angustifolium Turczaninow, M. atrorubens Schlechter, M. calycinum Schlechter, M. fawcettii Schlechter, M. peruvianum Schlechter, M. rariflorum Schlechter, and M. retinaculatum Schlechter. Orthosia woodii Meve & Liede, a new endemic species from Bolivia, is described and illustrated.

Bouvardia borhidiana Lozada-Pérez is described and illustrated from Guerrero, Mexico. This new species is distinguished by green and glabrous branches, hypocrateriform corolla with a glabrous internal side, and by the pubescent branches of its stigma. Its relation with B. laevis M. Martens & Galeotti is discussed.

A new species, Parodia gaucha M. Machado & Larocca (Cactaceae, Notocacteae), from Encruzilhada do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically very similar to P. muricata (Otto ex Pfeiffer) Hofacker but can be distinguished from the latter by the presence of a conical projection below each areole, the higher number of shallower and narrower ribs, more closely spaced areoles, higher number of spines, different color of the spines, and seeds with minutely striate testa-cell surfaces.

We describe two new varieties of the North American species complex Packera paupercula (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve (Asteraceae, Senecioneae): variety savannarum R. R. Kowal from the American upper Midwest and variety appalachiana A. M. Mahoney from the southeastern United States. The new combination P. paupercula var. pseudotomentosa (Mackenzie & Bush) R. R. Kowal from the Midwest is also established. Because of their pubescence, these varieties have been previously included within a broadly circumscribed P. plattensis (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve. Their recognition is based on a biosystematic study, which included morphological and ecological observations in the field and in a transplant garden experiment, and chromosome counts.

Tragopogon soltisiorum Mavrodiev (Asteraceae, Cichorieae, Scorzonerinae) is described as a new species. The new species is a tetraploid (2n = 24), ruderal plant with long flowering and fruiting times and differs from the vast majority of Tragopogon L. species in its ability to reproduce vegetatively from adventitious shoots. The new species is known only from southern Russia and is found in two varieties—a typical variety and a new variety latifolius Mavrodiev.

A new species from Venezuela, Setaria carinata S. Nozawa & Pensiero, is described and illustrated. Setaria carinata differs from closely related species by the number of bristles (nine to 10 per spikelet), the ornamentation of the strongly carinate upper lemma, and its narrow lower palea. An identification key to discriminate between similar species is presented.

A new species of Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassler (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) is described and illustrated. Lycianthes bullata C. I. Orozco, C. A. Vargas & Serralde is found at low altitudes in the Pacific region of Colombia. This species belongs to the subgenus Polymeris (Dunal) Bitter; it is a vine and exhibits stellate and stalked ferruginous hairs and unifoliate sympodia. It is related to L. ferruginea Bitter but can be distinguished from this species by the intense ferruginous color of its indument; its larger foliar lamina (6.5–19 × 5–9 cm), elliptic to ovate, with adaxial surface glossy and bullate, and abaxial surface extremely reticulate; its larger flowers (15–17 mm long); the presence of five or six stamens; and its larger fruits (16–30 mm in diam.).

A new species of Parathesis (A. DC.) Hooker f., P. calimensis Ricketson & Pipoly (Myrsinaceae), from the Department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, is described and illustrated. Parathesis calimensis has terminal or terminal and lateral inflorescences, dorsifixed anthers, and a fine, closely appressed tomentum on the branchlets and abaxial leaf surfaces, which places it in Parathesis subg. Parathesis sect. Cubanae Ricketson & Pipoly. It is most similar to P. pseudocrassiramea Ricketson & Pipoly from Costa Rica but is easily recognized by its terete branchlets, large leaves, and fruits.

A new species of Besleria L. (Gesneriaceae) is described and illustrated from Peru. This species is distinguished by having inflorescences composed of few (1 to 5) flowers, lanceolate calyx lobes with the apex acute, and the corolla strongly ventricose.

The new species Leucas sivadasaniana Sunojkumar (Lamiaceae), collected from the Kudachadri Hills of Karnataka in Peninsular India, is described and illustrated. It is related to L. beddomei (Hooker f.) Sunojkumar & P. Mathew, L. eriostoma Hooker f., and L. lamiifolia Desfontaines, from which the new species differs in having broadly cuneate leaves, long and densely villous bracteoles, a nonciliate calyx mouth, and triangular teeth. This species is included in Leucas sect. Astrodon Bentham.

Seven new species of Faramea Aublet (Rubiaceae, Coussareae) are newly described from Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru. The new species F. colombiana C. M. Taylor from northwestern Colombia differs from F. robusta C. M. Taylor by its longer pedicels and larger flowers; F. condorica C. M. Taylor from southeastern Ecuador differs from F. phyllonomoides Standley by its longer calyx limbs and corollas with the tubes about twice as long as the lobes; F. frondosa C. M. Taylor from Panama differs from F. eurycarpa Donnell Smith by its oblanceolate to obovate calyx lobes 3.5–7 mm long; F. melicoccoides C. M. Taylor from western Colombia is distinguished by its relatively large fruits with a thickened pericarp, juicy mesocarp, and single smooth seed; F. ortiziana C. M. Taylor from Amazonian Peru differs from F. guianensis (Aublet) Bremekamp by its often terminal inflorescences and larger flowers and fruits; F. robusta C. M. Taylor from northwestern Colombia differs from F. polytriadophora Bremekamp by its longer peduncles and larger flowers; and F. schunkeana C. M. Taylor from central Peru differs from F. morilloi Steyermark by its leaves obtuse to rounded or cordulate at base, its larger corollas, and its smooth seeds.

Chamaegastrodia nanlingensis H. Z. Tian & F. W. Xing, a new species from Ruyuan county, in northern Guangdong, South China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to C. poilanei (Gagnepain) Seidenfaden & A. N. Rao, from which it differs in having smaller flowers, a yellow lip without a pair of elongate introrse lobules at the epichile lobe, a slightly erose margin, and much smaller dorsal sepals and petals.

Hedyotis cheniana R. J. Wang and H. wuzhishanensis R. J. Wang, from Hainan Province, China, are described as new. Hedyotis cheniana is similar to H. terminaliflora Merrill & Chun in having a terminal condensed inflorescence, but differs in having elliptic to ovate, or sometimes circular leaves with rounded or truncated leaf bases and distinct petioles, narrowly triangular stipules with a lacerate margin, heterostylous flowers, and short calyx tubes. Hedyotis wuzhishanensis is similar to H. paridifolia Dunn in having two pairs of leaves that are closely adjacent to the terminal inflorescence, but it can be distinguished by its covering of sparse to dense hairs on all vegetative organs, four to five pairs of secondary veins, and distinct petioles. These two new species belong to Hedyotis sect. Diplophragma Wight & Arnott based on the dehiscent pattern of their mature capsules.

A description of Hypoxis bampsiana Wiland (Hypoxidaceae) is extended, and a new subspecies, H. bampsiana subsp. tomentosa Wiland, is described from the Dzalanyama Forest Reserve in Malawi (also distributed from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania). It differs from H. bampsiana subsp. bampsiana in the indumentum dispersed on the whole leaf blade and in the number of leaf veins. Ranges of both subspecies are almost allopatric except at the Kundelungu Plateau in the Democratic Republic of Congo where they co-occur.

A new species of Orinus Hitchcock, O. alticulmus L. B. Cai & Tong Lin Zhang, is described and illustrated. This species is endemic to Qinghai province, China, occurring at altitudes of 2450–2600 m on sandy soils. It resembles O. kokonorica (K. S. Hao) Tzvelev, but differs from that species by its slightly effuse panicles, longer spikelets usually with five or six florets, purple-yellow anthers, shorter caryopses, and the paleas usually longer than the lemmas. A key to the five species of the genus is provided.