Salix rhoophila C. K. Schneid. was originally described based on three collections. The specimens in these collections belong to two different taxa: S. rhoophila as currently recognized and a species that until now has usually been called S. alfredii Goerz ex Rehder & Kobuski. The original material of S. polyclona C. K. Schneid. and S. mictotricha C. K. Schneid. also represent the same two species. The names S. alfredii, S. mictotricha, S. polyclona and S. rhoophila are lectotypified. The orthography of S. wuana K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov is corrected (originally spelled as “Wuiana”). Salix alfredii, S. mictotricha and S. wuana are recognized as synonyms of S. polyclona.

Citation: Liu L.-J., He L. & Applequist W. L. 2020: Untangling two Chinese Salix species (Salicaceae) published by C. K. Schneider, with lectotypification of four names. – Willdenowia 50: 159–163. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50201

Version of record first published online on 23 April 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

Citation: Lack H. W. & Raus Th. 2020: Bernhard Zepernick (1926–2019). – Willdenowia 50: 165–171. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50202

Version of record first published online on 24 April 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

The typification of eight names of species currently included in the family Cymodoceaceae is revised in order to contribute to their nomenclatural stability. The previously designated lectotype of Ruppia antarctica Labill. (≡ Amphibolis antarctica (Labill.) Sond. & Asch.) is cited. Lectotypes are designated here for Zostera nodosa Ucria (≡ Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asch.), Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf., Caulinia serrulata R. Br. (≡ Cymodocea serrulata (R. Br.) Asch. & Magnus), Halodule bermudensis Hartog, Diplanthera pinifolia Miki (≡ H. pinifolia (Miki) Hartog) and Cymodocea isoetifolia Asch. (≡ Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy). A neotype is designated here for Z. uninervis Forssk. (≡ H. uninervis (Forssk.) Asch.) and an epitype is designated here for Z. nodosa.

Citation: Ferrer-Gallego P. P. & Boisset F. 2020: A revision of the typification of some names in the seagrass genera Amphibolis, Cymodocea, Halodule and Syringodium (Cymodoceaceae). – Willdenowia 50: 173–186. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50203

Version of record first published online on 24 April 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

The first European record of Gymnocarpos sclerocephalus (Paronychia sclerocephala, Sclerocephalus arabicus, Caryophyllaceae), from the semidesert of Tabernas (Almería, Andalusia, Spain), is presented. After a diagnostic description and ecological interpretation of the species, we provide arguments in favour of its native status in that Spanish region and explore the geographic and historical causes explaining the local occurrence of this and a number of other biogeographically analogous species.

Citation: Le Driant F. & Carlón L. 2020: The Saharo-Arabian Gymnocarpos sclerocephalus (Caryophyllaceae) new to Europe in the semideserts of Almería, Spain. – Willdenowia 50: 187–194.

Version of record first published online on 12 May 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

The Calcarata species complex in Viola sect. Melanium (Violaceae) is a group of species from Italy and neighbouring islands. The complex is of considerable evolutionary interest because several hypotheses about hybrid speciation within the group have been previously proposed. Because the Calcarata complex is not well characterized morphologically, we used 142 samples representing 92 (of c. 120) species of V. sect. Melanium plus three outgroup species. Nuclear ITS and ETS and plastid trnS–trnG intergenic spacer sequences were analysed to test the monophyly of the Calcarata complex and to infer relationships among the constituent species. Both nuclear and plastid sequences resulted in very limited phylogenetic resolution. Based on the nuclear dataset, most species of the Calcarata complex were recovered in four clades that also contained species not previously associated with the complex. Results from the plastid dataset recovered most species of the complex in a large polytomy. However, one larger clade containing only Calcarata complex species could be recovered, and species of all four nuclear clades were part of this larger plastid clade. The Calcarata complex clearly could not be resolved as monophyletic. We hypothesize that the lack of phylogenetic resolution may result mainly from frequent hybridization and hybrid speciation, processes that are well documented for Viola and V. sect. Melanium.

Citation: Krause S. & Kadereit J. W. 2020: Identity of the Calcarata species complex in Viola sect. Melanium (Violaceae). – Willdenowia 50: 195–206.

Version of record first published online on 12 May 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

Wild emmer, Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides, is an annual tetraploid wheat characterized by a brittle spike axis that spontaneously disintegrates at maturity. It occurs widely in the so-called Fertile Crescent of the Near East and is of great importance for understanding wheat evolution and for breeding modern wheat cultivars tolerant of extreme heat and dryness. Wild emmer was first collected by Theodor Kotschy on Mt Hermon in Lebanon in 1855, but was not found again for more than half a century. Friedrich August Körnicke was first to realize that Kotschy's specimen represented an ancestral form of hexaploid bread wheat, T. aestivum, but, although he gave it a name, he did not describe it. Paul Ascherson and Paul Graebner were the first to provide a description, basing it on information received in a letter from Körnicke. In doing so, they validated Körnicke's suggested name T. sativum var. dicoccoides and made Kotschy's specimen the holotype. Five years later, on the basis of information received from Ascherson and Georg Schweinfurth in Berlin, Aaron Aaronsohn rediscovered wild emmer on Mt Hermon and started to send specimens for further study to Europe. Soon afterwards he also discovered it east of the river Jordan, while Theodor Strauss collected the first specimens in Iran. This paper focuses on the as yet widely unappreciated herbarium record, listing and commenting on early specimens collected in the wild as well as those cultivated in botanical gardens up to 1910.

Citation: Lack H. W. & Van Slageren M. 2020: The discovery, typification and rediscovery of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides (Poaceae). – Willdenowia 50: 207–216.

Version of record first published online on 22 May 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

A morphometric (multivariate and univariate) and karyological study of Onobrychis calabrica Širj. (Fabaceae), compared to O. alba subsp. echinata (Guss.) P. W. Ball and O. supina (Chaix ex Vill.) DC., was carried out. According to our results, twelve morphological characters clearly support the distinctiveness of O. calabrica. In addition, the latter species is tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 28 chromosomes, whereas the other two taxa are diploid with 2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes. The names O. calabrica and O. handel-mazzettii Širj. (a heterotypic synonym of O. supina) are lectotypified here. Onobrychis calabrica, a narrow endemic to SE Calabria, S Italy, is here assessed as Critically Endangered CR B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii) following IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

Citation: Bernardo L., Maiorca G., Franzoni J., Roma-Marzio F. & Peruzzi L. 2020: A morphometric and karyological study of Onobrychis calabrica (Fabaceae), a neglected species endemic to Calabria, S Italy. – Willdenowia 50: 217–224.

Version of record first published online on 22 May 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

We investigated the species composition of Saxifraga sect. Saxifraga subsect. Arachnoideae, a recently recognized taxon, using DNA sequence data (ITS, trnL–trnF, rpl32–trnL(uag)). We conclude that the subsection contains 12 species, i.e. S. aphylla, S. arachnoidea, S. berica, S. facchinii, S. hohenwartii, S. muscoides, S. paradoxa, S. petraea, S. prenja, S. presolanensis, S. sedoides and S. tenella. Of these, we provide the first molecular evidence for the membership of S. muscoides and S. prenja in S. subsect. Arachnoideae. We provide an extended morphological characterization of the subsection and an identification key to its species.

Citation: Gerschwitz-Eidt M. A. & Kadereit J. W. 2020: Species composition of Saxifraga sect. Saxifraga subsect. Arachnoideae (Saxifragaceae) based on DNA sequence evidence. – Willdenowia 50: 225–233. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50208

Version of record first published online on 26 May 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

The typification of the Linnaean name Iris variegata (Iridaceae) is discussed. Because no original material of the name is known to exist, a neotype is designated. To facilitate further detection and identification of the species, supporting illustrations of the neotype specimen and the living plant in habitat are provided.

Citation: Boltenkov E. V. & Mesterházy A. 2020: Neotypification of the Linnaean name Iris variegata (Iridaceae). – Willdenowia 50: 235–239. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50209

Version of record first published online on 26 May 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

Orbilia jesu-laurae is a new species of nematode-trapping fungus found on decorticated angiosperm wood in a tropical rainforest in Puerto Rico. The single specimen was studied from fresh apothecia and cultures. Morphology was studied and phylogenetic analysis (rDNA: ITS and LSU) was conducted using both sexual and asexual morphs. Nematodes were added to cultures to verify the formation and morphology of the trapping structures. Our results show that the species is in the Arthrobotrys clade, the phylogenetically closest relative being a possibly Mexican genotype with unknown morphology, erroneously referred to as Arthrobotrys musiformis in GenBank. Macro- and micromorphological, ecological and biogeographic data are provided along with a discussion of closely related species.

Citation: Quijada L., Baral H.-O., Beltrán-Tejera E. & Pfister D. H. 2020: Orbilia jesu-laurae (Ascomycota, Orbiliomycetes), a new species of neotropical nematode-trapping fungus from Puerto Rico, supported by morphology and molecular phylogenetics. – Willdenowia 50: 241–251.

Version of record first published online on 2 June 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

The climbing genus Ventilago Gaertn. (Rhamnaceae) is revised in New Caledonia and Vanuatu. The description of V. pseudcalyculata Guillaumin was based on four gatherings (syntypes). The name is lectotypified with a specimen from Lifou, and the species is now considered to be restricted to the Loyalty Islands, while the specimens from Grande Terre (the main island of New Caledonia) are treated as a new species, V. tinctoria Cahen, Toussirot & Pillon. A total of four endemic species are therefore recognized in New Caledonia: V. buxoides Baill., V. neocaledonica Schltr. and V. tinctoria from Grande Terre and V. pseudocalyculata from the Loyalty Islands. The plants from Vanuatu, often identified as V. neocaledonica, are treated here as a new species, V. vanuatuana Cahen, Toussirot & Pillon, endemic to that archipelago.

Citation: Cahen D., Toussirot M. & Pillon Y. 2020: A revision of Ventilago (Rhamnaceae) in New Caledonia and Vanuatu with notes on dyeing properties. – Willdenowia 50: 253–266.

Version of record first published online on 12 June 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

Plant populations at their distribution limits may often deviate morphologically from those at the centre of their range (core populations). A similar pattern was observed in Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae), a circumpolar, arctic-alpine species distributed in northern and central Europe, reaching south to northern Greece. The three southernmost populations of Europe, located in Greece, were sampled and specific leaf morphometric traits were measured and analysed using canonical variates analysis (CVA) and hierarchical cluster analysis. CVA revealed that the three samples of D. octopetala did not form one group but were significantly discriminated. Despite the rather similar climatic conditions of Mts Falakron and Orvilos, the sample of Mt Falakron was grouped with that of Mt Tzena, based on leaf morphology. These findings contradict findings from other studies on the ways with which plants react and adapt on areas of harsh climatic conditions. Micro-site conditions or a potentially different post-glacial origin could possibly explain the pattern observed in this study.

Citation: Varsamis G., Karapatzak E., Tseniklidou K., Merou Th. & Tsiftsis S. 2020: Plant morphological variability at the distribution edges: the case of Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae) in northern Greece. – Willdenowia 50: 267–277. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50212

Version of record first published online on 25 June 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

We present a taxonomic revision for Cyclodium, a neotropical fern genus that is most diverse in the Amazon lowlands, especially in the Guianas and Venezuela, but also extending to Central America, the western Andes and southeastern Brazil. The genus belongs to the Dryopteridaceae and is distinguished from other genera in this family by its dimorphic fronds and peltate indusia. We recognize 13 species of Cyclodium, for which we provide morphological descriptions, distribution maps, an identification key, illustrations and taxonomic comments. Cyclodium pubescens is described as new to science, C. meniscioides var. paludosum and C. meniscioides var. rigidissimum are synonymized under C. meniscioides, and C. heterodon var. abbreviatum is synonymized under C. heterodon. Lectotypes are designated for Aspidium confertum, A. guianense, C. rigidissimum, Dryopteris calophylla and Polystichum inerme. We also provide an assessment on conservation status for each species following IUCN categories and criteria.

Citation: Bohn A., Matos F. B. & Labiak P. H. 2020: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status of the fern genus Cyclodium (Dryopteridaceae). – Willdenowia 50: 279–304. doi:  https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50213

Version of record first published online on 25 June 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.

This is the twelfth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Asparagaceae (incl. Hyacinthaceae), Boraginaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Haloragaceae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae (incl. Buddlejaceae), Solanaceae and Umbelliferae. It includes new country and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Abutilon, Aegilops, Amelanchier, Andryala, Aruncus, Asparagus, Bellevalia, Brugmansia, Buglossoides, Bupleurum, Cortaderia, Crassula, Datura, Dysphania, Euphorbia, Fallopia, Iris, Lycianthes, Myriophyllum, Nicodemia, Onobrychis, Ophrys, Opuntia, Orobanche, Phelipanche, Plumbago, Salvia, Silene, Stellaria and Wisteria, and new combinations in Amelanchier and Phelipanche.

Citation

For the whole article:

Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.) 2020: Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 12 [Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 41]. – Willdenowia 50: 305–341.

For a single contribution (example):

Meyer S. & Bazos I. 2020: Bellevalia speciosa Woronow ex Grossh. – Pp. 307–308 in: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 12 [Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 41]. – Willdenowia 50: 305–341.

Version of record first published online on 17 July 2020 ahead of inclusion in August 2020 issue.