Aeschimann, D., N. Rasolofo & J.-P. Theurillat (2011). Analysis of the flora of the Alps. 2: biodiversity and chorology. Candollea 66: 225–253. In French, English and French abstracts.

The second in a series, this paper continues the statistical analysis of the data published in «Flora alpina». The characterization of biodiversity encompasses the altitudinal and worldwide distribution of the taxa. For each vegetation belt, the following results are provided: the numbers of families and genera, as well as lists of the most important ones, characteristic ones, and ones richest in endemics; the number of taxa that are present or exclusive; the rate of endemism; a cartographic pattern of endemism; and the number of taxa from each floristic contingent. Comparisons are made between the western and the eastern Alps, showing that the bicentrism is more pronounced in the lower belts. The relative weight of each floristic contingent is provided for the total flora and for the xenophytes, as well as being presented in the form of cartographic patterns for the main contingents. With almost a third of the taxa, the South-European montane contingent is the most important one. It is demonstrated that in the Alps, taxonomic richness is positively correlated with the relative weight of the Mediterranean contingent. The families and genera characterizing South-European montane and Arctic-Alpine contingents are listed.

Bakayoko, A., P. Martin, C. Chatelain, D. Traore & L. Gautier (2011). Diversity, family dominance, life forms and ecological strategies of forest fragments compared to continuous forest in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. Candollea 66: 255–262. In English, English and French abstracts.

Extensive agriculture and timber exploitation are the principal causes of forest destruction in Ivory Coast. This country has an annual deforestation rate of 1.1 to 2.9% which is the highest in Africa. Most Ivorian forests consist of protected areas and of forest fragments embedded in a secondary landscape composed of a mosaic of cultivated fields, fallows and perennial crops plantations. Southwestern Côte d'Ivoire which is our study area, is one of the rare areas where we can still find significant continuous forests blocks (classified forests of Goin-Débé and Cavally, and Taï National Park). This part of Ivorian forest is rich in narrow endemic species (so-called Sassandriennes species) and is one of the hotspots of biodiversity. Considering the floristic characteristics of the study area, the human pressure which also extends to protected areas, and the disastrous consequences on the biodiversity, it becomes a critical issue to assess the impact of forest fragmentation on floristic composition and diversity. Results of this study indicate that impact of isolation and further direct human disturbances on forest fragments lead to an increase of secondary and pioneers strategies and liana life forms. However, resilience of a high proportion of primary species including Sassandriennes endemics in fragments induce an increase in global richness and diversity and demonstrate that promoting their conservation in southwestern Ivory Coast can substantially contribute to general conservation of plant species. Political authorities and conservation agencies should become aware of the urgent need of appropriate conservation policy for these forest fragments.

Callmander, M. W. & P. P. lowry II (2011). Two new species from the Mount Panié massif (New Caledonia): Meryta rivularis Lowry (Araliaceae) and Pandanus taluucensis Callm. (Pandanaceae). Candollea 66: 263–272. In French, English and French abstracts.

A rapid assessment (RAP) of the biodiversity of the Mount Panié massif in north-eastern New Caledonia led to the discovery of two new taxa described here: Meryta rivularis Lowry (Araliaceae) and Pandanus taluucensis Callm. (Pandanaceae). Each description is accompanied by a drawing, photos taken in the field, and a discussion of its morphological affinities, along with a preliminary assessment of its conservation status based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Gamisans, J., L. Hugot & D. Jutzeler (2011). Hippocrepis conradiae Gamisans & Hugot (Fabaceae), a new species from Corsica, in relation to an endemic butterfly. Candollea 66: 273–280. In French, English and French abstracts.

Hippocrepis conradiae Gamisans & Hugot (Fabaceae) is a new endemic species described from the Corsican Mountains (massif of Mount Cintu) which can be distinguished easily from some closely related species, in particular from Hippocrepis comosa L. A comparative table and some photographs are provided to demonstrate the morphological differences. This rare plant species, discovered in 2009, is most likely to be the host-plant of the Corsican form of the Blue butterfly Polyommatus coridon Poda, 1761, subsp. nufrellensis Schurian, 1977 (Lycaenidae), which is endemic to Corsica and whose known distribution results exclusively from the observation of individuals appearing on suitable nectariferous flowers at humid sites. The investigation of Hippocrepis conradiae was inspired by the rediscovery of subsp. nufrellensis in 2001, which had not been observed since its discovery west of Mount La Mufrella in 1975. The breeding areas remained completely unknown prior to the discovery of this plant, which is found only at some distance from the butterflies' nectaring areas. The co-evolution of these two rare Corsican endemics, where one is living in a close relationship with the other and both occupying an extremely limited geographical range is an extraordinary phenomenon, and consequently merits all our efforts to be protected.

Ammann, M., L. Gautier & J. Klackenberg (2011). Calyptranthera viridiflava Ammann, L. Gaut. & Klack. (Apocynaceae s.l., Secamonoideae), a new species from Madagascar. Candollea 66: 281–284. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new species of Calyptranthera (Apocynaceae s.l., Secamonoideae), Calyptranthera viridiflava Ammann, L. Gaut. & Klack., is described, illustrated and compared to related species. Calyptranthera viridiflava was collected in the Ampasindava peninsula in northwestern Madagascar.

Price, M. J. & E. Maier (2011). Catalogue of the bryophyte types in G: the Grimmiaceae. Candollea 66: 285–309. In English, English and French abstracts.

In the bryophyte collection in G a total of 138 types have been located for 97 specific and infraspecific names either described under Coscinodon Spreng., Grimmia Hedw., Racomitrium Brid., Schistidium Brid., or later transferred into one of these genera. These represent 63 currently recognised taxa, 58 from the Grimmiaceae, two that are now in the Pottiaceae and three that are in the Orthotrichaceae, Ptychomitriaceae and Seligeriaceae. Of the 138 types identified 33 are holotypes or lectotypes, 75 are isotypes or isolectotypes, 19 are syntypes or paratypes, 1 is a neotype and 10 are of uncertain designation. Four original specimens for three nomina nuda were also located. A previously un-documented original Hedwig specimen for Trichostomum heterostichum Hedw. was found recently and details on it are given herein. Newly identified potential type specimens from the Nees von Esenbeck herbarium, for 11 names described in Bryologia Germanica, are included. A list of problematic material and types that are cited in the literature as present in G but that were not located in the herbarium has been compiled. This catalogue includes the basionym and current name, protologue type citation, specimen label information, G barcode and typification information for each of the 154 specimens treated.

Jongkind, C. C. H. & L. Gautier (2011). Combretum nusbaumeri Jongkind & L. Gaut. (Combretaceae), a new species from Madagascar. Candollea 66: 311–315. In English, English and French abstracts.

The new species Combretum nusbaumeri Jongkind & L. Gaut. (Combretaceae) that is endemic to north-eastern Madagascar is described and illustrated. It belongs in subgen. Cacoucia (Aubl.) Exell & Stace sect. Calopyxis (Tul.) Jongkind and is related to Combretum evisceratum (H. Perrier) Jongkind and Combretum macrocalyx (Tul.) Jongkind, two forest climbers that are also found in the same region. It differs quite markedly from them by the densely hairy receptacle and the style which is barely exserted.

Ellis, L. T. (2011). Type specimens of taxa described by C. F. Schwägrichen in the moss genera Calymperes and Syrrhopodon (Musci: Calymperaceae). Candollea 66: 317–329. In English, English and French abstracts.

The status is reviewed of type specimens of the 15 taxa described by Schwägrichen in the moss genera Calymperes F. Weber and Syrrhopodon Schwägr. (Calymperaceae), held in G (Hedwig-Schwägrichen Herbarium), BM, PC and S. Lectotypes are designated herein for Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwägr., Calymperes moluccense Schwägr., Syrrhopodon albovaginatus Schwägr., Syrrhopodon clavatus Schwägr., Syrrhopodon dubius Schwägr., Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwägr., Syrrhopodon involutus Schwägr., Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwägr., Syrrhopodon rigescens Schwägr., Syrrhopodon taylorii Schwägr., and Syrrhopodon tristichus Schwägr.

GUILLÓ, A., M. Á. ALONSO, A. JUAN & M. B. CRESPO (2011). Nomenclatural notes on Sarcocornia perennis (Mill.) A. J. Scott (Amaranthaceae). Candollea 66: 331–335. In English, English and French abstracts.

Some nomenclatural comments are reported on Sarcocornia perennis (Mill.) A. J. Scott (≡ Salicornia perennis Mill.) (Amaranthaceae), a plant widely distributed in the saline areas of Western Europe and the Mediterranean basin. On the one hand, historical data on related taxa, including pre-Linnaean polynomials, are discussed. On the other, a neotype is selected to fix the use of the name, and a list of synonyms is also presented.

Heiden G. & A. A. Schneider (2011). A new species of Baccharis sect. Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) from the high altitude grasslands of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Southeastern Brazil. Candollea 66: 337–340. In English, English and French abstracts.

Baccharis hemiptera G. Heiden & A. A. Schneid., a new species of the high altitude grasslands from Parque Nacional do Caparaó, southeastern Brazil, is described, illustrated and assigned to Baccharis sect. Caulopterae DC. The new species is close to Baccharis glaziovii Baker, from south-eastern and southern Brazil, and Baccharis subalata Wedd., from the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes.

Hadjikyriakou, G. & R. Hand (2011). Teucrium salaminium Hadjik. & Hand (Lamiaceae, Teucrium sect. Polium), a new species from Cyprus. Candollea 66: 341–351. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new gypsophilous species, Teucrium salaminium Hadjik. & Hand (Lamiaceae, Teucrium sect. Polium), recently identified in Cyprus, is described. Its relationship to the four species of Teucrium sect. Polium known to occur in Cyprus is discussed, and ecological data on its habitat are provided.

Duran, A., B. Dogan, E. Hamzaoğlu & A. Aksoy (2011). Scorzonera coriacea A. Duran & Aksoy (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey. Candollea 66: 353–359. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new species, Scorzonera coriacea A. Duran & Aksoy (Asteraceae) from Anatolia, Turkey, is described and illustrated. The species grows in open Pinus nigra forest and on the serpentine stony slopes of the Kızıldağ Mountain in the district of Derebucak (Konya province) and in the Kızıldağ National Park in the district of Şarkikaraağaç (Isparta province). Scorzonera coriacea is a very distinct species, and with no obvious allies among other Scorzonera species in Turkey in terms of morphological features. The new species is an endemic confined to the Southern Anatolia. Notes on its ecology, biogeography and its conservation status are also presented. The geographical distribution of the new species is mapped.

Grossi, M. A. (2011). Neotypification of Stomatanthes helenae (Buscal. & Muschl.) Lisowski (Asteraceae): the curious history of an African specimen. Candollea 66: 361–366. In English, English and French abstracts.

The holotype of the name of the Central African species Stomatanthes helenae (Buscal. & Muschl.) Lisowski (Asteraceae), initially described as Eupatorium helenae Buscal. & Muschl., was destroyed during the World War II. No other original material of this name was found, except for an illustration housed at BR. A specimen from BRLU herbarium is chosen here as neotype of Eupatorium helenae. Additionally, a re-description of the species, an illustration, a distribution map, as well as a key to the African species of Stomatanthes, are provided.

Paula-Souza, J. De, J. R. Pirani & C. Delfini Feliciano (2011). Taxonomic and geographic notes on the Hybanthus lanatus (A. St.-Hil.) Baill. complex (Violaceae). Candollea 66: 367–375. In English, English and French abstracts.

Recent taxonomical studies on South American Hybanthus s.l. attest the occurrence of Hybanthus lanatus (A. St.-Hil.) Baill. (Violaceae) in Argentina, altough this species has been previously reported as endemic to the Cerrado of the Brazilian Plateau. This species presents large morphological variations within its distribution range. It is part of Hybanthus lanatus complex which includes 5 other species phylogenetically closely related (Hybanthus poaya (A. St.-Hil.) Baill., Hybanthus strigoides Taub., Hybanthus velutinus Schulze-Menz and two other undescribed species). Hybanthus velutinus Schulze-Menz had been recorded in Argentina in the 1950's, but this occurrence is based on an incorrect identification of specimens collected in San Ignacio, in the very same area where Hybanthus lanatus has been recorded. The disjunct distribution of Hybanthus lanatus between the Brazilian Plateau and the area of San Ignacio in Argentina, further supported by similar cases in other plant groups, suggests a dispersal model rather than a «dry forest refuge» model event. Descriptions, comments on the geographical distributions and illustrations of Hybanthus lanatus and Hybanthus velutinus, are provided in order to eliminate future confusion between these two species.

Bogdanović, S., C. Brullo, S. Brullo, G. Giusso del Galdo, C. M. Musarella & C. Salmeri (2011). Allium cithaeronis Bogdanović, C. Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Musarella & Salmeri (Alliaceae), a new species from Greece. Candollea 66: 377–382. In English, English and French abstracts.

A new species of Allium sect. Scorodon Koch, Allium cithaeronis Bogdanović, C. Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Musarella & Salmeri, is described and illustrated from Greece. Its chromosome number (2n = 16), karyogram, leaf anatomy, ecology, and taxonomical relationships are examined. For some morphological features, such as exserted stamens from perigon and tuberculate lobes in the upper part of the ovary, it represents a very isolated species within the section Scorodon.

Paz Canuria, E. De, R. Alonso Redondo, A. Ruiz De Gopegui & M. E. García González (2011). The genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) in Cantabrian Cordillera (Spain). Candollea 66: 383–395. In Spanish, English and French abstracts.

The revision of the taxa belonging to the genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) in the Cantabrian Cordillera (NW Spain) is presented: Fritillaria nervosa Willd. subsp. nervosa, Fritillaria nervosa subsp. falcata (Caball.) Fern.-Arias & Devesa, Fritillaria lusitanica Wikstr. subsp. lusitanica and Fritillaria legionensis Llamas & J. Andrés. New sites with notable chorological interest for the Iberian endemics are given for Fritillaria legionenis and Fritillaria nervosa subsp. falcata. Morphometric, ecological, biogeographic, conservation status and phytosociological data, as well as an identification key, are given for all studied taxa.

Callmander, M. W., P. B. Phillipson & L. Gautier (ed.) (2011). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 14–21. Candollea 66: 397–423. In English, English and French abstracts.

Ongoing research on Madagascar's flora is revealing numerous taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, and providing new data on species distribution. This is the third set of notes in a series that aims to provide the botanical community working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to publish short communications on these topics, and comprises eight notes.

— Note 14. Lectotypification of two species of Bignoniaceae from Madagascar, by Martin W. Callmander & Peter B. Phillipson. Lectotypes are designated for two species of Bignoniaceae from Madagascar, Rhodocolea boivinii (Baill.) H. Perrier and Stereospermum variabile H. Perrier. Additional observations and conservation threat analyses are also provided for the two species.

— Note 15. Two new combinations in Memecylon L. (Melastomataceae) of Madagascar, by R. Douglas Stone & Martin W. Callmander. This note proposes new combinations at species rank for the taxa originally described as Memecylon pedunculatum var. centrale Jacq.-Fél. and Memecylon eglandulosum var. bezavonense Jacq.-Fél. A lectotype is also designated for the latter.

— Note 16. Pandanaceae specimens relocated from the University of Neuchâtel (NEU), with two new synonymies, by Martin W. Callmander, Michel O. Laivao & Peter B. Phillipson. In 2010, the Pandanaceae specimens held at the University of Neuchâtel Herbarium (NEU) were permanently transferred to the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (G). These included 11 type specimens, and it is therefore necessary to amend the protologues for these species, to reflect these transfers. This note provides a complete list of specimens concerned and details the necessary changes. Two species names based on this material are discussed, and are now formally treated as synonyms.

— Note 17. The genus Vernoniopsis Humbert (Asteraceae) in Madagascar, by Martin W. Callmander & Peter B. Phillipson. The authors present a brief review of the endemic Malagasy genus Vernoniopsis Humbert (Asteraceae). Two distinct species are recognised: Vernoniopsis caudata (Drake) Humbert and a second species, based on Vernoniopsis caudata subsp. lokohense Humbert, for which we designate a lecto type and provide the new combination Vernoniopsis lokohense (Humbert) Callm. & Phillipson.

— Note 18. Two new records of Orchidaceae from Madagascar, with an updated list of species shared with continental Africa, by Phillip Cribb, Laurent Gautier, Sonia Trigui & Louis Nusbaumer. Didymoplexis verrucosa J. Stewart & Hennessy and Hetaeria heterosepala (Rchb. F.) Summerh., two orchid species hitherto only known from Africa, are newly reported from Madagascar, the latter also representing a new generic record for the island. A list of species shared between Madagascar and Continental Africa is provided and discussed.

— Note 19. Malagasy Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) revisited: new combinations and lectotypifications for Ochrocarpos goudotianus and O. evonymoides and the lectotypification of Garcinia comorensis, by Zachary S. Rogers, Patrick W. Sweeney & Laurent Gautier. New combinations are provided for two Malagasy species of Clusiaceae: Garcinia evonymoides (Planch. & Triana) P. Sweeney & Z. S. Rogers, Garcinia goudotiana (Planch. & Triana) P. Sweeney & Z. S. Rogers. The names Ochrocarpos multiflorus O. Hoffm. and Garcinia disepala Vesque are treated as synonyms of Garcinia evonymoides Planch. & Triana, and Garcinia melleri Baker and Garcinia comorensis Drake as synonyms of Garcinia goudotiana Planch. & Triana. Lectotypes are designated for three names (Garcinia comorensis, Ochrocarpos evonymoides and Ochrocarpos goudotianus).

— Note 20. The legacy of Henri Jumelle in Marseille: an overlooked collection of Palms from Madagascar, by Martin W. Callmander, Bruno Vila, John Dransfield & Henk Beentje. Henri Jumelle (1866–1935) described 328 new taxa from Madagascar, including numerous Arecaceae, based mainly on specimens collected by Henri Perrier de la Bâthie. A recent visit to the herbarium of the University of Provence in Marseille (MARS) established that a nearly complete set (217 collections) of Perrier de la Bâthie's Arecaceae material, which has been generally overlooked, is present at MARS.

— Note 21. A new name for the endemic species of Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) in the Seychelles, by George E. Schatz & Porter P. Lowry II. Discovery in the Paris herbarium of a mislabeled duplicate of Pervillé 36 results in an older name for the endemic Seychelles ebony. The authors propose a new combination for this taxon: Diospyros boiviniana (Baill.) G. E. Schatz & Lowry.

Ramella, L. & P. Perret (ed.) (2011). Notulae ad Floram paraquaiensem, 110–111. Candollea 66: 425–434. In Spanish, French and English abstracts.

Thirty-seventh installment of a series dedicated to the presentation of taxonomic, nomenclatural or floristic novelties in relation with the project “Flora del Paraguay” as well as complements to already published treatments. Organizational information and accounts on the advancement of the Flora are sometimes added by the editors. — Notula 110. The collections of Johann Rudolph Rengger (1795–1832) in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. II. Biographical elements and bibliography, by Lorenzo Ramella & Patrick Perret. The authors present documented biographical elements including a detailed chronology of the trip to Paraguay as well as a commented bibliography of J. R. Rengger. These elements correct and supplement often erroneous or incomplete biographies and bibliographies. The historical circonstances in which the botanical collections were carried out are in this way specified and they will be analyzed in this context in a third contribution. Notula 111. Typifications in the genus Buddleja L. (Buddlejaceae) of the flora of Paraguay, by Lorenzo Ramella, Patrick Perret & Eliane M. Norman. The authors lectotypify Buddleja fiebrigiana Kraenzl. and Buddleja grisea Kraenzl. They specify the deposit herbarium of the lectotype of Buddleja misionum Kraenzl.

Aedo, C. (2011). Geranium trujillense Aedo (Geraniaceae), a new species from Peru. Candollea 66: 435–439. In Spanish, English and French abstracts.

A new species, Geranium trujillense Aedo (Geraniaceae), from North Peru is described and illustrated. A morphological comparison to related Geranium digitatum R. Knuth is provided. The key for sericeous-leaved species of Geranium sect. Neoandina Aedo is updated.